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Lambourne T, Minard LV, Deal H, Pitman J, Rolle M, Saulnier D, Houlihan J. Optimizing Patient Education of Oncology Medications: A Patient Perspective. J Cancer Educ 2019; 34:1024-1030. [PMID: 30074227 PMCID: PMC6785581 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-018-1406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The medication information needs of patients with cancer have been primarily studied using quantitative methods and little qualitative research on this topic exists. The purpose of this study was to explore patients' perspectives of optimal oncology medication education provided to patients at the Nova Scotia Health Authority (NSHA). Adult (≥ 18 years) outpatients in medical, gynecological and hematology oncology at NSHA were invited to participate in focus groups, which were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically. Three focus groups, including 21 outpatients, were conducted. Four major themes were identified: (1) preparing for what lies ahead consisted of: readiness to receive information, anxiety over the unknown, setting expectations and patients supporting one another; (2) bridging the information gaps was made up of gap in provision of patient education, gap in continuity of patient education, and gap in trustworthy information; (3) understanding the education needs of the patients was comprised of sources of information, education timing and setting, prioritizing information needs, and individuality; and (4) experience within the health care system encompassed: interactions with health care professionals, willingness to ask questions, patient satisfaction, and financial implications. This study identified previously unknown patient education needs and also supported ideas reported in the literature. This data will guide the strategies that will be used to optimize the delivery of oncology medication education at our facility and other health care institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lambourne
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax Infirmary Site, 1796 Summer St., Halifax, N.S., B3H 3A7, Canada.
| | - L V Minard
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Victoria General Site, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, N.S., B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - H Deal
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, N.S., B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - J Pitman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, N.S., B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - M Rolle
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Victoria General Site, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, N.S., B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - D Saulnier
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Victoria General Site, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, N.S., B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - J Houlihan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Victoria General Site, 1276 South Park St., Halifax, N.S., B3H 2Y9, Canada
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Fitzpatrick F, Skally M, O'Hanlon C, Foley M, Houlihan J, Gaughan L, Smith O, Moore B, Cunneen S, Sweeney E, Dinesh B, O'Connell K, Smyth E, Humphreys H, Burns K. Food for thought. Malnutrition risk associated with increased risk of healthcare-associated infection. J Hosp Infect 2018; 101:300-304. [PMID: 30590089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection and malnutrition are interconnected. UK and Irish guidelines recommend the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) for nutritional risk screening. Patients with a MUST score of ≥2 are considered at high risk of malnutrition and referral for nutritional assessment is recommended. AIM To explore the association between healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) and the MUST score categories of patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in May 2017 on ten representative wards in our institution. Patient demographics, MUST score, presence of medical devices, HCAI and antimicrobial use were collected. FINDINGS Of 240 patients, the HCAI prevalence was 10.4% (N = 25) and 26% (N = 63) were at high risk of malnutrition (MUST score ≥2). Patients with HCAI were more likely to have had surgery (odds ratio (OR): 5.5; confidence interval (CI): 2.1-14.3; P < 0.001), a central vascular catheter (OR: 10.0; CI: 3.6-27.2; P < 0.001), or a urinary catheter in situ (OR: 7.5; CI: 2.8-20.0; P < 0.001), and to have a high risk of malnutrition (OR: 4.3; CI: 1.7-11.2; P < 0.001). A higher MUST score remained a significant predictor of a patient having HCAI on multivariate regression analysis (CI: 0.2-0.6; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients at risk of malnutrition when assessed with the MUST were more likely to have HCAI. However, prospective studies are required to investigate the temporal association between MUST and HCAI and which interventions best address malnutrition risk and HCAI reduction in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fitzpatrick
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - M Skally
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Hanlon
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Foley
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Houlihan
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Gaughan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - O Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Moore
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Cunneen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Sweeney
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Dinesh
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Smyth
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Humphreys
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Burns
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Oo T, Hege A, Brewer D, Gamboa L, Hildesheim L, Serra L, Houlihan J, Stephenson T. Sustainable Approaches to Fighting Hunger: Development and Evaluation of an Innovative Gleaning and Nutrition Education Program Among Food Insecure Children in Lexington, Kentucky. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Goulding D, Melnik S, Curtin D, Piwonski T, Houlihan J, Gleeson JP, Huyet G. Kramers' law for a bistable system with time-delayed noise. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:031128. [PMID: 17930220 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the classical Kramers' escape problem can be extended to describe a bistable system under the influence of noise consisting of the superposition of a white Gaussian noise with the same noise delayed by time tau . The distribution of times between two consecutive switches decays piecewise exponentially, and the switching rates for 0<t<tau and tau<t<2tau are calculated analytically using the Langevin equation. These rates are different since, for the particles remaining in one well for longer than tau, the delayed noise acquires a nonzero mean value and becomes negatively autocorrelated. To account for these effects we define an effective potential and an effective diffusion coefficient of the delayed noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goulding
