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Comer L, Donelle L, Ngole M, Shelley JJ, Kothari A, Smith M, Shelley JM, Stranges S, Hiebert B, Gilliland J, Burkell J, Cooke T, Hall J, Long J. An investigation of media reports of digital surveillance within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1215685. [PMID: 37564881 PMCID: PMC10411532 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1215685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in digital public health surveillance worldwide, with limited opportunities to consider the effectiveness or impact of digital surveillance. The news media shape public understanding of topics of importance, contributing to our perception of priority issues. This study investigated news media reports published during the first year of the pandemic to understand how the use and consequences of digital surveillance technologies were reported on. Methods A media content analysis of 34 high- to low-income countries was completed. The terms "COVID-19," "surveillance," "technologies," and "public health" were used to retrieve and inductively code media reports. Results Of the 1,001 reports, most were web-based or newspaper sources on the development and deployment of technologies directed at contact tracing, enforcing quarantine, predicting disease spread, and allocating resources. Technology types included mobile apps, wearable devices, "smart" thermometers, GPS/Bluetooth, facial recognition, and security cameras. Repurposed data from social media, travel cards/passports, and consumer purchases also provided surveillance insight. Media reports focused on factors impacting surveillance success (public participation and data validity) and the emerging consequences of digital surveillance on human rights, function creep, data security, and trust. Discussion Diverse digital technologies were developed and used for public health surveillance during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of these technologies and witnessed or anticipated consequences were reported by a variety of media sources worldwide. The news media are an important public health information resource, as media outlets contribute to directing public understanding and shaping priority public health surveillance issues. Our findings raise important questions around how journalists decide which aspects of public health crises to report on and how these issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha Comer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Marionette Ngole
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maxwell Smith
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James M. Shelley
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- The Africa Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Brad Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Burkell
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tommy Cooke
- Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jodi Hall
- School of Nursing, Fanshawe College, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jed Long
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Donelle L, Comer L, Hiebert B, Hall J, Shelley JJ, Smith MJ, Kothari A, Burkell J, Stranges S, Cooke T, Shelley JM, Gilliland J, Ngole M, Facca D. Use of digital technologies for public health surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231173220. [PMID: 37214658 PMCID: PMC10196539 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231173220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, a variety of digital technologies have been leveraged for public health surveillance worldwide. However, concerns remain around the rapid development and deployment of digital technologies, how these technologies have been used, and their efficacy in supporting public health goals. Following the five-stage scoping review framework, we conducted a scoping review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature to identify the types and nature of digital technologies used for surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic and the success of these measures. We conducted a search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2020 to provide a snapshot of questions, concerns, discussions, and findings emerging at this pivotal time. A total of 147 peer-reviewed and 79 grey literature publications reporting on digital technology use for surveillance across 90 countries and regions were retained for analysis. The most frequently used technologies included mobile phone devices and applications, location tracking technologies, drones, temperature scanning technologies, and wearable devices. The utility of digital technologies for public health surveillance was impacted by factors including uptake of digital technologies across targeted populations, technological capacity and errors, scope, validity and accuracy of data, guiding legal frameworks, and infrastructure to support technology use. Our findings raise important questions around the value of digital surveillance for public health and how to ensure successful use of technologies while mitigating potential harms not only in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also during other infectious disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Donelle
- College of Nursing, University of South
Carolina, USA
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Leigha Comer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Brad Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Jodi Hall
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | | | | | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Western University, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Burkell
- Faculty of Information and Media
Studies, Western University, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Schulich School of Medicine &
Dentistry, Western University, Canada
