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Lantos PM, Rumbaugh J, Bockenstedt LK, Falck-Ytter YT, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Auwaerter PG, Baldwin K, Bannuru RR, Belani KK, Bowie WR, Branda JA, Clifford DB, DiMario FJ, Halperin JJ, Krause PJ, Lavergne V, Liang MH, Meissner HC, Nigrovic LE, Nocton JJJ, Osani MC, Pruitt AA, Rips J, Rosenfeld LE, Savoy ML, Sood SK, Steere AC, Strle F, Sundel R, Tsao J, Vaysbrot EE, Wormser GP, Zemel LS. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Academy of Neurology, and American College of Rheumatology: 2020 Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Lyme Disease. Neurology 2020; 96:262-273. [PMID: 33257476 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease was developed by a multidisciplinary panel representing the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The scope of this guideline includes prevention of Lyme disease, and the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease presenting as erythema migrans, Lyme disease complicated by neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations, Eurasian manifestations of Lyme disease, and Lyme disease complicated by coinfection with other tick-borne pathogens. This guideline does not include comprehensive recommendations for babesiosis and tick-borne rickettsial infections, which are published in separate guidelines. The target audience for this guideline includes primary care physicians and specialists caring for this condition such as infectious diseases specialists, emergency physicians, internists, pediatricians, family physicians, neurologists, rheumatologists, cardiologists and dermatologists in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Lantos
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla.
| | - Jeffrey Rumbaugh
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Linda K Bockenstedt
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Yngve T Falck-Ytter
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Maria E Aguero-Rosenfeld
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Paul G Auwaerter
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Kelly Baldwin
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Raveendhara R Bannuru
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Kiran K Belani
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - William R Bowie
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - John A Branda
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - David B Clifford
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Francis J DiMario
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - John J Halperin
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Peter J Krause
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Valery Lavergne
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Matthew H Liang
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - H Cody Meissner
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Lise E Nigrovic
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - James Jay J Nocton
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Mikala C Osani
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Amy A Pruitt
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Jane Rips
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Lynda E Rosenfeld
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Margot L Savoy
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Sunil K Sood
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Allen C Steere
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Franc Strle
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Robert Sundel
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Jean Tsao
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Elizaveta E Vaysbrot
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Gary P Wormser
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
| | - Lawrence S Zemel
- From the Duke University School of Medicine (P.M.L.), Durham, NC; Pathway Neurology (J. Rumbaugh), Tampa, FL; Yale University (L.K.B., L.E.R.), New Haven, CT; Case Western Reserve University, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (Y.T.F.-Y.), Cleveland; New York University School of Medicine (M.E.A.-R.), New York; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (P.G.A.), Baltimore, MD; Geisinger Medical Center (K.B.), Danville, PA; Tufts Medical Center (R.R.B., H.C.M., M.C.O., E.E.V.), Boston, MA; Childrens Hospital and Clinical of Minnesota (K.K.B.), Minneapolis; University of British Columbia (W.R.B.), Vancouver Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital (J.A.B., A.C.S.), Boston; Washington University School of Medicine (D.B.C.), St. Louis, Missouri; Connecticut Children's Medical Center (F.J.D.M., L.S.Z.), Hartford, CT; Atlantic Health System (J.J.H.), Summit, NJ; Yale School of Public Health (P.J.K.), New Haven, CT; University of Montreal (V.L.), Quebec, Canada; Brigham and Women's Hospital (M.H.L.), Boston, MA; Boston Children's Hospital (L.E.N., R.S.), Massachusetts; Medical College of Wisconsin (J.(J.)J.N.), Waowatosa; University of Pennsylvania (A.A.P.), Philadelphia; Consumer Representative (J. Rips), Omaha, NE; Temple University (M.L.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Northwell Health (S.K.S.), New York, NY; University Medical Centre Ljubljana (F.S.), Slovenia; Michigan State University (J.T.), East Lansing; and New York Medical College (G.P.W.), Valhalla
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