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
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5
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Curtin D, Hegarty SP, Goulding D, Houlihan J, Busch T, Masoller C, Huyet G. Distribution of residence times in bistable noisy systems with time-delayed feedback. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 70:031103. [PMID: 15524502 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.031103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We analyze theoretically and experimentally the residence time distribution of bistable systems in the presence of noise and time-delayed feedback. We explain various nonexponential features of the residence time distribution using a two-state model and obtain a quantitative agreement with an experiment based on a Schmitt trigger. The limitations of the two-state model are also analyzed theoretically and experimentally using a semiconductor laser with optoelectronic feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Curtin
- Physics Department, National University of Ireland, University College, Cork, Ireland
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6
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Houlihan J, Goulding D, Busch T, Masoller C, Huyet G. Experimental investigation of a bistable system in the presence of noise and delay. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:050601. [PMID: 14995292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally analyze the behavior of a non-Markovian bistable system with noise, using a vertical cavity surface emitting laser with time-delayed optoelectronic feedback. The effects of the delayed feedback are observed in the probability distribution of the residence times of the two orthogonal polarization states, and in the polarization-resolved power spectrum. They agree well with recent theoretical predictions based on a two-state model with transition rates depending on an earlier state of the system. We also observe experimentally and explain theoretically that the residence time probability distribution deviates from exponential decay for residence times close to (and smaller than) the delay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Houlihan
- Physics Department, National University of Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Houlihan J, O'Callaghan JR, Voignier V, Huyet G, McInerney JG, Corbett B. Experimental observation of traveling waves in the transverse section of a laser. Opt Lett 2001; 26:1556-1558. [PMID: 18049661 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.001556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The selection of a transverse traveling wave by an inhomogeneous pump profile has been experimentally observed in a class B laser structure. The laser structure consisted of a wide-aperture edge-emitting laser diode operating in pulsed mode to avoid thermal guiding effects. The injection current's profile was modified from the usual top-hat configuration to a Lorentzian-like profile by the inclusion of a 10-mum p-type expitaxial spreading layer. Spatial dependance of the far field on the near field was observed. The same behavior is also demonstrated numerically by use of Maxwell-Bloch equations for semiconductor lasers.
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8
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Beardslee WR, Powers S, Hauser ST, Houlihan J, Jacobson AM, Noam GG, Macias E, Hopfenbeck J. Adaptation in adolescence: the influence of time and severe psychiatric disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990; 29:429-39. [PMID: 2347841 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199005000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the development of adaptive processes in two groups of adolescents assessed initially and 2 years later with clinical research interviews. Students from a public high school (N = 44) and inpatients on an adolescent psychiatric ward (N = 51) formed the two subject groups. The psychiatrically hospitalized group had significantly improved scores after a 2-year interval on four of six adaptive process Summary Scales: Task Orientation, Relatedness, Self Knowledge, and Inner Synthetic Functions. However, these higher scores did not reach the levels of the high school group at either point of assessment. The scores in the high school group remained stable over time except for an increase in the area of Self Knowledge. The value of this interview-derived assessment, in comparison to other forms of measurement, is discussed, and consideration is given to factors which contribute to the differences between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Beardslee
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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9
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Labeta MO, Fernandez N, Reyes A, Ferrara P, Marelli O, Le Roy E, Houlihan J, Festenstein H. Biochemical analysis of a novel H-2 class I-like glycoprotein expressed in five AKR-(Gross virus) derived spontaneous T cell leukemias. J Immunol 1989; 143:1245-53. [PMID: 2473124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The H-2 class I Ag profiles of five spontaneous AKR (H-2K) Gross virus leukemic cell lines were analyzed. A novel H-2 class I, "alloantigen"-like glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated and isolated from all the tumor cell lines using an H-2Dd-specific mAb 35-5-8. The novel Ag was also recognized in vitro by anti-H-2Dd-specific CTL. In addition, DNA from all the thymomas, but not the DNA from normal adult AKR thymic cells showed a transcribed gene detectable with an H-2Dd-specific oligonucleotide probe. The molecular profile of the novel antigen was further studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed by a computer based image analyzer system and reverse-phase HPLC tryptic peptide mapping. Its molecular pattern was different from the syngeneic H-2Kk, H-2Dk, and the allogeneic H-2Dd gene products. The two-dimensional gel pattern of the novel H-2 class I molecule had a different overall structure reflected in isoelectric point, number, and distribution of polypeptide spots. The tryptic peptide map analysis showed six peaks exclusively identified with the novel Ag. The calculated degree of homology with the corresponding H-2Dd, H-Dk, and H-Kk peptides was 41, 56, and 51%, respectively. In addition, an unusual cell surface distribution of the novel Ag was observed in most of the leukemic lines. The removal of sialic acid residues by neuraminidase treatment facilitated the detection of the allodeterminants by anti-H-2Dd-specific mAb and CTL. Furthermore, we showed that in one AKR tumor line, 424, there is a close association of the novel Ag with the syngeneic class I molecules. Prior preclearance of the syngeneic class I molecules revealed the presence of the H-2Dd-like allospecificity. The genetic and molecular relationship between the expression of this novel class I-like glycoprotein and the recently sequenced Q5 gene is under current investigation.
