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Fursa O, Bannister W, Neesgaard B, Podlekareva D, Kowalska J, Benfield T, Gerstoft J, Reekie J, Rasmussen LD, Aho I, Guaraldi G, Staub T, Miro JM, Laporte JM, Elbirt D, Trofimova T, Sedlacek D, Matulionyte R, Oprea C, Bernasconi E, Hadžiosmanović V, Mocroft A, Peters L. SARS-CoV-2 testing, positivity, and factors associated with COVID-19 among people with HIV across Europe in the multinational EuroSIDA cohort. HIV Med 2024. [PMID: 38433476 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although people with HIV might be at risk of severe outcomes from infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus 2019 [COVID-19]), regional and temporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 testing in people with HIV across Europe have not been previously described. METHODS We described the proportions of testing, positive test results, and hospitalizations due to COVID-19 between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021 in the EuroSIDA cohort and the factors associated with being tested for SARS-CoV-2 and with ever testing positive. RESULTS Of 9012 participants, 2270 (25.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 24.3-26.1) had a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test during the study period (range: 38.3% in Northern to 14.6% in Central-Eastern Europe). People from Northern Europe, women, those aged <40 years, those with CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3 , and those with previous cardiovascular disease or malignancy were significantly more likely to have been tested, as were people with HIV in 2021 compared with those in 2020. Overall, 390 people with HIV (4.3%, 95% CI 3.9-4.8) tested positive (range: 2.6% in Northern to 7.1% in Southern Europe), and the odds of testing positive were higher in all regions than in Northern Europe and in 2021 than in 2020. In total, 64 people with HIV (0.7%, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) were hospitalized, of whom 12 died. Compared with 2020, the odds of positive testing decreased in all regions in 2021, and the associations with cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate disappeared in 2021. Among study participants, 58.9% received a COVID-19 vaccine (range: 72.0% in Southern to 14.8% in Eastern Europe). CONCLUSIONS We observed large heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity and a low proportion of hospital admissions and deaths across the regions of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fursa
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Bannister
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Neesgaard
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Podlekareva
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kowalska
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - J Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Reekie
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L D Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - I Aho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Cohort, Università degli Studi di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - T Staub
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Laporte
- Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - D Elbirt
- Allergy, Immunology and HIV Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Trofimova
- Novgorod Centre for AIDS prevention and control, Veliky Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - D Sedlacek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Medical Faculty and Teaching Hospital Plzen, Charles University Prague, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - R Matulionyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - C Oprea
- Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale Lugano, University of Geneva and University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - V Hadžiosmanović
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - A Mocroft
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- UCL Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), London, UK
| | - L Peters
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Forbes N, Smith A, Petersen J, Terrones-Campos C, Reekie J, Darkner S, Specht L, Vogelius I. MO-0716 Radiotherapy exposure and association with observed cardiovascular toxicity in over 5000 patients. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reekie J, Kaldor JM, Mak DB, Ward J, Donovan B, Hocking JS, Preen D, Liu B. Long-term impact of childhood hepatitis B vaccination programs on prevalence among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women giving birth in Western Australia. Vaccine 2018; 36:3296-3300. [PMID: 29706293 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the long-term effect of infant and childhood hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination programs among birthing women in Western Australia. METHODS A cohort of Western Australian women born from 1974 to 1995 was created using Birth Registrations and Electoral Roll records. They were linked to a perinatal register and notifiable diseases register to identify women having respectively their first births between 2000 and 2012 and diagnoses of HBV infections. HBV prevalence was estimated in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women, and according to maternal birth year cohorts. RESULTS Of 66,073 women, 155 (0.23%) had a linked non-acute HBV notification. HBV prevalence was five times higher in Aboriginal women compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts (0.92%, 95%CI 0.65-1.18 versus 0.18%, 0.15-0.21). Among Aboriginal women, after adjusting for year of giving birth and region of residence, those born in the targeted infant and school-based vaccination era (maternal year of birth 1988-1995) had an 89% lower risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.11, 0.04-0.33) of HBV than those born in the pre-vaccination era (1974-1981). Prevalence also differed between Aboriginal women residing in rural/remote areas compared to those in major cities (aOR 3.06, 1.36-6.88). Among non-Aboriginal women, no significant difference in HBV prevalence was observed by maternal birth cohort (p = 0.20) nor by residence (p = 0.23), but there were significant differences by ethnicity with a 36-fold higher prevalence (aOR 36.08, 22.66-57.46) in non-Caucasian versus Caucasian women. CONCLUSIONS A significant decline in HBV prevalence in Aboriginal birthing mothers was observed following the introduction of HBV vaccination programs in Western Australia. There were also considerable disparities in prevalence between women by area of residence and ethnicity. Our findings reflect those observed in women in other Australian jurisdictions. Continued surveillance of HBV prevalence in birthing mothers will provide ongoing estimates of HBV vaccination program impact across Australia and the populations most at risk of chronic HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reekie
