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Wisel SA, Gardner JM, Roll GR, Harbell J, Freise CE, Feng S, Kang SM, Hirose R, Kaufman DB, Posselt A, Stock PG. Pancreas-After-Islet Transplantation in Nonuremic Type 1 Diabetes: A Strategy for Restoring Durable Insulin Independence. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2444-2450. [PMID: 28489277 PMCID: PMC5573612 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation offers a minimally invasive approach for β cell replacement in diabetic patients with hypoglycemic unawareness. Attempts at insulin independence may require multiple islet reinfusions from distinct donors, increasing the risk of allogeneic sensitization. Currently, solid organ pancreas transplant is the only remaining surgical option following failed islet transplantation in the United States; however, the immunologic impact of repeated exposure to donor antigens on subsequent pancreas transplantation is unclear. We describe a case series of seven patients undergoing solid organ pancreas transplant following islet graft failure with long-term follow-up of pancreatic graft survival and renal function. Despite highly variable panel reactive antibody levels prior to pancreas transplant (mean 27 ± 35%), all seven patients achieved stable and durable insulin independence with a mean follow-up of 6.7 years. Mean hemoglobin A1c values improved significantly from postislet, prepancreas levels (mean 8.1 ± 1.5%) to postpancreas levels (mean 5.3 ± 0.1%; p = 0.0022). Three patients experienced acute rejection episodes that were successfully managed with thymoglobulin and methylprednisolone, and none of these preuremic type 1 diabetic recipients developed stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease postoperatively. These results support pancreas-after-islet transplantation with aggressive immunosuppression and protocol biopsies as a viable strategy to restore insulin independence after islet graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- SA Wisel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - JM Gardner
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - GR Roll
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - J Harbell
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - CE Freise
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - S Feng
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - SM Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - R Hirose
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - DB Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI, United States
| | - A Posselt
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - PG Stock
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, United States
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Harbell J, Nissen N, Olthoff K, Florman S, Hanto D, Light J, Bartlett S, Tzakis A, Pearson T, Barin B, Fung J, Stock P. Surgical Complications in 275 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Liver and/or Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Cooper KJ, Earl LK, Harbell J, Raabe H. Prediction of ocular irritancy of prototype shampoo formulations by the isolated rabbit eye (IRE) test and bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2001; 15:95-103. [PMID: 11287169 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(00)00060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The isolated rabbit eye (IRE) test and bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay were evaluated for their ability to predict the eye irritation potential of a range of hair shampoo formulations, some containing a novel non-surfactant ingredient known to be an ocular irritant. The additional endpoints of corneal swelling and histological examination were incorporated into the standard BCOP protocol. Historic Draize data were available for several of the formulations and served as a reference. The standard BCOP assay (without histology) failed to distinguish between shampoos of low and high irritant potential, when exposure times of 10 and 60 min were employed (for undiluted and 10% dilution of the shampoos, respectively) and the in vitro score classified the majority of formulations as mild. The incorporation of the histological endpoint to the BCOP protocol allowed discrimination between formulations of differing irritancy, and should be included to augment the standard BCOP protocol. Corneal swelling values did not, however, correlate with the irritant potential of the shampoos tested. The IRE which includes the endpoints of corneal swelling and histopathological scoring produced classifications of irritancy that were fairly consistent with in vivo data and distinguished between the high and low irritant potential shampoos.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cooper
- Safety and Environment Assurance Centre, Toxicology Unit, Unilever Research, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedfordshire, UK.
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