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Soares RRG, Azevedo AM, Van Alstine JM, Aires-Barros MR. Partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems: Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Biotechnol J 2015. [PMID: 26213222 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For half a century aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been applied for the extraction and purification of biomolecules. In spite of their simplicity, selectivity, and relatively low cost they have not been significantly employed for industrial scale bioprocessing. Recently their ability to be readily scaled and interface easily in single-use, flexible biomanufacturing has led to industrial re-evaluation of ATPSs. The purpose of this review is to perform a SWOT analysis that includes a discussion of: (i) strengths of ATPS partitioning as an effective and simple platform for biomolecule purification; (ii) weaknesses of ATPS partitioning in regard to intrinsic problems and possible solutions; (iii) opportunities related to biotechnological challenges that ATPS partitioning may solve; and (iv) threats related to alternative techniques that may compete with ATPS in performance, economic benefits, scale up and reliability. This approach provides insight into the current status of ATPS as a bioprocessing technique and it can be concluded that most of the perceived weakness towards industrial implementation have now been largely overcome, thus paving the way for opportunities in fermentation feed clarification, integration in multi-stage operations and in single-step purification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R G Soares
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M Azevedo
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James M Van Alstine
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,JMVA Biotech, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Raquel Aires-Barros
- IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Fexby S, Ihre H, Bülow L, Van Alstine JM. Novel in situ polymerized coatings for hydrophobic interaction chromatography media. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:234-41. [PMID: 17624362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and other capture media are typically produced by grafting different ligands to base matrices at defined surface densities. This often complicates media production. An alternative approach to media involving in situ radical initiated polymerization was used to graft polymer coatings directly at Sepharose(R) polymeric base matrices. This method appears suitable for producing many different chromatography media on a variety of base matrices. In the present study, it also favorably increased the solution pressure-flow properties of a Sepharose base matrix used to produce HIC media. A wide range of HIC media could be produced by simply varying the reaction ratio of butyl vinyl ether, and hydroxybutyl vinyl ether. The new HIC media was evaluated using five test proteins (bovine serum albumin, ribonuclease A, alpha-chymotrypsinogen A, myoglobin and alpha-lactalbumin). The media exhibited classic HIC behavior, predictably controlled hydrophobicity, plus good protein selectivity, capacity (70mgprotein/ml gel) and often total protein recovery. By modifying the degree of matrix hydrophobicity, we could also reduce effects of protein denaturation often seen with conventional HIC and observed as multiple peaks in the chromatograms. Separation of crude protein extracts from Eschericha coli, expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) and, a more hydrophobic, recombinantly-modified, tyrosine-tagged green fluorescent protein (YPYPY-GFPuv), was also performed. These proteins were very stable, exhibited significantly different retention times, and could be used to study the ability of the media to work with complex protein mixtures. Such GFP mutants appear ideal for characterizing the performance of chromatographic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fexby
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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Ljunglöf A, Lacki KM, Mueller J, Harinarayan C, van Reis R, Fahrner R, Van Alstine JM. Ion exchange chromatography of antibody fragments. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 96:515-24. [PMID: 17096387 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Effects of pH and conductivity on the ion exchange chromatographic purification of an antigen-binding antibody fragment (Fab) of pI 8.0 were investigated. Normal sulfopropyl (SP) group modified agarose particles (SP Sepharosetrade mark Fast Flow) and dextran modified particles (SP Sepharose XL) were studied. Chromatographic measurements including adsorption isotherms and dynamic breakthrough binding capacities, were complemented with laser scanning confocal microscopy. As expected static equilibrium and dynamic binding capacities were generally reduced by increasing mobile phase conductivity (1-25 mS/cm). However at pH 4 on SP Sepharose XL, Fab dynamic binding capacity increased from 130 to 160 (mg/mL media) as mobile phase conductivity changed from 1 to 5 mS/cm. Decreasing protein net charge by increasing pH from 4 to 5 at 1.3 mS/cm caused dynamic binding capacity to increase from 130 to 180 mg/mL. Confocal scanning laser microscopy studies indicate such increases were due to faster intra-particle mass transport and hence greater utilization of the media's available binding capacity. Such results are in agreement with recent studies related to ion exchange of whole antibody molecules under similar conditions.
