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Reese MS, Bonanno MG, Bower JK, Moore CE, Zhang S. C-N Bond Formation at Discrete Cu III-Aryl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26810-26816. [PMID: 38050828 PMCID: PMC11019775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper(III) aryl species are widely proposed as intermediates in Cu-catalyzed C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation reactions. Despite their wide utility, mechanistic aspects of C-heteroatom formation at CuIII centers as well as factors that lead to byproducts, e.g., Ar-H, Ar-Ar, remain elusive due to the rarity of discrete CuIII-Ar complexes. Herein, we report the synthesis and reactivity of a series of CuII and CuIII aryl complexes that closely mimic the intermediates in Cu-catalyzed C-N coupling reactions. Copper(II) aryl complexes [TBA][LCuII-ArR] were synthesized via the treatment of CuII with a range of aryl donors, such as ZnAr2R, TMS-ArR, and ArR-Bpin. Oxidation of [TBA][LCuII-ArR] produces formal copper(III) aryl complexes LCuIII-ArR. Treatment of copper(III) aryl complexes with neutral nitrogen nucleophiles produces the C-N coupling product in up to 64% yield, along with commonly observed byproducts, such as Ar-H and Ar-Ar. Hammett analysis of the C-N bond formation performed with various N-nucleophiles shows a ρ value of -1.66, consistent with the electrophilic character of LCuIII-ArR. We propose mechanisms for common side reactions in Cu-catalyzed coupling reactions that lead to the formation of Ar-Ar and Ar-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell S Reese
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mitchell G Bonanno
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jamey K Bower
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Bower JK, Reese MS, Mazin IM, Zarnitsa LM, Cypcar AD, Moore CE, Sokolov AY, Zhang S. C(sp 3)-H cyanation by a formal copper(iii) cyanide complex. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1301-1307. [PMID: 36756315 PMCID: PMC9891353 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06573h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High-valent metal oxo complexes are prototypical intermediates for the activation and hydroxylation of alkyl C-H bonds. Substituting the oxo ligand with other functional groups offers the opportunity for additional C-H functionalization beyond C-O bond formation. However, few species aside from metal oxo complexes have been reported to both activate and functionalize alkyl C-H bonds. We herein report the first example of an isolated copper(iii) cyanide complex (LCuIIICN) and its C-H cyanation reactivity. We found that the redox potential (E ox) of substrates, instead of C-H bond dissociation energy, is a key determinant of the rate of PCET, suggesting an oxidative asynchronous CPET or ETPT mechanism. Among substrates with the same BDEs, those with low redox potentials transfer H atoms up to a million-fold faster. Capitalizing on this mechanistic insight, we found that LCuIIICN is highly selective for cyanation of amines, which is predisposed to oxidative asynchronous or stepwise transfer of H+/e-. Our study demonstrates that the asynchronous effect of PCET is an appealing tool for controlling the selectivity of C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamey K. Bower
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University100 W. 18 AveColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Maxwell S. Reese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University100 W. 18 AveColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Ilia M. Mazin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University100 W. 18 AveColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Lina M. Zarnitsa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University100 W. 18 AveColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Andrew D. Cypcar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University100 W. 18 AveColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University100 W. 18 AveColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University100 W. 18 AveColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
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Bower JK, Cypcar AD, Henriquez B, Stieber SCE, Zhang S. Correction to "C(sp 3)-H Fluorination with a Copper(II)/(III) Redox Couple". J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6118-6119. [PMID: 35319887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds, few reactions are able to incorporate fluoride ions directly into alkyl C-H bonds. Here, we report the C(sp3)-H fluorination reactivity of a formally copper(III) fluoride complex. The C-H fluorination intermediate, LCuF, along with its chloride and bromide analogues, LCuCl and LCuBr, were prepared directly from halide sources with a chemical oxidant and fully characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantum chemical calculations reveal significant halide radical character for all complexes, suggesting their ability to initiate and terminate a C(sp3)-H halogenation sequence by sequential hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) and radical capture. The capability of HAA by the formally copper(III) halide complexes was explored with 9,10-dihydroanthracene, revealing that LCuF exhibits rates 2 orders of magnitude higher than LCuCl and LCuBr. In contrast, all three complexes efficiently capture carbon radicals to afford C(sp3)-halogen bonds. Mechanistic investigation of radical capture with a triphenylmethyl radical revealed that LCuF proceeds through a concerted mechanism, while LCuCl and LCuBr follow a stepwise electron transfer-halide transfer pathway. The capability of LCuF to perform both hydrogen atom abstraction and radical capture was leveraged to enable fluorination of allylic and benzylic C-H bonds and α-C-H bonds of ethers at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamey K Bower
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew D Cypcar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Brenda Henriquez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - S Chantal E Stieber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamey K. Bower
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
| | - Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamey K. Bower
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
| | - Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
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Tao W, Bower JK, Moore CE, Zhang S. Dicopper μ-Oxo, μ-Nitrosyl Complex from the Activation of NO or Nitrite at a Dicopper Center. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10159-10164. [PMID: 31244169 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jamey K. Bower
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Bower JK, Barpaga D, Prodinger S, Krishna R, Schaef HT, McGrail BP, Derewinski MA, Motkuri RK. Dynamic Adsorption of CO 2/N 2 on Cation-Exchanged Chabazite SSZ-13: A Breakthrough Analysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:14287-14291. [PMID: 29664603 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-exchanged SSZ-13 adsorbents were investigated for their applicability in separating N2 from CO2 in flue gas streams using a dynamic breakthrough method. In contrast to IAST calculations based on equilibrium isotherms, K+ exchanged SSZ-13 was found to yield the best N2 productivity, comparable to Ni-MOF-74, under dynamic conditions where diffusion properties play a significant role. This was attributed to the selective, partial blockage of access to the chabazite cavities, enhancing the separation potential in a 15/85 CO2/N2 binary gas mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamey K Bower
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Dushyant Barpaga
- Energy and Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Sebastian Prodinger
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Rajamani Krishna
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - H Todd Schaef
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - B Peter McGrail
- Energy and Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Miroslaw A Derewinski
- Physical and Computational Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Radha Kishan Motkuri
- Energy and Environment Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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