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MESH Headings
- AKR murine leukemia virus/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Blotting, Northern
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Epitopes/immunology
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/isolation & purification
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/isolation & purification
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/immunology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Peptide Mapping
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Trypsin
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Labeta
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
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10
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Labeta MO, Fernandez N, Reyes A, Ferrara P, Marelli O, Le Roy E, Houlihan J, Festenstein H. Biochemical analysis of a novel H-2 class I-like glycoprotein expressed in five AKR-(Gross virus) derived spontaneous T cell leukemias. The Journal of Immunology 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.143.4.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The H-2 class I Ag profiles of five spontaneous AKR (H-2K) Gross virus leukemic cell lines were analyzed. A novel H-2 class I, "alloantigen"-like glycoprotein was immunoprecipitated and isolated from all the tumor cell lines using an H-2Dd-specific mAb 35-5-8. The novel Ag was also recognized in vitro by anti-H-2Dd-specific CTL. In addition, DNA from all the thymomas, but not the DNA from normal adult AKR thymic cells showed a transcribed gene detectable with an H-2Dd-specific oligonucleotide probe. The molecular profile of the novel antigen was further studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed by a computer based image analyzer system and reverse-phase HPLC tryptic peptide mapping. Its molecular pattern was different from the syngeneic H-2Kk, H-2Dk, and the allogeneic H-2Dd gene products. The two-dimensional gel pattern of the novel H-2 class I molecule had a different overall structure reflected in isoelectric point, number, and distribution of polypeptide spots. The tryptic peptide map analysis showed six peaks exclusively identified with the novel Ag. The calculated degree of homology with the corresponding H-2Dd, H-Dk, and H-Kk peptides was 41, 56, and 51%, respectively. In addition, an unusual cell surface distribution of the novel Ag was observed in most of the leukemic lines. The removal of sialic acid residues by neuraminidase treatment facilitated the detection of the allodeterminants by anti-H-2Dd-specific mAb and CTL. Furthermore, we showed that in one AKR tumor line, 424, there is a close association of the novel Ag with the syngeneic class I molecules. Prior preclearance of the syngeneic class I molecules revealed the presence of the H-2Dd-like allospecificity. The genetic and molecular relationship between the expression of this novel class I-like glycoprotein and the recently sequenced Q5 gene is under current investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Labeta
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | - N Fernandez
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | - A Reyes
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | - P Ferrara
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | - O Marelli
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | - E Le Roy
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | - J Houlihan
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
| | - H Festenstein
- Department of Immunology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
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Hauser ST, Houlihan J, Powers SI, Jacobson AM, Noam G, Weiss-Perry B, Follansbee D. Interaction sequences in families of psychiatrically hospitalized and nonpatient adolescents. Psychiatry 1987; 50:308-19. [PMID: 3423157 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.1987.11024363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A KEY theme running through competing views of family influences upon adolescent development is that of directionality, on two levels: influences within the flow of family interaction; and influences from family processes to individual adolescent development. In this paper our focus is upon the first level, intrafamilial sequences within families. More specifically, we study links between psychiatric impairment in adolescence and developmentally relevant parent-child and parent-parent sequences. This report extends a previous investigation (Hauser et al. 1984), which described our new family coding system and first correlational findings. We now study the flow of interactions within these families. Although there has been much recent empirical research in adolescent psychosocial development (e.g., Redmore and Loevinger 1979; Loevinger 1976; Adams and Fitch 1982; Hauser et al. 1984), one important area has received less attention--the relationship between developmentally relevant family processes and psychiatric disturbance during adolescence.