| | - Tommy Cooke
- Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen's University, Canada
| | - James M. Shelley
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and
Environment, Western University, Canada
| | - Marionette Ngole
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, Canada
| | - Danica Facca
- Faculty of Information and Media
Studies, Western University, Canada
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Donelle L, Hall J, Hiebert B, Shelley JJ, Smith MJ, Gilliland J, Stranges S, Kothari A, Burkell J, Cooke T, Long J, Shelley JM, Befus D, Comer L, Ngole M, Stanley M. Digital technology and disease surveillance in the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053962. [PMID: 34716168 PMCID: PMC8561829 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious diseases pose a risk to public health, requiring efficient strategies for disease prevention. Digital health surveillance technologies provide new opportunities to enhance disease prevention, detection, tracking, reporting and analysis. However, in addition to concerns regarding the effectiveness of these technologies in meeting public health goals, there are also concerns regarding the ethics, legality, safety and sustainability of digital surveillance technologies. This scoping review examines the literature on digital surveillance for public health purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic to identify health-related applications of digital surveillance technologies, and to highlight discussions of the implications of these technologies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and the guidelines outlined by Colquhoun et al and Levac et al. We will search Medline (Ovid), PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar and IEEE Explore for relevant studies published between December 2019 and December 2020. The review will also include grey literature. Data will be managed and analysed through an extraction table and thematic analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Findings will be disseminated through traditional academic channels, as well as social media channels and research briefs and infographics. We will target our dissemination to provincial and federal public health organisations, as well as technology companies and community-based organisations managing the public response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi Hall
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Nursing, Fanshawe College, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brad Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob J Shelley
- Faculty of Western Law, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Health Studies, Facutly of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maxwell J Smith
- School of Health Studies, Facutly of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- School of Health Studies, Facutly of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Geography and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- The Africa Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Facutly of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Burkell
- Faculty of Information and Media Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommy Cooke
- Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jed Long
- Geography and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M Shelley
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deanna Befus
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leigha Comer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marionette Ngole
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Stanley
- Department of Western Libraries, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Wang CY, Zheng RRC, Doerrer ZA, Kurta AO, Shelley JJ, Siegfried EC. Health care regulation, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and access to medicine: Our experience with dupilumab for children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:1568-1569. [PMID: 31958530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ye Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri.
| | | | | | - Anastasia O Kurta
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacob J Shelley
- Faculty of Law, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Health Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Tulsieram KL, Rinaldi S, Shelley JJ. Recommendations: Will the Tobacco and Vaping Products Act go far enough? Can J Public Health 2017; 108:e328-e330. [PMID: 28910258 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.108.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarette use among adolescents and young adults in Canada is increasing. Potvin's (2016) editorial outlined the need for more evidence on e-cigarettes as a gateway to combustible cigarettes and their toxicity. Since then, new evidence has emerged supporting the gateway effect and establishing toxicity. Health Canada has reviewed the evidence and recently opted to regulate e-cigarettes, including prohibiting brick-and-mortar retail access for youth under 18 years of age. However, many online e-cigarette retailers exist, which increases adolescents' access to e-cigarettes and currently unregulated nicotine-containing refills. Recent evidence on the toxicity of particular compounds in e-cigarette refills has demonstrated how these compounds may be amplified by certain types of e-cigarette devices. The toxicity of e-cigarettes is not only of concern to the user but potentially a concern to the public as well. The message that e-cigarettes have a benign effect on users and the public needs to change and should be reflected in Health Canada's future regulations concerning the Tobacco and Vaping Products Act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt L Tulsieram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada.