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J M Kaldor
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D B Mak
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia; Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Department of Health, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Ward
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Flinders University, Australia
| | - B Donovan
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, Australia
| | - J S Hocking
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - B Liu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Reekie J, Donovan B, Guy R, Mak D, Pearson S, Liu B. P08.09 Trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity in western australian women, 1998–2013. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Reekie J, Hosking SPM, Prakash C, Kao KT, Juonala M, Sabin MA. The effect of antidepressants and antipsychotics on weight gain in children and adolescents. Obes Rev 2015; 16:566-80. [PMID: 26016407 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric illness in the paediatric population is increasing and the weight effect of medications for these problems is often unclear. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken to identify studies reporting weight in relation to antipsychotic and antidepressant use in children and adolescents. From 636 articles, 42 were selected for review. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) do not cause weight gain and may lead to improvements in weight status over the short, but not, long term. Antipsychotics were generally associated with weight gain. In drug comparison studies, risperidone had a larger weight gain effect than lithium, divalproex sodium and pimozide. Studies assessing the weight-protective effects of augmentation therapy with metformin or topiramate show less weight gain with addition of these agents. In conclusion, prescribing of SSRIs and SNRIs may be associated with improvements in weight status in children and adolescents but trials assessing their use in obesity, outside of established psychiatric illness, are limited and still experimental. Youth prescribed antipsychotic medication should be monitored for exaggerated weight gain and in those where obesity is a pre-existing concern agents other than olanzapine, clozapine and risperidone may be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reekie
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - C Prakash
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K-T Kao
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Juonala
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M A Sabin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Reekie J, Donovan B, Guy R, Hocking J, Jorm L, Kaldor JM, Ward J, Liu B. P3.010 Comparison of the Rate of Hospitalisation For Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Following a Diagnosis of Chlamydia or Gonorrhoea in Women Resident in New South Wales, Australia. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Søgaard O, Reekie J, Ristola M, Jevtovic D, Karpov I, Beniowski M, Servitskiy S, Domingo P, Reiss P, Mocroft A, Kirk O. Severe bacterial non-aids infections in HIV-positive persons: Incidence rates and risk factors. J Infect 2013; 66:439-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grint D, Peters L, Reekie J, Soriano V, Kirk O, Knysz B, Suetnov O, Lazzarin A, Ledergerber B, Rockstroh JK, Mocroft A. Stability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels among interferon-naïve HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2013; 14:370-8. [PMID: 23534815 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. High HCV RNA levels have been associated with poor treatment response. This study aimed to examine the natural history of HCV RNA in chronically HCV/HIV-coinfected individuals. METHODS Mixed models were used to analyse the natural history of HCV RNA changes over time in HIV-positive patients with chronic HCV infection. RESULTS A total of 1541 individuals, predominantly White (91%), male (73%), from southern (35%) and western central Europe (23%) and with HCV genotype 1 (58%), were included in the analysis. The median follow-up time was 5.0 years [interquartile range (IQR) 2.8 to 8.3 years]. Among patients not on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HCV RNA levels increased by a mean 27.6% per year [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1-53.5%; P = 0.0098]. Among patients receiving cART, HCV RNA levels were stable, increasing by a mean 2.6% per year (95% CI -1.1 to 6.5%; P = 0.17). Baseline HCV RNA levels were 25.5% higher (95% CI 8.8 to 39.1%; P = 0.0044) in individuals with HCV genotype 1 compared with HCV genotypes 2, 3 and 4. A 1 log HIV-1 RNA copies/mL increase in HIV RNA was associated with a 10.9% increase (95% CI 2.3 to 20.2%; P = 0.012) in HCV RNA. CONCLUSIONS While HCV RNA levels increased significantly in patients prior to receiving cART, among those treated with cART HCV RNA levels remained stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grint
- HIV Epidemiology & Biostatistics Group, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London-Royal Free Campus, London, UK.
