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Garcia AC, Maurer CH, Hollinshead K, Laise P, Andren A, Sastra SA, Palermo CF, Sagalovskiy IR, Zhang L, Holmstrom S, Johnson K, Manji GA, Luga A, Lyssiotis CA, Califano A, Kimmelman A, Olive KP. Abstract 4803: BMAL2 is a KRAS-dependent master regulator of hypoxic response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
To identify novel drivers of PDA malignancy, we employed a regulatory network analysis, which accurately infers the activity of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins based on the integrated expression of their positive and negative target genes. This highly validated approach enables the identification of the most hyper-activated and hyper-repressed regulatory proteins (i.e. the “master regulators (MRs)”) that drive phenotypic distinctions. We applied this technique to a set of 200 laser capture microdissected human PDA samples as well as 45 low-grade precursors for which we had matched histopathological, clinical, and epidemiological annotation. We identified the MRs associated with four malignancy phenotypes: precursors vs. PDA (initiation), low-grade vs. high grade histopathology (progression), survival post resection, and association with KRAS activity. Integrating across these phenotypes, the top MR of PDA malignancy was found to be BMAL2, a member of the PAS family of bHLH transcription factors. Although the canonical function of BMAL2 is linked to the circadian rhythm protein CLOCK, gene set enrichment analysis highlighted a potential role in hypoxia response. We previously demonstrated that PDA in humans and in the genetically engineered “KPC” mouse model is hypovascularized, hypoperfused, and profoundly hypoxic, with a partial oxygen pressure <1mmHg. Given the close homology of BMAL2 to HIF1B (ARNT) and its potential to heterodimerize with HIF1A, we investigated whether BMAL2 plays a role in the hypoxic response of PDA. Indeed, BMAL2 activity was induced in response to hypoxia and inhibited following treatment with multiple RAF, MEK, and ERK inhibitors, validating its computationally-inferred association with RAS activity. Strikingly, knockout or knockdown of BMAL2 in human PDAC cells led to defects in viability and invasion in the setting of hypoxia. BMAL2 knockout cells lost the ability to induce glycolysis upon exposure to severe hypoxia and this was associated with a loss of expression of the glycolysis enzyme LDHA. A large-scale CRISPR screen found that LDHA was the single most critical gene necessary for viability of PDA cells in the setting of hypoxia. Moreover, the set of inferred transcriptional targets of BMAL2 were highly enriched in hypoxia-responsive proteins, including GLUT1, the second top hit in our hypoxia survival CRISPR screen. Strikingly, knockout of BMAL2 led to a complete loss of HIF1A stabilization in response to hypoxia, consistent with the stabilizing role of HIF1A heterodimerization partners such as HIF1B. By contrast, HIF2A was further upregulated under hypoxia in the setting BMAL2 loss. We conclude that BMAL2 is a key master regulator of hypoxia responses in PDA that serves as a molecular switch between the disparate metabolic roles of HIF1A- and HIF2A-dependent hypoxia responses. This will be further validated in ongoing metabolomic studies
Citation Format: Alvaro Curiel Garcia, Carlo H. Maurer, Kate Hollinshead, Pasquale Laise, Anthony Andren, Stephen A. Sastra, Carmine F. Palermo, Irina R. Sagalovskiy, Li Zhang, Sam Holmstrom, Kristen Johnson, Gulam A. Manji, Alina Luga, Costas A. Lyssiotis, Andrea Califano, Alec Kimmelman, Kenneth P. Olive. BMAL2 is a KRAS-dependent master regulator of hypoxic response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4803.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhang
- 5University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Gulam A. Manji
- 1Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alina Luga
- 9University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Badgley MA, Kremer DM, Maurer HC, DelGiorno KE, Lee HJ, Purohit V, Sagalovskiy IR, Ma A, Kapilian J, Firl CEM, Decker AR, Sastra SA, Palermo CF, Andrade LR, Sajjakulnukit P, Zhang L, Tolstyka ZP, Hirschhorn T, Lamb C, Liu T, Gu W, Seeley ES, Stone E, Georgiou G, Manor U, Iuga A, Wahl GM, Stockwell BR, Lyssiotis CA, Olive KP. Cysteine depletion induces pancreatic tumor ferroptosis in mice. Science 2020; 368:85-89. [PMID: 32241947 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that results from the catastrophic accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oncogenic signaling elevates lipid ROS production in many tumor types and is counteracted by metabolites that are derived from the amino acid cysteine. In this work, we show that the import of oxidized cysteine (cystine) via system xC - is a critical dependency of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is a leading cause of cancer mortality. PDAC cells used cysteine to synthesize glutathione and coenzyme A, which, together, down-regulated ferroptosis. Studying genetically engineered mice, we found that the deletion of a system xC - subunit, Slc7a11, induced tumor-selective ferroptosis and inhibited PDAC growth. This was replicated through the administration of cyst(e)inase, a drug that depletes cysteine and cystine, demonstrating a translatable means to induce ferroptosis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Badgley
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel M Kremer
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - H Carlo Maurer
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Klinikum rechts der Isar, II, Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen E DelGiorno
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vinee Purohit
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Irina R Sagalovskiy
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice Ma
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Kapilian
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christina E M Firl
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda R Decker
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steve A Sastra
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmine F Palermo
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leonardo R Andrade
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Zachary P Tolstyka
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tal Hirschhorn
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Candice Lamb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E Scott Seeley
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Salvo Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alina Iuga
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Payen T, Oberstein PE, Saharkhiz N, Palermo CF, Sastra SA, Han Y, Nabavizadeh A, Sagalovskiy IR, Orelli B, Rosario V, Desrouilleres D, Remotti H, Kluger MD, Schrope BA, Chabot JA, Iuga AC, Konofagou EE, Olive KP. Harmonic Motion Imaging of Pancreatic Tumor Stiffness Indicates Disease State and Treatment Response. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:1297-1308. [PMID: 31831559 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a common, deadly cancer that is challenging both to diagnose and to manage. Its hallmark is an expansive, desmoplastic stroma characterized by high mechanical stiffness. In this study, we sought to leverage this feature of PDA for two purposes: differential diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Harmonic motion imaging (HMI) is a functional ultrasound technique that yields a quantitative relative measurement of stiffness suitable for comparisons between individuals and over time. We used HMI to quantify pancreatic stiffness in mouse models of pancreatitis and PDA as well as in a series of freshly resected human pancreatic cancer specimens. RESULTS In mice, we learned that stiffness increased during progression from preneoplasia to adenocarcinoma and also effectively distinguished PDA from several forms of pancreatitis. In human specimens, the distinction of tumors versus adjacent pancreatitis or normal pancreas tissue was even more stark. Moreover, in both mice and humans, stiffness increased in proportion to tumor size, indicating that tuning of mechanical stiffness is an ongoing process during tumor progression. Finally, using a brca2-mutant mouse model of PDA that is sensitive to cisplatin, we found that tissue stiffness decreases when tumors respond successfully to chemotherapy. Consistent with this observation, we found that tumor tissues from patients who had undergone neoadjuvant therapy were less stiff than those of untreated patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings support further development of HMI for clinical applications in disease staging and treatment response assessment in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Payen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul E Oberstein
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Niloufar Saharkhiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carmine F Palermo
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen A Sastra
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alireza Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Irina R Sagalovskiy
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Orelli
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Vilma Rosario
- Division of GI/Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Deborah Desrouilleres
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Helen Remotti
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael D Kluger
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of GI/Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Beth A Schrope
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of GI/Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - John A Chabot
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.,Division of GI/Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alina C Iuga
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York. .,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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