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Yelamanda Rao K, Jeelan Basha S, Monika K, Naidu Gajula N, Sivakumar I, Kumar S, Vadde R, Aramati BMR, Subramanyam R, Damu AG. Development of quinazolinone and vanillin acrylamide hybrids as multi-target directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease and mechanistic insights into their binding with acetylcholinesterase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11148-11165. [PMID: 37098803 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2203255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In view of Multi-Target Directed Ligand (MTDL) approach in treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a series of novel quinazolinone and vanillin cyanoacetamide based acrylamide derivatives (9a-z) were designed, synthesized, and assessed for their activity against a panel of selected AD targets including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), amyloid β protein (Aβ), and also 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and neuroprotective activities. Five of the target analogs 9e, 9h, 9 l, 9t and 9z showed elevated AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.058 ± 0.06, 1.362 ± 0.09, 1.434 ± 0.10, 1.015 ± 0.10, 1.035 ± 0.02 µM respectively, high inhibition selectivity against AChE over BChE and good DPPH radical scavenging activity. Enzyme kinetic studies of the potent hybrids in the series disclosed their mixed inhibition approach. Active analogs were found to be non-toxic on SK-N-SH cell lines and have excellent neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced cell death. Strong modulating affinities on Aβ aggregation process were observed for most active compounds since; they irretrievably interrupted the morphology of Aβ42 fibrils, increased the aggregates and declined the Aβ-induced toxicity in neurons. From the fluorescence emission studies, the binding constants (K) were determined as 2.5 ± 0.021x103, 2.7 ± 0.015x103, 3.7 ± 0.020x103, 2.4 ± 0.013x104, and 5.0 ± 0.033x103 M-1 and binding free energies as -5.82 ± 0.033, -6.07 ± 0.042, -6.26 ± 0.015, -7.71 ± 0.024, and -6.29 ± 0.026 kcal M-1 for complexes of AChE-9e, 9h, 9 l, 9t and 9z, respectively. Moreover, the CD analysis inferred the limited modifications in the AChE secondary structure when it binds to 9e, 9h, 9 l, 9t and 9z. On the basis of docking studies against AChE, the most active congeners were well oriented in the enzyme's active site by interacting with both catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS). In summary, these quinazolinone and vanillin acrylamide hybrid analogs can be used as promising molecular template to further explore their in vivo efficiency in the development of lead compound to treat AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandrakonda Yelamanda Rao
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaik Jeelan Basha
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kallubai Monika
- Department of Biochemistry, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Navya Naidu Gajula
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Irla Sivakumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadde
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amooru Gangaiah Damu
- Bioorganic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Yelamanda Rao K, Jeelan Basha S, Monika K, Sreelakshmi M, Sivakumar I, Mallikarjuna G, Yadav RM, Kumar S, Subramanyam R, Damu AG. Synthesis and anti-Alzheimer potential of novel α-amino phosphonate derivatives and probing their molecular interaction mechanism with acetylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115288. [PMID: 37031527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic interference may be a prerequisite for the efficient limitation of the progression of multi-factorial diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Concept of designing the single chemical entity acting on two or more targets of interest has potential advantage in AD therapy. In line with this, rational design and synthesis of frame work of hybrids bearing 2,3-disubstituted quinazolinone, vanillin and α-amino phosphonate scaffolds (5a─v) were carried out. A congeneric set of twenty-two synthetic derivatives (5a─v) were evaluated for their cholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, DNA nicking, DNA protection, neuroprotective and Aβ aggregation modulatory activities. Amongst tested activities, the most significant and worth mentioning is that the analogues 5m, 5p and 5u were found to be the most potent, selective, and mixed type inhibitors of EeAChE with IC50 values of 0.296 ± 0.030, 0.289 ± 0.027, and 0.306 ± 0.028 μM, respectively. Further, the biophysical approaches indicated that the compounds 5m, 5p, and 5u have a strong binding affinity towards AChE. Kinetic and Molecular docking studies have revealed that the most active congeners were well oriented in the AChE active site by interacting with both catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS). A few parameters derived from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories emphasized the stability of AChE-5p and 5m complexes throughout the 100 ns simulations, and the local conformational changes of the residues of AChE validate the stability of AChE-5p and 5m complexes. Further, these derivatives significantly impacted ABTS radical scavenging capacities and maximal DNA protection activity. Importantly, Thioflavin T (ThT) assay and FE-SEM study demonstrated compounds 5m, 5p and 5u as effective Aβ1-42 fibril modulators at molecular level by the formation of micro size co-assembled mature structures, thus efficiently abolishing the cytotoxicity of Aβ1-42. Finally, these active compounds are determined to be non-toxic and highly neuroprotective against H2O2-induced cell death in SK-N-SH cell lines. Furthermore, in silico ADMET prediction studies have revealed that the targeted analogues satisfied most of the characteristics of CNS acting drugs. These multi-functional efficacies indicated worthiness of these α-amino phosphonate derivatives being chosen for further pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and behavioral research to test their potential for AD treatment.
