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Salum KCR, Rolando JDM, Zembrzuski VM, Carneiro JRI, Mello CB, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bozza PT, Kohlrausch FB, da Fonseca ACP. When Leptin Is Not There: A Review of What Nonsyndromic Monogenic Obesity Cases Tell Us and the Benefits of Exogenous Leptin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:722441. [PMID: 34504472 PMCID: PMC8421737 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.722441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic condition of complex etiology, resulting from the increasing exposition to obesogenic environmental factors combined with genetic susceptibility. In the past two decades, advances in genetic research identified variants of the leptin-melanocortin pathway coding for genes, which are related to the potentiation of satiety and hunger, immune system, and fertility. Here, we review cases of congenital leptin deficiency and the possible beneficial effects of leptin replacement therapy. In summary, the cases presented here show clinical phenotypes of disrupted bodily energy homeostasis, biochemical and hormonal disorders, and abnormal immune response. Some phenotypes can be partially reversed by exogenous administration of leptin. With this review, we aim to contribute to the understanding of leptin gene mutations as targets for obesity diagnostics and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jônatas de Mendonça Rolando
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - João Regis Ivar Carneiro
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cicero Brasileiro Mello
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Barzotto Kohlrausch
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca,
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