1
|
Byrne B, Liu J, Bloom AA, Bowman KW, Butterfield Z, Joiner J, Keenan TF, Keppel‐Aleks G, Parazoo NC, Yin Y. Contrasting Regional Carbon Cycle Responses to Seasonal Climate Anomalies Across the East-West Divide of Temperate North America. Global Biogeochem Cycles 2020; 34:e2020GB006598. [PMID: 33281280 PMCID: PMC7685151 DOI: 10.1029/2020gb006598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Across temperate North America, interannual variability (IAV) in gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and their relationship with environmental drivers are poorly understood. Here, we examine IAV in GPP and NEE and their relationship to environmental drivers using two state-of-the-science flux products: NEE constrained by surface and space-based atmospheric CO2 measurements over 2010-2015 and satellite up-scaled GPP from FluxSat over 2001-2017. We show that the arid western half of temperate North America provides a larger contribution to IAV in GPP (104% of east) and NEE (127% of east) than the eastern half, in spite of smaller magnitude of annual mean GPP and NEE. This occurs because anomalies in western ecosystems are temporally coherent across the growing season leading to an amplification of GPP and NEE. In contrast, IAV in GPP and NEE in eastern ecosystems is dominated by seasonal compensation effects, associated with opposite responses to temperature anomalies in spring and summer. Terrestrial biosphere models in the MsTMIP ensemble generally capture these differences between eastern and western temperate North America, although there is considerable spread between models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Byrne
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - J. Liu
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - A. A. Bloom
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - K. W. Bowman
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
| | - Z. Butterfield
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - J. Joiner
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry and DynamicsNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - T. F. Keenan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - G. Keppel‐Aleks
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - N. C. Parazoo
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Y. Yin
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zoogman P, Liu X, Suleiman RM, Pennington WF, Flittner DE, Al-Saadi JA, Hilton BB, Nicks DK, Newchurch MJ, Carr JL, Janz SJ, Andraschko MR, Arola A, Baker BD, Canova BP, Chan Miller C, Cohen RC, Davis JE, Dussault ME, Edwards DP, Fishman J, Ghulam A, González Abad G, Grutter M, Herman JR, Houck J, Jacob DJ, Joiner J, Kerridge BJ, Kim J, Krotkov NA, Lamsal L, Li C, Lindfors A, Martin RV, McElroy CT, McLinden C, Natraj V, Neil DO, Nowlan CR, O'Sullivan EJ, Palmer PI, Pierce RB, Pippin MR, Saiz-Lopez A, Spurr RJD, Szykman JJ, Torres O, Veefkind JP, Veihelmann B, Wang H, Wang J, Chance K. Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO). J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf 2017; 186:17-39. [PMID: 32817995 PMCID: PMC7430511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TEMPO was selected in 2012 by NASA as the first Earth Venture Instrument, for launch between 2018 and 2021. It will measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from space using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. TEMPO observes from Mexico City, Cuba, and the Bahamas to the Canadian oil sands, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, hourly and at high spatial resolution (~2.1 km N/S×4.4 km E/W at 36.5°N, 100°W). TEMPO provides a tropospheric measurement suite that includes the key elements of tropospheric air pollution chemistry, as well as contributing to carbon cycle knowledge. Measurements are made hourly from geostationary (GEO) orbit, to capture the high variability present in the diurnal cycle of emissions and chemistry that are unobservable from current low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that measure once per day. The small product spatial footprint resolves pollution sources at sub-urban scale. Together, this temporal and spatial resolution improves emission inventories, monitors population exposure, and enables effective emission-control strategies. TEMPO takes advantage of a commercial GEO host spacecraft to provide a modest cost mission that measures the spectra required to retrieve ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (H2CO), glyoxal (C2H2O2), bromine monoxide (BrO), IO (iodine monoxide),water vapor, aerosols, cloud parameters, ultraviolet radiation, and foliage properties. TEMPO thus measures the major elements, directly or by proxy, in the tropospheric O3 chemistry cycle. Multi-spectral observations provide sensitivity to O3 in the lowermost troposphere, substantially reducing uncertainty in air quality predictions. TEMPO quantifies and tracks the evolution of aerosol loading. It provides these near-real-time air quality products that will be made publicly available. TEMPO will launch at a prime time to be the North American component of the global geostationary constellation of pollution monitoring together with the European Sentinel-4 (S4) and Korean Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Zoogman
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | - X Liu
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S J Janz
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | - A Arola
- Finnish Meteorological Institute
| | | | | | | | - R C Cohen
- University of California at Berkeley
| | - J E Davis
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Grutter
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
| | - J R Herman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | - J Houck
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | - J Joiner
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | | | | | - L Lamsal
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- GESTAR, University Space Research Association
| | - C Li
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County
| | | | - R V Martin
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Dalhousie University
| | | | | | | | | | - C R Nowlan
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | | | - R B Pierce
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| | | | - A Saiz-Lopez
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Spain
| | | | | | - O Torres
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
| | | | | | - H Wang
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| | | | - K Chance
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le Marshall J, Jung J, Derber J, Treadon R, Lord SJ, Goldberg M, Wolf W, Liu HC, Joiner J, Woollen J, Todling R, Gelaro R. Impact of atmospheric infrared sounder observations on weather forecasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2005eo110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
4
|