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Reekie J, Gatell J, Yust I, Bakowska E, Rachmanova A, Losso M, Krasnov M, Francioli P, Kowalska J, Mocroft A. Fatal and non-fatal AIDS and non-AIDS events in HIV-1 infected patients with high CD4 counts. J Int AIDS Soc 2010. [PMCID: PMC3112853 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-s4-o39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Reekie J, Reiss P, Ledergerber B, Sedlacek D, Parczewski M, Gatell J, Katlama C, Fätkenheuer G, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A. A comparison of the long-term durability of nevirapine, efavirenz and lopinavir in routine clinical practice in Europe: a EuroSIDA study. HIV Med 2010; 12:259-68. [PMID: 20812948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The durability of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimens can be measured as time to discontinuation because of toxicity or treatment failure, development of clinical disease or serious long-term adverse events. The aim of this analysis was to compare the durability of nevirapine, efavirenz and lopinavir regimens based on these measures. METHODS Patients starting a nevirapine, efavirenz or lopinavir-based cART regimen for the first time after 1 January 2000 were included in the analysis. Follow-up started ≥ 3 months after initiation of treatment if viral load was <500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. Durability was measured as discontinuation rate or development/worsening of clinical markers. RESULTS A total of 603 patients (21%) started nevirapine-based cART, 1465 (51%) efavirenz, and 818 (28%) lopinavir. After adjustment there was no significant difference in the risk of discontinuation for any reason between the groups on nevirapine and efavirenz (P=0.43) or lopinavir (P=0.13). Compared with the nevirapine group, those on efavirenz had a 48% (P=0.0002) and those on lopinavir a 63% (P<0.0001) lower risk of discontinuation because of treatment failure and a 31% (P=0.01) and 66% (P<.0001) higher risk, respectively, of discontinuation because of toxicities or patient/physician choice. There were no significant differences in the incidence of non-AIDS-related events, worsening anaemia, severe weight loss, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels or increased total cholesterol. Compared with patients on nevirapine, those on lopinavir had an 80% higher incidence of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol decreasing below 0.9 mmol/L (P=0.003), but there was no significant difference in this variable between those on nevirapine and those on efavirenz (P=0.39). CONCLUSIONS The long-term durability of nevirapine-based cART, based on risk of all-cause discontinuation and development of long-term adverse events, was comparable to that of efavirenz or lopinavir, in patients in routine clinical practice across Europe who initially tolerated and virologically responded to their regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reekie
- Research Department of Infection & Population Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.
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Reekie J, Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, Beniowski M, Clotet B, van Lunzen J, Chiesi A, Pradier C, Machala L, Lundgren JD. History of viral suppression on combination antiretroviral therapy as a predictor of virological failure after a treatment change. HIV Med 2010; 11:469-78. [PMID: 20201975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HIV-infected persons experience different patterns of viral suppression after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The relationship between such differences and risk of virological failure after starting a new antiretroviral could help with patient monitoring strategies. METHODS A total of 1827 patients on cART starting at least one new antiretroviral from 1 January 2000 while maintaining a suppressed viral load were included in the analysis. Poisson regression analysis identified factors predictive of virological failure after baseline in addition to traditional demographic variables. Baseline was defined as the date of starting new antiretrovirals. RESULTS Four hundred and fifty-one patients (24.7%) experienced virological failure, with an incidence rate (IR) of 7.3 per 100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.7-8.0]. After adjustment, patients who had rebounded in the year prior to baseline had a 2.4-times higher rate of virological failure after baseline (95% CI 1.77-3.26; P<.0001), while there was no increased incidence in patients whose last viral rebound was >3 years prior to baseline [Incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.06; 95% CI 0.75-1.50; P=0.73] compared with patients who had never virally rebounded. Patients had an 86% (95% CI 1.36-2.55; P<.0001), 53% (95% CI 1.06-2.04; P=0.02) and 5% (95% CI 0.80-1.38; P=0.72) higher virological failure rate after baseline if they were virally suppressed <50%, 50-70% and 70-90% of the time they were on cART prior to baseline, respectively, compared with those virally suppressed >90% of the time. DISCUSSION Intensive monitoring after a treatment switch is required in patients who have rebounded recently or have a low percentage of time suppressed while on cART. Consideration should be given to increasing the provision of adherence counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reekie
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, UK.
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Reekie J, Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, Beniowski M, Clotet B, van Lunzen J, Chiesi A, Pradier C, Machala L, Lundgren JD. O331 Patterns of viral suppression on cART as predictors of uncontrolled viremia after starting a new antiretroviral after 1 January 2003. J Int AIDS Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-o35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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