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Goldman MV, Newman DL, Lapenta G, Andersson L, Gosling JT, Eriksson S, Markidis S, Eastwood JP, Ergun R. Čerenkov emission of quasiparallel whistlers by fast electron phase-space holes during magnetic reconnection. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:145002. [PMID: 24765977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.145002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic simulations of magnetotail reconnection have revealed electromagnetic whistlers originating near the exhaust boundary and propagating into the inflow region. The whistler production mechanism is not a linear instability, but rather is Čerenkov emission of almost parallel whistlers from localized moving clumps of charge (finite-size quasiparticles) associated with nonlinear coherent electron phase space holes. Whistlers are strongly excited by holes without ever growing exponentially. In the simulation the whistlers are emitted in the source region from holes that accelerate down the magnetic separatrix towards the x line. The phase velocity of the whistlers vφ in the source region is everywhere well matched to the hole velocity vH as required by the Čerenkov condition. The simulation shows emission is most efficient near the theoretical maximum vφ=half the electron Alfven speed, consistent with the new theoretical prediction that faster holes radiate more efficiently. While transferring energy to whistlers the holes lose coherence and dissipate over a few local ion inertial lengths. The whistlers, however, propagate to the x line and out over many 10's of ion inertial lengths into the inflow region of reconnection. As the whistlers pass near the x line they modulate the rate at which magnetic field lines reconnect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Goldman
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D L Newman
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - G Lapenta
- Leuven Universiteit, Celestijnenlaan 200B, B-2001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Andersson
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J T Gosling
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S Eriksson
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S Markidis
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J P Eastwood
- The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - R Ergun
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Zhou X, Russell CT, Gosling JT, Mitchell DG. Three spacecraft observations of the geomagnetic tail during moderately disturbed conditions: Structure and evolution of the current sheet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gosling JT, Asbridge JR, Bame SJ, Hundhausen AJ, Strong IB. Measurements of the interplanetary solar wind during the large geomagnetic storm of April 17-18, 1965. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jz072i007p01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gosling JT, Asbridge JR, Bame SJ, Hundhausen AJ, Strong IB. Discontinuities in the solar wind associated with sudden geomagnetic impulses and storm commencements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jz072i013p03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bame SJ, Asbridge JR, Feldman WC, Felthauser HE, Gosling JT. A search for a general gradient in the solar wind speed at low solar latitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i001p00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gosling JT, Thomsen MF, Bame SJ, Russell CT. Ion reflection and downstream thermalization at the quasi-parallel bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja094ia08p10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gosling JT, Thomsen MF, Bame SJ, Elphic RC, Russell CT. Reply [to “Observations of reconnection of interplanetary and lobe magnetic field lines at the high-latitude magnetopause” by J. T. Gosling, M. F. Thomsen, S. J. Bame, R. C. Elphic, and C. T. Russell”]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Le G, Russell CT, Thomsen MF, Gosling JT. Observations of a new class of upstream waves with periods near 3 seconds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gosling JT, Thomsen MF, Bame SJ, Elphic RC, Russell CT. Observations of reconnection of interplanetary and lobe magnetic field lines at the high-latitude magnetopause. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/91ja01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Feldman WC, Baker DN, Bame SJ, Birn J, Gosling JT, Hones EW, Schwartz SJ. Slow-mode shocks: A semipermanent feature of the distant geomagnetic tail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia01p00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McComas DJ, Bame SJ, Barraclough BL, Donart JR, Elphic RC, Gosling JT, Moldwin MB, Moore KR, Thomsen MF. Magnetospheric plasma analyzer: Initial three-spacecraft observations from geosynchronous orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Borrini G, Gosling JT, Bame SJ, Feldman WC, Wilcox JM. Solar wind helium and hydrogen structure near the heliospheric current sheet: A signal of coronal streamers at 1 AU. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia06p04565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Phillips JL, Bame SJ, Elphic RC, Gosling JT, Thomsen MF, Onsager TG. Well-resolved observations by ISEE 2 of ion dispersion in the magnetospheric cusp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thomsen MF, Gosling JT, Bame SJ, Mellott MM. Ion and electron heating at collisionless shocks near the critical Mach number. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja090ia01p00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gosling JT, Hundhausen AJ, Bame SJ. Solar wind stream evolution at large heliocentric distances: Experimental demonstration and the test of a model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja081i013p02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Crooker NU, Feynman J, Gosling JT. On the high correlation between long-term averages of solar wind speed and geomagnetic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja082i013p01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Phillips JL, Gosling JT, McComas DJ, Bame SJ, Gary SP, Smith EJ. Anisotropic thermal electron distributions in the solar wind. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja094ia06p06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hundhausen AJ, Gosling JT. Solar wind structure at large heliocentric distances: An interpretation of Pioneer 10 observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja081i007p01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Paschmann G, Sckopke N, Papamastorakis I, Asbridge JR, Bame SJ, Gosling JT. Characteristics of reflected and diffuse ions upstream from the Earth's bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia06p04355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Gosling