| | - Sylvia Rinaldi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Elborn College, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Jacob J Shelley
- Faculty of Law & School of Health Studies, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Shelley JJ. Addressing the policy cacophony does not require more evidence: an argument for reframing obesity as caloric overconsumption. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1042. [PMID: 23199375 PMCID: PMC3527165 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous policies have been proposed to address the public health problem of obesity, resulting in a policy cacophony. The noise of so many policy options renders it difficult for policymakers to determine which policies warrant implementation. This has resulted in calls for more and better evidence to support obesity policy. However, it is not clear that evidence is the solution. This paper argues that to address the policy cacophony it is necessary to rethink the problem of obesity, and more specifically, how the problem of obesity is framed. This paper argues that the frame "obesity" be replaced by the frame "caloric overconsumption", concluding that the frame caloric overconsumption can overcome the obesity policy cacophony. DISCUSSION Frames are important because they influence public policy. Understood as packages that define issues, frames influence how best to approach a problem. Consequently, debates over public policy are considered battles over framing, with small shifts in how an issue is framed resulting in significant changes to the policy environment. This paper presents a rationale for reframing the problem of obesity as caloric overconsumption. The frame "obesity" contributes to the policy cacophony by including policies aimed at both energy output and energy input. However, research increasingly demonstrates that energy input is the primary cause of obesity, and that increases in energy input are largely attributable to the food environment. By focusing on policies that aim to prevent increases in energy input, the frame caloric overconsumption will reduce the noise of the obesity policy cacophony. While the proposed frame will face some challenges, particularly industry opposition, policies aimed at preventing caloric overconsumption have a clearer focus, and can be more politically palatable if caloric overconsumption is seen as an involuntary risk resulting from the food environment. SUMMARY The paper concludes that policymakers will be able to make better sense of the obesity policy cacophony if the problem of obesity is reframed as caloric overconsumption. By focusing on a specific cause of obesity, energy input, the frame caloric overconsumption allows policymakers to focus on the most promising obesity prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Shelley
- Doctor of Juridical Science Candidate, Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 84 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C5, Canada.
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Shelley JJ. Can the Feres doctrine survive TRICARE, and should it? Mil Med 1998; 163:682-6. [PMID: 9795544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As the total force structure of the U.S. armed forces downsizes, the Military Health Services System (MHSS) is taking commensurate cuts in personnel and resources. To minimize costs and optimize readiness, the Department of Defense seeks to increase resource sharing and support provided by managed care support contracts under TRICARE as well as contracting of civilian providers to provide health care in military treatment facilities. Proponents of such arrangements claim that these options result in increased quality of, and improved access to, health services at a substantial savings for MHSS. Central to this controversy is the Feres doctrine, which prevents members of the armed services from suing the government for any death or injury that is in some way "incident to service." The purpose of this paper is to explore the liability issues posed by these new contractual arrangements as well as their potential effect on Feres doctrine reform.
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Shelley JJ, Shipman GL, Hecht RC. Adverse reaction to ibuprofen overdose. Gen Dent 1994; 42:414-6. [PMID: 7489872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Shelley JJ, Alsup CA. Mixing irreversible hydrocolloid with no bubbles or hassles. J Prosthet Dent 1992; 68:558-60. [PMID: 1432784 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(92)90434-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
A retrospective study of 898 teeth receiving root canal therapy was performed to document the sequelae of delayed completion of root canal treatment. Teeth were categorized into a prompt treatment group and a delayed treatment group. Comparisons of prompt and delayed treatment groups were made with regard to preoperative pain, interappointment emergencies, postobturation pain, and final treatment. Findings from this study show that a palliative endodontic procedure is an extremely effective treatment. However, 56% of teeth with incomplete root canal therapy eventually were extracted compared with 2 to 3% for the root canal filling treatment groups. By emphasizing the potential loss of the tooth rather than the potential of interappointment emergencies, the clinician may be more effective in achieving compliance among patients receiving delayed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wong
- US Army Dental Activities, Ft. Hood, TX
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Abstract
This article presents a brief review of the literature concerning the curriculum deemphasis for removable prosthodontics, especially on the subject of complete dentures. The authors surveyed commercial dental laboratories specializing in removable dental prosthetics in three major Texas cities to determine whether dentists were submitting adequate records and information with their complete denture work authorizations. Results indicate that dentists are requesting services from their laboratories without providing adequate records.
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Shelley JJ, Wong M. Prevalence of burnout among military dentists. Mil Med 1991; 156:113-8. [PMID: 1901970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who do "people work" of some kind. Health care providers, including dentists, are at high risk for burnout because their occupations often require intense interactions between themselves and fearful, demanding patients on a daily basis. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of burnout among military dentists practicing at a large installation using a standardized measurement device, the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results indicate that the military dentists surveyed experience low to moderate levels of burnout. The military dentists sampled, in general, scored lower for burnout when compared to the norms of society and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Shelley
- Advanced Educational Program in General Dentistry, Fort Hood, TX
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