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Vaughan MW, Karayan AI, Srivastava A, Mansoor B, Seitz JM, Eifler R, Karaman I, Castaneda H, Maier HJ. The effects of severe plastic deformation on the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of a bioresorbable Mg-ZKQX6000 alloy. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 115:111130. [PMID: 32600727 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a bioresorbable Mg-ZKQX6000 (Mg-6Zn-0.6Zr-0.4Ag-0.2Ca (wt%)) alloy was severely plastically deformed via equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) according to three unique hybrid routes at low temperatures (200 °C to 125 °C). The roles of ECAP processing on microstructure, and ensuing mechanical properties and corrosion rates, are assessed. Microstructurally, ECAP induces a complex plethora of features, especially variations in grain sizes and precipitates' sizes, distributions, and morphologies for individual cases. Mechanically, ECAP generally refined grain size, resulting in ultra-high strength levels of about 400 MPa in ultimate tensile strength for several cases; however, deformation via ECAP of precipitates induced embrittlement and low elongation to failure levels. Corrosion testing, conducted in simulated bodily fluid at bodily pH levels to mimic conditions in the human body, revealed consistent corrosion rates across several techniques (mass loss, hydrogen evolution, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)), showing that severe plastic deformation deteriorates corrosion resistance for this material. In-situ corrosion monitoring explained that corrosion accelerated after ECAP due to the creation of heterogeneous, anodic shear zones, which exhibited dense regions of refined grains and fine precipitates. Suggestions for future design and thermomechanical processing of Mg alloys for bioresorbable orthopedic implants are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Vaughan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A I Karayan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B Mansoor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Mechanical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - J M Seitz
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (IW), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Eifler
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (IW), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Hannover, Germany
| | - I Karaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - H Castaneda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - H J Maier
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (IW), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823 Hannover, Germany
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Durisin M, Seitz JM, Reifenrath J, Weber CM, Eifler R, Maier HJ, Lenarz T, Klose C. A novel biodegradable frontal sinus stent (MgNd2): a long-term animal study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:1455-67. [PMID: 26341887 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The frontal sinus recess consists of anatomically narrow passages that are prone to stenosis in endonasal frontal sinus surgery for chronic sinus disease. Over the past 100 years, diverse frontal sinus stents have been developed and evaluated in clinical and animal studies. However, superinfection, formation of granulations tissue, stent dislocation and late stenosis of the duct have remained challenges and subject of debate in the literature. Currently developed biodegradable materials, including rare earth-containing magnesium alloys are promising candidates for application as temporary implant materials. The Mg 2 % wt Nd alloy (MgNd2) was used to design a nasal stent that fit the porcine anatomy. In the current study, we evaluate biocompatibility, biodegradation and functionality of a frontal sinus stent in 16 minipigs over 6 months. Intraoperative endoscopy revealed free stent lumen in all cases. Blood examination and clinical examinations indicated no systematic or local inflammation signs. The histopathology and elements analysis showed a very good biocompatibility. The μ-computed tomography-based volumetric analysis showed substantial stent degradation within 6 months. Our MgNd2 based stent appears to be a promising, solid basis for the development of a frontal sinus stent for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durisin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - J M Seitz
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - J Reifenrath
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CrossBIT, Center of Biocompatibility and Implant-Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Straßee 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - C M Weber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Eifler
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823, Hannover, Germany
| | - H J Maier
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Lenarz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Klose
- Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, An der Universität 2, 30823, Hannover, Germany
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Bondarenko A, Angrisani N, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Seitz JM, Waizy H, Reifenrath J. Magnesium-based bone implants: immunohistochemical analysis of peri-implant osteogenesis by evaluation of osteopontin and osteocalcin expression. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1449-57. [PMID: 23765602 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The functions of some bone proteins, as osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC), have been discovered by the latest studies. This fact suggests the possibility of their immunodetection to characterize peri-implant osteogenesis and implant impact on it. Cylindrical pins of Mg alloys (MgCa0.8, LAE442, ZEK100, LANd442) and titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) were implanted into the tibial medullae of 46 rabbits. Each group was divided regarding to implant duration (3 and 6 months). Bone samples adjacent to the implants were decalcified and treated with routine histological and immunohistochemical protocols using OC and OPN-antibodies. OC was detected in matrix of compact bone, but very rarely in osteoid and bone cells. OPN was detected intracellularly and in osteoid. After 3 months, the highest level of both markers was found in titanium group, followed by LAE442-group. In contrast to LAE442 and TiAl6V4, the other Mg alloys showed increasing levels of OC after 6 months. Lower levels of OP and OC compared to the control group are related to the continuous implant degradation and instability of bone-implant interface in early post-surgical period. Reduced marker's expression in LAE442 and TiAl6V4 groups after 6 months may indicate stabilization of bone-implant interface and completion of peri-implant neo-osteogenesis. Declining characters of OC and OPN expression over the implantation time, as well as their lowest levels in late post-surgical term, suggest a more appropriate biocompatibility of LAE442, which therefore seems to be the most preferable of the tested materials for the use in orthopaedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bondarenko
- Department of Pathology, Dnipropetrovsk State Medical Academy, Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk, Zhovtneva Ploshcha 14, 49005
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