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Szabo
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
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Phan TD, Gosling JT, Davis MS, Skoug RM, Øieroset M, Lin RP, Lepping RP, McComas DJ, Smith CW, Reme H, Balogh A. A magnetic reconnection X-line extending more than 390 Earth radii in the solar wind. Nature 2006; 439:175-8. [PMID: 16407946 DOI: 10.1038/nature04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic reconnection in a current sheet converts magnetic energy into particle energy, a process that is important in many laboratory, space and astrophysical contexts. It is not known at present whether reconnection is fundamentally a process that can occur over an extended region in space or whether it is patchy and unpredictable in nature. Frequent reports of small-scale flux ropes and flow channels associated with reconnection in the Earth's magnetosphere raise the possibility that reconnection is intrinsically patchy, with each reconnection X-line (the line along which oppositely directed magnetic field lines reconnect) extending at most a few Earth radii (R(E)), even though the associated current sheets span many tens or hundreds of R(E). Here we report three-spacecraft observations of accelerated flow associated with reconnection in a current sheet embedded in the solar wind flow, where the reconnection X-line extended at least 390R(E) (or 2.5 x 10(6) km). Observations of this and 27 similar events imply that reconnection is fundamentally a large-scale process. Patchy reconnection observed in the Earth's magnetosphere is therefore likely to be a geophysical effect associated with fluctuating boundary conditions, rather than a fundamental property of reconnection. Our observations also reveal, surprisingly, that reconnection can operate in a quasi-steady-state manner even when undriven by the external flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Phan
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Young DT, Berthelier JJ, Blanc M, Burch JL, Bolton S, Coates AJ, Crary FJ, Goldstein R, Grande M, Hill TW, Johnson RE, Baragiola RA, Kelha V, McComas DJ, Mursula K, Sittler EC, Svenes KR, Szegö K, Tanskanen P, Thomsen MF, Bakshi S, Barraclough BL, Bebesi Z, Delapp D, Dunlop MW, Gosling JT, Furman JD, Gilbert LK, Glenn D, Holmlund C, Illiano JM, Lewis GR, Linder DR, Maurice S, McAndrews HJ, Narheim BT, Pallier E, Reisenfeld D, Rymer AM, Smith HT, Tokar RL, Vilppola J, Zinsmeyer C. Composition and Dynamics of Plasma in Saturn's Magnetosphere. Science 2005; 307:1262-6. [PMID: 15731443 DOI: 10.1126/science.1106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During Cassini's initial orbit, we observed a dynamic magnetosphere composed primarily of a complex mixture of water-derived atomic and molecular ions. We have identified four distinct regions characterized by differences in both bulk plasma properties and ion composition. Protons are the dominant species outside about 9 RS (where RS is the radial distance from the center of Saturn), whereas inside, the plasma consists primarily of a corotating comet-like mix of water-derived ions with approximately 3% N+. Over the A and B rings, we found an ionosphere in which O2+ and O+ are dominant, which suggests the possible existence of a layer of O2 gas similar to the atmospheres of Europa and Ganymede.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Young
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
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McComas DJ, Schwadron NA, Crary FJ, Elliott HA, Young DT, Gosling JT, Thomsen MF, Sittler E, Berthelier JJ, Szego K, Coates AJ. The interstellar hydrogen shadow: Observations of interstellar pickup ions beyond Jupiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. J. Crary
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | | | - D. T. Young
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - J. T. Gosling
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - M. F. Thomsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - E. Sittler
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | | | - K. Szego
- KFKI Research Institute for Particles and Nuclear Physics; Budapest Hungary
| | - A. J. Coates
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; Surrey UK
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Gosling JT. Dispersionless modulations in low-energy solar electron bursts and discontinuous changes in the solar wind electron strahl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. U. Crooker
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - J. T. Gosling
- Los Alamos National Laboratory; Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - S. W. Kahler
- Air Force Research Laboratory; Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base; Massachusetts USA
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Reisenfeld DB, Gary SP, Gosling JT, Steinberg JT, McComas DJ, Goldstein BE, Neugebauer M. Helium energetics in the high-latitude solar wind: Ulysses observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lario D, Marsden RG, Sanderson TR, Maksimovic M, Sanahuja B, Balogh A, Forsyth RJ, Lin RP, Gosling JT. Energetic proton observations at 1 and 5 AU: 1. January-September 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sanderson TR, Erdös G, Balogh A, Forsyth RJ, Marsden RG, Gosling JT, Phillips JL, Tranquille C. Effect of magnetic discontinuities on the propagation of energetic particles: Ulysses observations of the onset of the March 1991 solar particle event. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McComas DJ, Barraclough BL, Funsten HO, Gosling JT, Santiago-Muñoz E, Skoug RM, Goldstein BE, Neugebauer M, Riley P, Balogh A. Solar wind observations over Ulysses' first full polar orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tokar RL, Gary SP, Gosling JT, McComas DJ, Skoug RM, Smith CW, Ness NF, Haggerty D. Suprathermal ions and MHD turbulence observed upstream of an interplanetary shock by Advanced Composition Explorer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lindsay GM, Luhmann JG, Russell CT, Gosling JT. Relationships between coronal mass ejection speeds from coronagraph images and interplanetary characteristics of associated interplanetary coronal mass ejections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kahler SW, Crooker NU, Gosling JT. The polarities and locations of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in large interplanetary magnetic sectors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Riley P, Gosling JT, McComas DJ, Pizzo VJ, Luhmann JG, Biesecker D, Forsyth RJ, Hoeksema JT, Lecinski A, Thompson BJ. Relationship between Ulysses plasma observations and solar observations during the Whole Sun Month campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998ja900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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