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Lezcano MF, Martínez-Rodríguez P, Godoy K, Hermosilla J, Acevedo F, Gareis IE, Dias FJ. Exploring Schwann Cell Behavior on Electrospun Polyhydroxybutyrate Scaffolds with Varied Pore Sizes and Fiber Thicknesses: Implications for Neural Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4625. [PMID: 38139877 PMCID: PMC10748293 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The placement of a polymeric electrospun scaffold is among the most promising strategies to improve nerve regeneration after critical neurotmesis. It is of great interest to investigate the effect of these structures on Schwann cells (SCs), as these cells lead nerve regeneration and functional recovery. The aim of this study was to assess SC viability and morphology when cultured on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) electrospun scaffolds with varied microfiber thicknesses and pore sizes. Six electrospun scaffolds were obtained using different PHB solutions and electrospinning parameters. All the scaffolds were morphologically characterized in terms of fiber thickness, pore size, and overall appearance by analyzing their SEM images. SCs seeded onto the scaffolds were analyzed in terms of viability and morphology throughout the culture period through MTT assay and SEM imaging. The SCs were cultured on three scaffolds with homogeneous smooth fibers (fiber thicknesses: 2.4 μm, 3.1 μm, and 4.3 μm; pore sizes: 16.7 μm, 22.4 μm, and 27.8 μm). SC infiltration and adhesion resulted in the formation of a three-dimensional network composed of intertwined fibers and cells. The SCs attached to the scaffolds maintained their characteristic shape and size throughout the culture period. Bigger pores and thicker fibers resulted in higher SC viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Lezcano
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde 3100, Argentina (I.E.G.)
| | - Paulina Martínez-Rodríguez
- Oral Biology Research Centre (CIBO-UFRO), Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Karina Godoy
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Jeyson Hermosilla
- Programa de doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Faculty of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Francisca Acevedo
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Faculty of Medicine, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Iván Emilio Gareis
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde 3100, Argentina (I.E.G.)
| | - Fernando José Dias
- Oral Biology Research Centre (CIBO-UFRO), Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Lopez Marquez A, Gareis IE, Dias FJ, Gerhard C, Lezcano MF. Methods to Characterize Electrospun Scaffold Morphology: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030467. [PMID: 35160457 PMCID: PMC8839183 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun scaffolds can imitate the hierarchical structures present in the extracellular matrix, representing one of the main concerns of modern tissue engineering. They are characterized in order to evaluate their capability to support cells or to provide guidelines for reproducibility. The issues with widely used methods for morphological characterization are discussed in order to provide insight into a desirable methodology for electrospun scaffold characterization. Reported methods include imaging and physical measurements. Characterization methods harbor inherent limitations and benefits, and these are discussed and presented in a comprehensive selection matrix to provide researchers with the adequate tools and insights required to characterize their electrospun scaffolds. It is shown that imaging methods present the most benefits, with drawbacks being limited to required costs and expertise. By making use of more appropriate characterization, researchers will avoid measurements that do not represent their scaffolds and perhaps might discover that they can extract more characteristics from their scaffold at no further cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lopez Marquez
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37085 Gottingen, Germany; (A.L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Iván Emilio Gareis
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde 3100, Argentina;
| | - Fernando José Dias
- Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Christoph Gerhard
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37085 Gottingen, Germany; (A.L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - María Florencia Lezcano
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde 3100, Argentina;
- Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Correspondence:
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Lopez Marquez A, Gareis IE, Dias FJ, Gerhard C, Lezcano MF. How Fiber Surface Topography Affects Interactions between Cells and Electrospun Scaffolds: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010209. [PMID: 35012232 PMCID: PMC8747153 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun scaffolds have a 3D fibrous structure that attempts to imitate the extracellular matrix in order to be able to host cells. It has been reported in the literature that controlling fiber surface topography produces varying results regarding cell–scaffold interactions. This review analyzes the relevant literature concerning in vitro studies to provide a better understanding of the effect that controlling fiber surface topography has on cell–scaffold interactions. A systematic approach following PRISMA, GRADE, PICO, and other standard methodological frameworks for systematic reviews was used. Different topographic interventions and their effects on cell–scaffold interactions were analyzed. Results indicate that nanopores and roughness on fiber surfaces seem to improve proliferation and adhesion of cells. The quality of the evidence is different for each studied cell–scaffold interaction, and for each studied morphological attribute. The evidence points to improvements in cell–scaffold interactions on most morphologically complex fiber surfaces. The discussion includes an in-depth evaluation of the indirectness of the evidence, as well as the potentially involved publication bias. Insights and suggestions about dose-dependency relationship, as well as the effect on particular cell and polymer types, are presented. It is concluded that topographical alterations to the fiber surface should be further studied, since results so far are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lopez Marquez
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37085 Göttingen, Germany; (A.L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Iván Emilio Gareis
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde 3100, Argentina;
| | - Fernando José Dias
- Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Christoph Gerhard
- Faculty of Engineering and Health, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 37085 Göttingen, Germany; (A.L.M.); (C.G.)
| | - María Florencia Lezcano
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde 3100, Argentina;
- Research Centre for Dental Sciences CICO, Department of Integral Adults Dentistry, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Correspondence:
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