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Lamont RF, Richardson LS, Boniface JJ, Cobo T, Exner MM, Christensen IB, Forslund SK, Gaba A, Helmer H, Jørgensen JS, Khan RN, McElrath TF, Petro K, Rasmussen M, Singh R, Tribe RM, Vink JS, Vinter CA, Zhong N, Menon R. Commentary on a combined approach to the problem of developing biomarkers for the prediction of spontaneous preterm labor that leads to preterm birth. Placenta 2020; 98:13-23. [PMID: 33039027 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, preterm birth has replaced congenital malformation as the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The reduced rate of congenital malformation was not achieved through a single biophysical or biochemical marker at a specific gestational age, but rather through a combination of clinical, biophysical and biochemical markers at different gestational ages. Since the aetiology of spontaneous preterm birth is also multifactorial, it is unlikely that a single biomarker test, at a specific gestational age will emerge as the definitive predictive test. METHODS The Biomarkers Group of PREBIC, comprising clinicians, basic scientists and other experts in the field, with a particular interest in preterm birth have produced this commentary with short, medium and long-term aims: i) to alert clinicians to the advances that are being made in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth; ii) to encourage clinicians and scientists to continue their efforts in this field, and not to be disheartened or nihilistic because of a perceived lack of progress and iii) to enable development of novel interventions that can reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth. RESULTS Using language that we hope is clear to practising clinicians, we have identified 11 Sections in which there exists the potential, feasibility and capability of technologies for candidate biomarkers in the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth and how current limitations to this research might be circumvented. DISCUSSION The combination of biophysical, biochemical, immunological, microbiological, fetal cell, exosomal, or cell free RNA at different gestational ages, integrated as part of a multivariable predictor model may be necessary to advance our attempts to predict sPTL and PTB. This will require systems biological data using "omics" data and artificial intelligence/machine learning to manage the data appropriately. The ultimate goal is to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Lamont
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Division of Surgery, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research Campus, University College London, London, UK.
| | - L S Richardson
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J J Boniface
- Sera Prognostics, Inc., 2749 East Parleys Way, Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT, 84109, USA
| | - T Cobo
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clínic de Ginecología, Obstetrícia I Neonatología, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research Center, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Exner
- Hologic, Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - S K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin and the Max-Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Gaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-fetal Medicine, Vienna Medical University, Austria
| | - H Helmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal-fetal Medicine, Vienna Medical University, Austria
| | - J S Jørgensen
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Innovative Medical Technologies (CIMT), Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 8, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital/University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9 a, 3. Floor, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - R N Khan
- Division of Medical Science and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Room 4115, Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | | | - K Petro
- Hologic, Inc., 10210 Genetic Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - M Rasmussen
- MIRVIE Inc., 820 Dubuque Ave., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - R Singh
- ARCEDI Biotech ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R M Tribe
- Dept. of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - J S Vink
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C A Vinter
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - N Zhong
- New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 105 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - R Menon
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Schneider FRN, Sana H, Evans CJ, Bestenlehner JM, Castro N, Fossati L, Gräfener G, Langer N, Ramírez-Agudelo OH, Sabín-Sanjulián C, Simón-Díaz S, Tramper F, Crowther PA, de Koter A, de Mink SE, Dufton PL, Garcia M, Gieles M, Hénault-Brunet V, Herrero A, Izzard RG, Kalari V, Lennon DJ, Maíz Apellániz J, Markova N, Najarro F, Podsiadlowski P, Puls J, Taylor WD, van Loon JT, Vink JS, Norman C. An excess of massive stars in the local 30 Doradus starburst. Science 2018; 359:69-71. [PMID: 29302009 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The 30 Doradus star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud is a nearby analog of large star-formation events in the distant universe. We determined the recent formation history and the initial mass function (IMF) of massive stars in 30 Doradus on the basis of spectroscopic observations of 247 stars more massive than 15 solar masses ([Formula: see text]). The main episode of massive star formation began about 8 million years (My) ago, and the star-formation rate seems to have declined in the last 1 My. The IMF is densely sampled up to 200 [Formula: see text] and contains 32 ± 12% more stars above 30 [Formula: see text] than predicted by a standard Salpeter IMF. In the mass range of 15 to 200 [Formula: see text], the IMF power-law exponent is [Formula: see text], shallower than the Salpeter value of 2.35.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R N Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
| | - H Sana
- Institute of Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - C J Evans
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - J M Bestenlehner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - N Castro
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L Fossati
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
| | - G Gräfener
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Langer
- Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - O H Ramírez-Agudelo
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - C Sabín-Sanjulián
- Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Juan Cisternas no. 1200 Norte, La Serena, Chile
| | - S Simón-Díaz
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - F Tramper
- European Space Astronomy Centre, Mission Operations Division, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - P A Crowther
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - A de Koter
- Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam University, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S E de Mink
- Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Amsterdam University, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P L Dufton
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Garcia
- Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Torrejón a Ajalvir km-4, E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gieles
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - V Hénault-Brunet
- National Research Council, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia V9E 2E7, Canada.,Department of Astrophysics/Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A Herrero
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - R G Izzard
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.,Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - V Kalari
- Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Casilla 36-D, Chile
| | - D J Lennon
- European Space Astronomy Centre, Mission Operations Division, P.O. Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Maíz Apellániz
- Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, European Space Astronomy Centre campus, camino bajo del castillo s/n, E-28 692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - N Markova
- Institute of Astronomy with National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 136, 4700 Smoljan, Bulgaria
| | - F Najarro
- Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Carretera de Torrejón a Ajalvir km-4, E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ph Podsiadlowski
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.,Argelander-Institut für Astronomie der Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J Puls
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Universitätssternwarte, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
| | - W D Taylor
- UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
| | - J Th van Loon
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - J S Vink
- Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C Norman
- Johns Hopkins University, Homewood Campus, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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