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Hefetz I, Einot N, Faerman M, Horowitz M, Almog J. Touch DNA: The effect of the deposition pressure on the quality of latent fingermarks and STR profiles. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 38:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bengiat R, Gil M, Klein A, Bogoslavsky B, Cohen S, Dubnikova F, Yardeni G, Zilbermann I, Almog J. Selective recognition of fluoride salts by vasarenes: a key role of a self-assembled in situ dimeric entity via an exceptionally short [O-H-O](-) H-bond. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8734-9. [PMID: 26804131 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04171f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A self-assembled supramolecular dimeric entity via an exceptionally short (2.404 Å) and strong (22.9 kcal mol(-1)) [O-H-O](-) hydrogen bond is the key to the special reactivity of vasarenes with fluoride salts. Vasarene is a self-assembled, vase-shaped compound, obtained by the reaction between ninhydrin and phloroglucinol. Analogous compounds are prepared by replacing the phloroglucinol with other polyhydroxy aromatics. Vasarenes show special affinity towards compounds of the type M(+)F(-), where M being a large monovalent cation, producing ion-pair-vasarene adducts. The first step in the proposed mechanism is the dissociation of the M(+)F(-) salt releasing F(-) to the solution, which may provide an explanation as to why only MF salts, which include large monovalent cations, undergo this reaction. From a practical point of view, the ease of their preparation and their special affinity towards fluoride salts make vasarenes potential means for salt separation. The readily formed dimeric structure with the very short [O-H-O](-) negative charge-assisted H-bond (-CAHB) can also be further used as a model in theoretical studies of such systems and understanding their role in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bengiat
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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Smolianitski E, Wolf E, Almog J. Proactive forensic science: A novel class of cathinone precursors. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 242:219-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leifer A, Avissar Y, Berger S, Wax H, Donchin Y, Almog J. Detection of firearm imprints on the hands of suspects: effectiveness of PDT reaction. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:1442-6. [PMID: 11715953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyridyldiphenyl triazine (PDT) and three of its analogues were compared as practical reagents for visualizing unseen impressions left on the hands of a person who has held a firearm. The parent compound, PDT, gave the best results using intensity and clarity as measuring criteria. The effectiveness of the PDT reaction was then studied on 147 volunteers who had held firearms in their hands. Identifiable impressions of the metallic parts of the weapons were developed on the hands of 103 volunteers (70%). Results with females were slightly higher than with males, however, the difference was possibly statistically insignificant, and needs further study. Ferroprint and Ferrotrace, 5 commercial preparations that are based on the PDT reaction, have become a part of the professional equipment of every crime scene technician in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leifer
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police National Headquarters, Jerusalem
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Wiesner S, Springer E, Sasson Y, Almog J. Chemical development of latent fingerprints: 1,2-indanedione has come of age. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:1082-4. [PMID: 11569546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The performance of 1,2-indanedione as a latent fingerprint reagent on some types of paper was found to exceed that of DFO, the leading fluorogenic fingerprint reagent. It even exceeds the performance of the sequence, DFO, followed by ninhydrin. No new prints could be observed when ninhydrin was applied after indanedione. On a large number of actual exhibits (used checks) indanedione developed 46% more identifiable prints than the sequence DFO-ninhydrin. A standard procedure for fingerprint development by indanedione is proposed. Best results are obtained with a 0.2% indanedione solution in HFE7100 solvent containing 7% ethyl acetate, but no acetic acid. It can be recommended to start using 1,2-indanedione, which is already commercially available, in actual fingerprint casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wiesner
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Israel Police, National HQ, Jerusalem
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Altstein M, Bronshtein A, Glattstein B, Zeichner A, Tamiri T, Almog J. Immunochemical approaches for purification and detection of TNT traces by antibodies entrapped in a sol-gel matrix. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2461-7. [PMID: 11403286 DOI: 10.1021/ac001376y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive immunochemical method for immunoaffinity purification (IAP) and detection of trace amounts of TNT was developed on the basis of antibodies (Abs) in a ceramic matrix (sol-gel). The study resulted in: (i) a highly sensitive and reproducible TNT ELISA (I50 and I20 values of 0.4 +/- 0.09 ppb and 0.12 +/- 0.03 ppb, respectively; n = 12), which is highly specific to TNT; and (ii) successful entrapment of the Abs that bound free analyte from solution. Binding was found to be highly reproducible, dose dependent, and only slightly (1.2-1.8-fold) lower than that in solution. The entrapped Abs did not leach from the matrix and were tolerant of absolute ethanol, acetone, and acetonitrile. Bound analytes could be easily eluted from the sol-gel matrix at high recoveries. The sol-gel-based IAP method described above introduces a simple one-step procedure that has a high potential to serve as a suitable and convenient immunochromatographic device for cleanup and concentration of TNT from "real field" samples in a manner that complies with both chemical and immunochemical residue analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Altstein
- Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Geller B, Almog J, Margot P. Fingerprint forgery--a survey. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:731-3. [PMID: 11373019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The article describes and analyzes the international survey of fingerprint and laboratory personnel about fingerprint forgery, conducted in four countries during the years 1998 through 1999. The awareness and the attitude of the professionals to the problem of fingerprint forgery was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Geller
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Israel Police National HQ, Jerusalem
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Elber R, Frank A, Almog J. Chemical development of latent fingerprints: computational design of ninhydrin analogues. J Forensic Sci 2000; 45:757-60. [PMID: 10914567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The design of chemical compounds for development of latent fingerprints is explored computationally. Our main findings are: (a) We show why past attempts to improve the widely used ninhydrin gave relatively small improvements (referring to color only). The optical transition is connected with a "transition core" and therefore is influenced little by substitution on the aromatic rings. (b) We propose new analogues of ninhydrin with a significant potential such as thiono derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elber
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
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Almog J, Sears VG, Springer E, Hewlett DF, Walker S, Wiesner S, Lidor R, Bahar E. Reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints: scope and limitations of benzo[f]ninhydrin in comparison to ninhydrin. J Forensic Sci 2000; 45:538-44. [PMID: 10855956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[f]ninhydrin was compared to ninhydrin for fingerprint development on paper. Overall, the performance of ninhydrin on exhibits was slightly better than that of benzo[f]ninhydrin. The significant advantages of the benzo[f]ninhydrin over ninhydrin were the much stronger fluorescence it gave after treatment with zinc salts and a slightly quicker reaction under ambient conditions. This fluorescence is, however, similar to that obtained with other reagents, such as DFO or ninhydrin analogs. These advantages apparently are not sufficient to justify regular usage of benzo[f]ninhydrin, especially when one considers its low solubility and high cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Almog
- Israel Police National H.Q., Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Jerusalem
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Kahana T, Almog J, Levy J, Shmeltzer E, Spier Y, Hiss J. Marine taphonomy: adipocere formation in a series of bodies recovered from a single shipwreck. J Forensic Sci 1999; 44:897-901. [PMID: 10486937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Taphonomy of marine environments has been studied mostly from individual cases. The formation of adipocere, or "grave-wax," is an important indicator of the postmortem interval. In the present paper, the conditions and the timing of adipoceric formation are observed in a series of 15 cadavers recovered at different times, over a period of 433 days, from the same contained environment. Initial foci of adipocere on the subcutaneous tissue of the cadavers were detected as early as 38 days from the time of immersion in cold (10-12 degrees C) sea water. The discrepancies between our findings and previous reports on the correlation between time since death and decomposition stages in marine environments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kahana
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, Jerusalem, Israel
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Migron Y, Hocherman G, Springer E, Almog J, Mandler D. Visualization of sebaceous fingerprints on fired cartridge cases: a laboratory study. J Forensic Sci 1998; 43:543-8. [PMID: 9608689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The visualization and endurance of fingerprints on cartridge cases after the firing process have been examined. Cartridges of M16, AK-47 (Kalashnikov) and Parabellum have been tested. Despite difficulties in visualizing these fingerprints, it was found that in some cartridge cases under laboratory conditions--for instance, on M16 brass cartridges--substantial parts of the fingerprints remain intact after shooting. The careful use of illumination after metal vapor deposition enabled visualization. Different possible mechanisms responsible for the partial destruction of the fingerprints are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Migron
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Ben Yosef N, Almog J, Frank A, Springer E, Cantu AA. Short UV luminescence for forensic applications: design of a real-time observation system for detection of latent fingerprints and body fluids. J Forensic Sci 1998; 43:299-304. [PMID: 9544537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An assembly that allows a pseudo real-time (one second delay) observation of latent fingerprints by their short ultraviolet luminescence was designed. It is composed of a mercury-xenon lamp and a CCD camera, both water-cooled and computer-controlled. The system is used to study the behaviour of latent fingerprints and stains of body fluids such as blood, semen and saliva under short-UV illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ben Yosef
- Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem
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Almog J, Hirshfeld A, Glattstein B, Sterling J, Goren Z. Anal. chim. acta. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Elevation of the ocular pressure in the anterior chamber of the rat eye caused major ischemic damage, manifested as changes in retinal morphology. The two most affected structures were the inner plexiform layer, which decreased in thickness by 90%, and the number of ganglion cells, which decreased by 80%. Pretreatment of the animals with N omega-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide (NOS) inhibitor, almost completely abolished the ischemic damage. Administration of aminoguanidine, a NOS inhibitor selective for the inducible enzyme, partially abolished the ischemic damage. Moreover, administration of the NOS inhibitors 1 h after ischemia, also protected the retina from damage, suggesting that similarly acting drugs could be used clinically to limit ischemic injury in humans. We conclude that NOS, and therefore NO, may be involved in the mechanism of ischemic injury to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Geyer
- Department of Ophtalmology, Surasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
A possible way to circumvent the continuing decline in the number of autopsies is to perform computed tomography after death. The present study compares the pathologic findings of postmortem CT tomography (PMCT) in trauma fatalities with those disclosed upon conventional forensic autopsy. Within 6 hours of death, the bodies of 25 trauma victims underwent total body CT scanning, all with permission of the relatives, followed by conventional autopsy in 13 cases under court order. The pathologist and roentgenologist were unaware of each other's findings. The pathologic findings of PMCT plus conventional autopsy provided more information than either examination alone. Of the total 127 pathologic findings, 44.9% were diagnosed by both conventional autopsy and PMCT, 29.9% were not revealed by PMCT, whereas conventional autopsy missed 25.2%, and PMCT detected more bone injuries than did autopsy, whereas the latter was superior to PMCT in discovering soft-tissue pathologic states. In all, PMCT revealed 70.5% and autopsy 74.8% of the pathologic states. Although PMCT was not more effective than conventional autopsy in exposing pathologic entities, it increased the yield of findings when combined with conventional autopsy. Where conventional autopsy is unattainable, PMCT may be effective in shedding light on the pathologic state and mechanism of death in trauma fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Donchin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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Springer E, Almog J, Frank A, Ziv Z, Bergman P, Qiang WG. Detection of dry body fluids by inherent short wavelength UV luminescence: preliminary results. Forensic Sci Int 1994; 66:89-94. [PMID: 8063277 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(94)90332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dry stains of blood, semen and saliva invisible to the naked eye could be detected by their inherent short wavelength UV luminescence. The source was a frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser, emitting at 266 nm. A plausible explanation for this phenomenon as due to the presence of amino acids in these secretions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Springer
- Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Jerusalem, Israel
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Almog J, Brauner P. Semen fingerprint. Forensic Sci Int 1992; 54:103-4. [PMID: 1618451 DOI: 10.1016/0379-0738(92)90085-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Almog J, Hirshfeld A, Klug JT. Reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints: synthesis and properties of some ninhydrin analogues. J Forensic Sci 1982; 27:912-7. [PMID: 7175471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to design new reagents for the chemical development of latent fingerprints, a number of ninhydrin analogues were synthesized and their reactions with latent fingerprints on paper were studied. The ring-fused and substituted ninhydrins developed latent fingerprints with a sensitivity similar to that of ninhydrin. The most promising of the group was 2,2-dihydroxybenz[f]indane-1,3-dione, which developed latent fingerprints as dark green images with excellent resolution.
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Almog J, Gabay A. Chemical reagents for the development of latent fingerprints. III: Visualization of latent fingerprints by fluorescent reagents in vapor phase. J Forensic Sci 1980; 25:408-10. [PMID: 7391800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of certain fluorescing vapor-phase chemicals for the development of latent fingerprints is described. Some advantages of these chemicals over other methods that use fluorescers are discussed.
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Almog J, Baldwin JE, Dyer RL, Huff J, Wilkerson CJ. Reversible binding of dioxygen to mesoporphyrin IX derivatives at low temperatures. J Am Chem Soc 1974; 96:5600-1. [PMID: 4854146 DOI: 10.1021/ja00824a063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Almog J, Bergmann E. Mesomerism in N,N-dialkyl-N(heteroaryl)amines. Tetrahedron 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)97001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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