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Sivakumar I, Swamynathan K, Ram D, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Rubicene, an Unusual Contorted Core for Discotic Liquid Crystals. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200073. [PMID: 35294801 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rubicene, an unusual contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was realized to function as a novel core fragment for discotic liquid crystals. The central π-conjugated motif was prepared from dialkoxyiodobenzene via Sonagashira coupling followed by pentannulation and Scholl cyclodehydrogenation. The synthesized rubicene derivatives were found to be thermally stable and exhibit enantiotropic columnar mesophases. The columnar arrangement of these derivatives has been validated using polarising optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry & small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irla Sivakumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - K Swamynathan
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Dinesh Ram
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter, Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore, 560064, India
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Albert SK, Sivakumar I, Golla M, Thelu HVP, Krishnan N, K L JL, Ashish, Varghese R. DNA-Decorated Two-Dimensional Crystalline Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17799-17802. [PMID: 29232955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of high aspect ratio 2D nanosheets with surface having ultradense array of information-rich molecule such as DNA is extremely challenging. Herein, we report a universal strategy based on amphiphilicity-driven self-assembly for the crafting of high aspect ratio, 2D sheets that are densely surface-decorated with DNA. Microscopy and X-ray analyses have shown that the sheets are crystalline. The most unique feature of the sheets is DNA-directed surface addressability, which is demonstrated through the decoration of either faces of the sheet with gold nanoparticles through sequence-specific DNA hybridization. Our results suggest that this design strategy can be applied as a general approach for the synthesis of DNA decorated high aspect ratio sheets, which may find potential applications in materials science, drug delivery, and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shine K Albert
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Irla Sivakumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Murali Golla
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Hari Veera Prasad Thelu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Nithiyanandan Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Joseph Libin K L
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
| | - Ashish
- Protein Science and Engineering Division, Institute of Microbial Technology , Sector 39-A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Reji Varghese
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram , Trivandrum-695551, Kerala, India
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Sivakumar I, Mohan J, Arunachalam KS, Zankari V. A comparison of the accuracy of three removable die systems and two die materials. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013; 21:115-119. [PMID: 24261103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional shift of three commonly used die systems (Conventional system, Pindex system, Di-Lok tray system) with two commercially available type IV die stones (Ultra rock and Pearl stone). Under controlled conditions, ten casts, each with two removable dies, were constructed for each system for a total of 30 casts and 60 removable dies. Before and after sectioning measurements to within 0.01 mm in horizontal and vertical planes were recorded and differences calculated. Data were analyzed with 't' tests, one way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. The results demonstrated that among the die systems compared, no single system was superior to the others in all respects. But among the die materials, dies poured in Pearl stone exhibited more dimensional changes than Ultra rock (p<0.05). Selection of die material is as critical as selection of any particular die system for successful fabrication of fixed partial denture and implant prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sivakumar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Vishu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India.
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