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Hu JX, Karamshuk S, Gorbaciova J, Ye HQ, Lu H, Zhang YP, Zheng YX, Liang X, Hernández I, Wyatt PB, Gillin WP. High sensitization efficiency and energy transfer routes for population inversion at low pump intensity in Er organic complexes for IR amplification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3226. [PMID: 29459795 PMCID: PMC5818663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic erbium complexes have long been of interest due to their potential for using the strong absorption into the organic to sensitise the erbium emission. Despite this interest there is remarkably little quantitative information on how effective the approach is and the discussion of the energy transfer mechanism is generally vague. Here we accurately quantify the sensitisation as a function of excitation pump density and model it using a rate equation approach. As a result, we can calculate the degree of population inversion for the erbium ions as a function of the pump intensity. We demonstrate that even when we increase the erbium concentration in the films from ~10 to ~80% we find a relatively small decrease in the sensitisation which we attribute to the large (>20 Å) Förster radius for the sensitisation process. We show that we can obtain population inversion in our films at very low pump powers ~600 mW/cm2. The calculated Förster radius for the organic erbium complexes suggests design rules for energy transfer between antennas and erbium ions in molecular systems and hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Hu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - S Karamshuk
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - J Gorbaciova
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - H Q Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - H Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, SIST, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Y P Zhang
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Y X Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - X Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - I Hernández
- Dpto. CITIMAC, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - P B Wyatt
- Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - W P Gillin
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
- Materials Research Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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