Salmonella Reading: A rare case of generalized salmonellosis in non-endemic region

Salmonella Reading is a rare serotype of Salmonella enterica and is associated with sporadic cases and rare outbreaks worldwide. This article describes a rare case of generalized S. Reading infection imported from Indonesia to Moscow, Russia. A 37-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with fever, weakness, and headache after returning from Indonesia. During his stay in Indonesia, he developed symptoms of a gastrointestinal infection, which resolved there. However, upon return to Moscow, his condition worsened due to high fever, and he was diagnosed with a generalized salmonellosis caused by S. Reading (positive blood and stool culture). This case highlights the importance of differential diagnosis in patients with fever. The health risks associated with traveling to exotic countries and the importance of preventive measures are emphasized. This is the first published case of S. Reading in Eastern Europe.

Factors influencing on hospitalization of COVID-19 patients with comorbidity

Purpose

During COVID-19 pandemic, the total number of patients is periodically growing, including the number of those requiring hospitalization.

The factors that increase the risk of hospitalization with COVID-19 remain poorly understood.

Aim

identification of factors influencing on the likelihood of hospitalization in COVID-19 patients with comorbidity.

Methods & Materials

A retrospective cohort study of 74314 COVID-19 patients with a comorbidity within March-November 2020 in Russia. Using multivariate logistic regression, significant factors influencing hospitalization were identified.

Results

As a result, a logistic function was obtained that included 16 factors out of 21, which was statistically significant. In accordance with R² Nigelkirk coefficient of determination, composition of the factors are 46.6%. Based on the regression coefficient values, the age of the patients, the sex of the patients, the severity of the disease, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, endocrine pathology, oncology and other diseases, fever, dyspnea and late address for medical care (after 5 day of disease) are factors that increase the likelihood of hospitalization. Rhinitis, loss of taste, belonging to contact with contact with COVID-19 patient, early seeking for medical care had an inverse relationship with the risk of hospitalization.

The chances of hospitalization of patients with oncology is increased 1.496 times (95% CI:1.159-1.932), with endocrine diseases - by 1.573 times (95% CI:1.238 -1.999), in patients with cardiovascular pathology - by 1.502 times (95% CI:1.185-1.903),), in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology - by 1.439 times (95% CI:1.133-1.828), with other comobidities - by 1.501 times (95% CI:1.184-1.904), in patients with moderate the course of the disease - by 8.353 times in comparison with patients with a mild course (95% CI:8,000-8.721), in patients with a severe course of the disease risk is increased by 68.291 times (95% CI:59.279-78.673), risk of hospitalization in men compared with women is increased 1.393 times (95% CI: 1.348-1.438), in patients with fever - 1.14 times (95% CI: 1.09-1.20), with dispnoea - 1.526 (95% CI: 1.495- 1.596).

The chances of hospitalization with an increase in age by 1 year increased 1.012 times (95% CI: 1.010-1.013).

Conclusion

These factors will help healthcare workers with the decisions regarding hospitalization of patients.

Predictors of severe course of COVID-19 depending on comorbid background

Purpose

Methods & Materials

Results

Conclusion