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Van Alstine JM, Synder RS, Karr LJ, Harris JM. Cell Separation with Counter-Current Chromatography and Thin-Layer Countercurrent Distribution in Aqueous Two-Phase System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918508074132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Johansson HO, Van Alstine JM. Modeling of protein interactions with surface-grafted charged polymers. Correlations between statistical molecular modeling and a mean field approach. Langmuir 2006; 22:8920-30. [PMID: 17014136 DOI: 10.1021/la060941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange media involving charge groups attached to flexible polymers are widely used for protein purification. Such media often provide enhanced target protein purity and yield. Yet, little is understood about protein interaction with such media at the molecular level, or how different media architectures might affect separation performance. To gain a better understanding of such adsorptive systems, statistical mechanical perturbation calculations, utilizing a Debye-Hückel potential, were performed on surface-grafted charged polymers and their interaction with model proteins. The studied systems were weakly charged, and the polymers were linear and relatively short (degree of polymerization is 30). Segment distributions from the surface were also determined. The interaction of spherical model protein particles of 12-30 A radius were investigated with respect to polymer grafting density, distance from matrix surface, protein charge, and ionic strength. The partitioning coefficient of the model proteins was determined for different distances from the surface. An empirical mean field theory that scales the entropy of the protein with the square of the protein radius correlates well to Monte Carlo statistical modeling results. Upon adsorption to the polymer layers, the model proteins exhibit a critical surface charge density that is proportional to the ionic strength, independent of the grafting density, and appears to be a fundamental determinant of protein adsorption. Partitioning of protein-like nanoparticles to the charged polymer surface is only favored above the particle critical charge density.
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Abstract
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to determine the viscosity radii of equivalent spheres for proteins covalently grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The viscosity radius of such PEGylated proteins was found to depend on the molecular weight of the native protein and the total weight of grafted PEG but not on PEG molecular weight, or PEG-to-protein molar grafting ratio. Results suggest grafted PEG's form a dynamic layer over the surface of proteins. The geometry of this layer results in a surface area-to-volume ratio approximately equal to that of a randomly coiled PEG molecule of equivalent total molecular weight. Two simple methods are given to predict the viscosity radius of PEGylated proteins. Both methods accurately predicted (3% absolute error) the viscosity radii of various PEG-proteins produced using three native proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (14.2 kDa MW), beta-lactoglobulin dimer (37.4 kDa MW), and bovine serum albumin (66.7 kDa MW), three PEG reagents (2400, 5600, and 22500 MW), and molar grafting ratios of 0 to 8. Accurate viscosity radius prediction allows calculation of the distribution coefficient, K(av), for PEG-proteins in SEC. The suitability of a given SEC step for the analytical or preparative fractionation of different PEGylated protein mixtures may therefore be assessed mathematically. The methods and results offer insight to several factors related to the production, purification, and uses of PEGylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conan J Fee
- Department of Materials and Process Engineering, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 2020, New Zealand.
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Harris JM, Case MG, Hovanes BA, Van Alstine JM, Brooks DE. Purification of biomaterials by phase-partitioning with poly(ethylene glycol)-alkyl ether. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/i300013a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hayes DG, Asplund AL, Van Alstine JM, Zhang X. Molecular weight-based fractionation of poly-l- and poly-d,l-lactic acid polymers via a simple inclusion compound based process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/ss-120002216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hayes DG, Van Alstine JM, Setterwall F. Urea-based fractionation of seed oil samples containing fatty acids and acylglycerols of polyunsaturated and hydroxy fatty acids. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-000-0033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G. Hayes
- ; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Alabama in Huntsville; 35899 Huntsville Alabama
| | - James M. Van Alstine
- ; Department of Chemistry; University of Alabama in Huntsville; 35899 Huntsville Alabama
- ; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 28 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Fredrik Setterwall
- ; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Royal Institute of Technology; Teknikringen 28 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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Van Alstine JM, Malmsten M, Long MM, King Johnson V, DeLucas LJ. Polymer coatings for improved protein crystal growth. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(99)00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Knox RJ, Burns NL, Van Alstine JM, Harris JM, Seaman GVF. Automated Particle Electrophoresis: Modeling and Control of Adverse Chamber Surface Properties. Anal Chem 1998; 70:2268-79. [DOI: 10.1021/ac970913k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Knox
- Emerald Diagnostics, Eugene, Oregon 97402, Institute for Surface Chemistry, POB 5607, SE 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norman L. Burns
- Emerald Diagnostics, Eugene, Oregon 97402, Institute for Surface Chemistry, POB 5607, SE 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James M. Van Alstine
- Emerald Diagnostics, Eugene, Oregon 97402, Institute for Surface Chemistry, POB 5607, SE 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Milton Harris
- Emerald Diagnostics, Eugene, Oregon 97402, Institute for Surface Chemistry, POB 5607, SE 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey V. F. Seaman
- Emerald Diagnostics, Eugene, Oregon 97402, Institute for Surface Chemistry, POB 5607, SE 114 86, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, and Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Emoto K, Harris JM, Van Alstine JM. Grafting Poly(ethylene glycol) Epoxide to Amino-Derivatized Quartz: Effect of Temperature and pH on Grafting Density. Anal Chem 1996; 68:3751-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac960114m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Van Alstine JM, Burns NL, Riggs JA, Holmberg K, Harris J. Electrokinetic characterization of hydrophilic polymer coatings of biotechnical significance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(93)80111-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Van Alstine JM, Sharp K, Brooks DE. Critical micelle concentration dependence on head-group size in polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(86)80239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Harris JM, Struck EC, Case MG, Paley MS, Yalpani M, Van Alstine JM, Brooks DE. Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.1984.170220207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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