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12
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Jacobson AM, Hauser ST, Wolfsdorf JI, Houlihan J, Milley JE, Herskowitz RD, Wertlieb D, Watt E. Psychologic predictors of compliance in children with recent onset of diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr 1987; 110:805-11. [PMID: 3572636 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A group of 57 children with recent onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was studied over 18 months. Compliance with the prescribed diabetic treatment deteriorated over this period. Adolescents (aged 13 to 15 years) were less compliant than preadolescents (aged 9 to 12 years). Initial patient reports of self-esteem, perceived competence, social functioning, behavioral symptoms, and their adjustment to diabetes predicted subsequent compliance behaviors. The findings highlight the linkage of child personality and adjustment with self-care of diabetes, and suggest that psychosocial assessment soon after diabetes is diagnosed may help identify patients at risk for later compliance problems.
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13
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Jacobson AM, Beardslee W, Hauser ST, Noam GG, Powers SI, Houlihan J, Rider E. Evaluating ego defense mechanisms using clinical interviews: an empirical study of adolescent diabetic and psychiatric patients. J Adolesc 1986; 9:303-19. [PMID: 3805435 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-1971(86)80038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ego defense mechanisms were studied in three groups of early adolescents: diabetic patients, non-psychotic psychiatric patients, and healthy high school students. Defenses were assessed from ratings of open-ended, in-depth interviews. High levels of denial and low levels of asceticism were found in all three groups. Comparisons between groups indicated that psychiatric patients had a distinctive profile of defense usage, in comparison to adolescents from the other two groups. An independent measure of ego development was positively correlated with the defenses of altruism, intellectualization, and suppression, while it was negatively correlated with acting out, avoidance, denial, displacement, projection, and repression. The findings of substantial differences in defense usage between the psychiatric and non-psychiatric samples, and the size and directions of the correlations with ego development level, lend support to the validity of the defense codes.
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14
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Fernandez N, Festenstein H, Alonzo A, Biro PA, Labeta M, Carolan E, Houlihan J, Mellor A, Flavell R. The expression of murine Qa region gene product(s) in L cell transformants. J Immunogenet 1986; 13:425-35. [PMID: 3624883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1986.tb01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cosmid H3.5, containing genes mapping to the murine H-2 Qa region, was used to transfect L cells by the calcium phosphate co-precipitation method. The resultant transfected cells expressed a Qa-like determinant as detected by an immune serum raised against the transfectant cells and Qa specific monoclonal antibodies. Two-dimensional gel analysis revealed the expression of a class I-like heavy chain with a similar molecular mass to the Qa2 antigens of the positive strain B10 and B10.A but with a different isoelectric point. The cosmid H3.5 spans 40 kb of DNA and contains at least one complete Qa region gene which encodes the Qa-like determinant detected in this study.
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Hauser ST, Jacobson AM, Wertlieb D, Weiss-Perry B, Follansbee D, Wolfsdorf JI, Herskowitz RD, Houlihan J, Rajapark DC. Children with recently diagnosed diabetes: Interactions within their families. Health Psychol 1986; 5:273-96. [PMID: 3743532 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.5.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional findings drawn from the first year of a 4-year longitudinal study of preadolescent and early adolescent insulin-dependent diabetics and their families are presented. Using direct observation techniques and a specially designed coding system, the family interactions of 56 families with a recently diagnosed diabetic child are compared with those of 49 families with a child of similar age and sex, who has had a recent, serious acute illness. The two samples are contrasted in terms of each family member's (mother, father, and child) enabling and constraining interactions, controlling for social class differences. The findings reveal that the diabetic children and their parents expressed significantly more enabling (e.g., focusing, problem solving, active understanding) speeches than comparable members of the acute illness group. In addition, there are indications of particular constraining interactions (devaluing) occurring between fathers and diabetic children. Several alternative interpretations are offered to account for these results, together with plans for future research directions to investigate these hypothesized explanations.
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16
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Hauser ST, Jacobson AM, Wertlieb D, Weiss-Perry B, Follansbee D, Wolfsdorf JI, Herskowitz RD, Houlihan J, Rajapark DC. Children with recently diagnosed diabetes: interactions within their families. Health Psychol 1986. [PMID: 3743532 DOI: 10.1037//0278-6133.5.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional findings drawn from the first year of a 4-year longitudinal study of preadolescent and early adolescent insulin-dependent diabetics and their families are presented. Using direct observation techniques and a specially designed coding system, the family interactions of 56 families with a recently diagnosed diabetic child are compared with those of 49 families with a child of similar age and sex, who has had a recent, serious acute illness. The two samples are contrasted in terms of each family member's (mother, father, and child) enabling and constraining interactions, controlling for social class differences. The findings reveal that the diabetic children and their parents expressed significantly more enabling (e.g., focusing, problem solving, active understanding) speeches than comparable members of the acute illness group. In addition, there are indications of particular constraining interactions (devaluing) occurring between fathers and diabetic children. Several alternative interpretations are offered to account for these results, together with plans for future research directions to investigate these hypothesized explanations.
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