Rimmer RB, Pressman M, Joiner J, Winchester S, Foster KN, Caruso DM. The effectiveness of a culturally sensitive burn and fire prevention program designed for inner city school students and parents. Inj Prev 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
5
|
O'Byrne G, Martin RV, van Donkelaar A, Joiner J, Celarier EA. Surface reflectivity from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to eliminate clouds: Effects of snow on ultraviolet and visible trace gas retrievals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Sneep M, de Haan JF, Stammes P, Wang P, Vanbauce C, Joiner J, Vasilkov AP, Levelt PF. Three-way comparison between OMI and PARASOL cloud pressure products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Garand L, Turner DS, Larocque M, Bates J, Boukabara S, Brunel P, Chevallier F, Deblonde G, Engelen R, Hollingshead M, Jackson D, Jedlovec G, Joiner J, Kleespies T, McKague DS, McMillin L, Moncet JL, Pardo JR, Rayer PJ, Salathe E, Saunders R, Scott NA, Van Delst P, Woolf H. Radiance and Jacobian intercomparison of radiative transfer models applied to HIRS and AMSU channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
9
|
Dooley TP, Haldeman-Cahill R, Joiner J, Wilborn TW. Expression profiling of human sulfotransferase and sulfatase gene superfamilies in epithelial tissues and cultured cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 277:236-45. [PMID: 11027669 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of drugs administered topically or orally depends on their metabolism by epithelial enzymes such as the cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULT). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods were established to detect expression of 8 SULT genes and 4 arylsulfatase (ARS) genes in human tissues of epithelial origin and in cultures of normal and transformed (cancer) cells. The results indicate: (i) SULT 1A1, 1A3, ARSC, and ARSD genes are ubiquitously expressed; (ii) expression is frequently similar between cell lines and corresponding tissues; (iii) SULT gene expression in normal cultured cells is generally comparable to the expression in associated transformed (cancer) cell lines; (iv) SULT 1A1 promoter usage is mainly tissue specific; however, both promoters are frequently used in SULT 1A3 expression; and (v) the expression profile of SULT 1A1, 1A3, 1E1, and 2B1a/b suggests that one or more of these isoforms may be involved in the cutaneous sulfoconjugation of minoxidil and cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Dooley
- IntegriDerm, Inc., 2130 Memorial Parkway, South West, Huntsville, Alabama, 35801, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chauhan SP, West DJ, Scardo JA, Boyd JM, Joiner J, Hendrix NW. Antepartum detection of macrosomic fetus: clinical versus sonographic, including soft-tissue measurements. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95:639-42. [PMID: 10775720 DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinical and sonographic estimates of birth weights with five new estimation techniques that involve measurements of soft tissue, for identifying newborns with birth weights of at least 4000 g. METHODS Over 1 year, each woman at or after 36 weeks' gestation and suspected of having a macrosomic fetus had clinical and sonographic estimates of fetal weight (EFW) based on femur length (FL) and head and abdominal circumference, followed by five additional ways to identify excessive growth: cheek-to-cheek diameter, thigh soft tissue, ratio of thigh soft tissue to FL, upper arm subcutaneous tissue, and EFW derived from it. Areas (+/- standard error) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated and compared with the area under the nondiagnostic line. P <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among 100 women recruited, 28 newborns weighed 4000 g or more. The areas under the ROC curves with clinical (0.72 +/- 0.06) and sonographic predictions using biometric characteristics (0.73 +/- 0.06) had the highest but similar accuracies (P.05). Three of the five newer methods (upper arm or thigh subcutaneous tissue and ratio of thigh subcutaneous tissue to FL) were poor diagnostic tests (range of areas under ROC 0.52 +/- 0.06 to 0.58 +/- 0.07). Estimated fetal weight based on upper arm soft tissue thickness and cheek-to-cheek diameter (areas 0.70 +/- 0.06 and 0.67 +/- 0.06, respectively) were not significantly better than clinical predictions (P.05) for detecting macrosomic fetuses. About 110 macrosomic and nonmacrosomic infants combined would be needed to have 80% power to detect a difference between ROC curves with areas of 0.58 (thigh subcutaneous tissue) and 0.72 (clinical estimate). CONCLUSION ROC curves indicated that measurements of soft tissue are not superior to clinical or sonographic predictions in identifying fetuses with weights of at least 4000 g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Chauhan
- Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Joiner J, Lee HT, Strow LL, Bhartia PK, Hannon S, Miller AJ, Rokke L. Radiative transfer in the 9.6 μm HIRS ozone channel using collocated SBUV-determined ozone abundances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
Joiner J, Bhartia PK, Cebula RP, Hilsenrath E, McPeters RD, Park H. Rotational Raman scattering (Ring effect) in satellite backscatter ultraviolet measurements. Appl Opt 1995; 34:4513-4525. [PMID: 21052284 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.004513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A detailed radiative transfer calculation has been carried out to estimate the effects of rotational Raman scattering (RRS) on satellite measurements of backscattered ultraviolet radiation. Raman-scattered light is shifted in frequency from the incident light, which causes filling in of solar Fraunhofer lines in the observed backscattered spectrum (also known as the Ring effect). The magnitude of the rotational Raman scattering filling in is a function of wavelength, solar zenith angle, surface reflectance, surface pressure, and instrument spectral resolution. The filling in predicted by our model is found to be in agreement with observations from the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer and the Nimbus-7 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer.
Collapse
|
15
|
Joiner J, Bhartia PK. The determination of cloud pressures from rotational Raman scattering in satellite backscatter ultraviolet measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
16
|
Pesotan H, Raktoe B, Joiner J. On invariance and randomization under factor permutation in fractional factorial designs. J Stat Plan Inference 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-3758(83)90039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Joiner J, Raktoe B, Federer W. On sum composition of fractional factorial designs. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 1980. [DOI: 10.1080/03610928008828003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|