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Tripathi K, Kumari J, Gore PG, Mishra DC, Singh AK, Mishra GP, Gayacharan C, Dikshit HK, Singh N, Semwal DP, Mehra R, Bhardwaj R, Bansal R, Rana JC, Kumar A, Gupta V, Singh K, Sarker A. Agro-Morphological Characterization of Lentil Germplasm of Indian National Genebank and Development of a Core Set for Efficient Utilization in Lentil Improvement Programs. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:751429. [PMID: 35154171 PMCID: PMC8828943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is one of the major cool-season pulse crops worldwide. Its increasing demand as a staple pulse has led to the unlocking of diverse germplasm collections conserved in the genebanks to develop its superior varieties. The Indian National Genebank, housed at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India, currently has 2,324 accessions comprising 1,796 indigenous and 528 exotic collections. This study was conducted to unveil the potential of lentil germplasm by assessing its agro-morphological characteristics and diversity, identifying trait-specific germplasm, and developing a core set. The complete germplasm set was characterized for two years, i.e., 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, and data were recorded on 26 agro-morphological traits. High phenotypic variability was observed for nine quantitative and 17 qualitative traits. A core set comprising 170 accessions (137 Indian and 33 exotic) was derived based on the characterization data as well as geographical origin using a heuristic method and PowerCore software. This core set was found to be sufficiently diverse and representative of the entire collection based on the comparison made using Shannon-Weaver diversity indices and χ2 test. These results were further validated by summary statistics. The core set displayed high genetic diversity as evident from a higher coefficient of variance in comparison to the entire set for individual traits and overall Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (entire: 1.054; core: 1.361). In addition, the total variation explained by the first three principal components was higher in the core set (70.69%) than in the entire collection (68.03%). Further, the conservation of pairwise correlation values among descriptors in the entire and core set reflected the maintenance of the structure of the whole set. Based on the results, this core set is believed to represent the entire collection, completely. Therefore, it constitutes a potential set of germplasm that can be used in the genetic enhancement of lentils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Tripathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Padmavati G. Gore
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh C. Mishra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyan P. Mishra
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - C. Gayacharan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - H. K. Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - D. P. Semwal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Reena Mehra
- International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas-Food Legumes Research Platform, Amlaha, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - J. C. Rana
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, National Agricultural Science Complex, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Gupta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashutosh Sarker
- International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas-Food Legumes Research Platform, Amlaha, India
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Jose M, Raj RD, Vinitha MR, Madhu R, Varghese G, Bocianowski J, Yadav R, Patra BC, Singh ON, Rana JC, Kurmari SL, Thomas G. The Prehistoric Indian Ayurvedic Rice Shashtika Is an Extant Early Domesticate With a Distinct Selection History. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1203. [PMID: 30154819 PMCID: PMC6102419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fully domesticated rice is considered to have emerged in India at approximately 2000 B.C., although its origin in India remains a contentious issue. The fast-growing 60-days rice strain described in the Vedic literature (1900-500 B.C.) and termed Shashtika (Sanskrit) or Njavara (Dravidian etymology) in Ayurveda texts including the seminal texts Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita (circa 660-1000 B.C.) is a reliable extant strain among the numerous strains described in the Ayurveda literature. We here report the results of the phylogenetic analysis of Njavara accessions in relation to the cultivars belonging to the known ancestral sub-groups indica, japonica, aromatic, and aus in rice gene pool and the populations of the progenitor species Oryza rufipogon using genetic and gene genealogical methods. Based on neutral microsatellite markers, Njavara produced a major clade, which comprised of minor clades corresponding to the genotypic classes reported in Njavara germplasm, and was distinct from that were produced by the ancestral sub-groups. Further we performed a phylogenetic analysis using the combined sequence of 19 unlinked EST-based sequence tagged site (STS) loci with proven potential in inferring rice phylogeny. In the phylogenetic tree also the Njavara genotypic classes were clearly separated from the ancestral sub-groups. For most loci the genealogical analysis produced a high frequency central haplotype shared among most of the rice samples analyzed in the study including Njavara and a set of O. rufipogon accessions. The haplotypes sharing pattern with the progenitor O. rufipogon suggests a Central India-Southeast Asia origin for Njavara. Results signify that Njavara is genetically distinct in relation to the known ancestral sub-groups in rice. Further, from the phylogenetic features together with the reported morphological characteristics, it is likely that Njavara is an extant early domesticate in Indian rice gene pool, preserved in pure form over millennia by the traditional prudence in on-farm selection using 60-days maturity, because of its medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariet Jose
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - R. Dinesh Raj
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - M. R. Vinitha
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Remya Madhu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - George Varghese
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - B. C. Patra
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - O. N. Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - J. C. Rana
- National Coordinator, Bioversity International, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Leena Kurmari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India
| | - George Thomas
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Katyal M, Virdi AS, Singh N, Kaur A, Rana JC, Kumari J. Diversity in protein profiling, pasting, empirical and dynamic dough rheological properties of meal from different durum wheat accessions. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:1256-1269. [PMID: 29606740 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The particle size distribution, protein profile, pasting and dough rheological properties of meal from forty-two Indian durum wheat accessions were evaluated. Meal from accessions with higher grain hardness index (GHI) showed a high proportion of large size particles with higher protein content and lower paste viscosities. Elastic and viscous modulii (G' and G″) of dough were negatively correlated with paste viscosities, which was associated with the presence/absence of LMW-GS and HMW-GS. Wheat accessions with allelic combinations of (13 + 16) with 97 + 91 kDa polypeptides (PPs) had higher G' and G″. The accession with 35 kDa PP showed higher while those with 35 and 62 kDa PPs showed lower paste viscosity. Among all accessions, 25 accessions possess 7 + 8 (97 and 88 kDa) type HMW-GS allelic combination. Durum accessions with diverse GHI, particle size distribution, protein profile, paste and dough rheology indicates their variation in milling and processing behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Katyal
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Amardeep Singh Virdi
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Narpinder Singh
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - J C Rana
- 2National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Phagli, Shimla, 171004 India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- 2National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Phagli, Shimla, 171004 India
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Sharma KD, Bindal G, Rathour R, Rana JC. β-Carotene and mineral content of different Chenopodium species and the effect of cooking on micronutrient retention. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:290-5. [PMID: 21981021 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.624493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the β-carotene, calcium, iron and zinc content in the leaves of 46 accessions of three Chenopodium species viz. Chenopodium album, C. album ssp. amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa was investigated. A wide range of variability, inter-specific as well as varietal, for the β-carotene [0.19-5.91 mg 100 g(- 1) fresh weight (FW)], calcium (358.35-960.10 mg 100 g(- 1) FW), iron (0.56-7.90 mg 100 g(- 1) FW) and zinc content (0.07-4.26 mg 100 g(- 1) FW) was observed. The C. album ssp. amaranticolor accessions IC341710 and IC469275 had a high content of all the four nutrients and were ideal food to alleviate nutritional deficiencies in humans. Nutritionally rich IC341710 and IC469275 were further studied to estimate micronutrient retention in cooked leaves. Between the two methods used to cook leaves, stir-frying showed better retention of micronutrients than pressure cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dev Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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