1
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Newland A, Banks E, Halámek J. Who Shot the Bullet? Projectile Composition Characterization as an Evolutionary Method for Enhancement of Ballistics Evidence Analysis. ACS Omega 2024; 9:3342-3348. [PMID: 38284046 PMCID: PMC10809696 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Toolmark and Firearm examiners' opinions have fallen under scrutiny as inadmissible ballistics evidence has led to the possibility of wrongful convictions and cold cases that could have been solved with the presence of a physical bullet, casing, and/or weapon at the crime scene. This research provides a solution for subjective-based conclusions and the absence of physical evidence altogether. Analysis of bullet material using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) has distinguished bullet composition between manufacturers from a surface scratch. This provides proof of concept that, when a bullet strikes a surface, metal deposits can be extracted and analyzed to corroborate microscopy techniques that currently violate Daubert criteria. Further studies could also provide results to distinguish barrel manufacturers from fired bullets and casings. This novel method of analysis can pave the way for crime scene collection procedures in the absence of physical evidence and provide an increase in scientific value to the expert's conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Newland
- The
Institute for Forensic Science, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States
| | - Emilynn Banks
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech
University, 1207 Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- The
Institute for Forensic Science, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States
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2
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Greco M, Eldridge M, Banks E, Halámková L, Halámek J. Metabolite monitoring concept for the biometric identification of individuals from the skin surface. Analyst 2024; 149:350-356. [PMID: 38018892 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at proof of concept that constant monitoring of the concentrations of metabolites in three individuals' sweat over time can differentiate one from another at any given time, providing investigators and analysts with increased ability and means to individualize this bountiful biological sample. A technique was developed to collect and extract authentic sweat samples from three female volunteers for the analysis of lactate, urea, and L-alanine levels. These samples were collected 21 times over a 40-day period and quantified using a series of bioaffinity-based enzymatic assays with UV-vis spectrophotometric detection. Sweat samples were simultaneously dried, derivatized, and analyzed by a GC-MS technique for comparison. Both UV-vis and GC-MS analysis methods provided a statistically significant MANOVA result, demonstrating that the sum of the three metabolites could differentiate each individual at any given day of the time interval. Expanding upon previous studies, this experiment aims to establish a method of metabolite monitoring as opposed to single-point analyses for application to biometric identification from the skin surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Greco
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Morgan Eldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Institute for Forensic Science, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, USA.
| | - Emilynn Banks
- Institute for Forensic Science, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, USA.
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Institute for Forensic Science, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, USA.
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Institute for Forensic Science, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, Texas 79416, USA.
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3
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Bollella P, Pita M, Gamella M, Halámek J. Implantable bioelectrochemistry: 70 years across "Cyborg" organisms and logically operated bioelectronics. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 154:108505. [PMID: 37455186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Professor Evgeny Katz (Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, USA) was born on 11th August 1952, and he turned 70 years old last summer. This special collection entitled Implanted Enzymatic Fuel Cells and Biosensors: Fundamentals to Applications is dedicated to Evgeny on this landmark occasion. This brief preface gives some personal insights into Evgeny's career beyond the scientific perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marcos Pita
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Gamella
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University 1207 Gilbert Drive, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX, USA
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4
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Brunelle E, Eldridge M, Halámek J. Determination of Time since Deposition of Fingerprints via Colorimetric Assays. ACS Omega 2021; 6:12898-12903. [PMID: 34056441 PMCID: PMC8154226 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Past investigations involving fingerprints have revolved heavily around the image of the fingerprint-including the minutiae, scarring, and other distinguishing features-to visually find a match to its originator. Recently, it has been proven that the biochemical composition can be used to determine originator attributes, such as sex, via chemical and enzymatic cascades. While this provides pertinent information about the originator's identity, it is not the only piece of information that can be provided. This research was designed with three goals in mind: (1) identify how long it would take before an aged female fingerprint could no longer be differentiated from a male fingerprint, (2) identify a correlation between the data collected and a specific time since deposition (TSD) time point, and (3) identify if a specific amino acid could be contributing to the decreasing response seen for the aging fingerprints. Using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, aged fingerprints were evaluated over the course of 12 weeks via three chemical assays previously used for fingerprint analysis-the ninhydrin assay, the Bradford assay, and the Sakaguchi assay. As fingerprints age, the conditions they are exposed to cause the biochemical composition to decompose. As this occurs, there is less available to be detected by analytical means. This results in a less intense color production and, thus, a lower measured absorbance. The results displayed here afforded the ability to conclude that all three goals set forth for this research were accomplished-a female fingerprint can be differentiated from a male fingerprint for at least 12 weeks, UV-vis data collected from aged fingerprints can be correlated to a TSD range but not necessarily a specific time point, and the decomposition of at least a single amino acid can afford the ability to estimate the TSD of the fingerprint.
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5
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Brunelle E, Thibodeau B, Shoemaker A, Halámek J. Step toward Roadside Sensing: Noninvasive Detection of a THC Metabolite from the Sweat Content of Fingerprints. ACS Sens 2019; 4:3318-3324. [PMID: 31793770 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sudden increase in states legalizing marijuana has forced law enforcement into a situation where the use and consumption are legal, but there are no limitations for what is acceptable for driving or operating machinery. Using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, fingerprints from volunteers who had used marijuana were analyzed via a competitive immunoassay for the detection of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive component of marijuana, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH), one of the main metabolites produced in the body following the use/consumption of THC-related products. In this research, the THC-COOH metabolite and the enzyme-labeled conjugate compete against each other as the antigens for the system. The antibody used in this assay has a greater affinity for the metabolite; so, as its concentration increases, the absorbance of the system decreases due to less binding of the enzyme-labeled conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Brunelle
- Dept. of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Brenna Thibodeau
- Dept. of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alyssa Shoemaker
- Dept. of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Dept. of Chemistry, University at Albany State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, New York 12222, United States
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6
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Hair ME, Gerkman R, Mathis AI, Halámková L, Halámek J. Noninvasive Concept for Optical Ethanol Sensing on the Skin Surface with Camera-Based Quantification. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15860-15865. [PMID: 31739666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Law enforcement and the general public do not yet have adequate means of assessing and preventing drunk driving. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is unable to be determined on-site, as it typically requires the use of complex chromatographic methods. Breathalyzers have been well established in law enforcement for correlating breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) to BAC estimations, as they involve portable equipment with rapid analysis times. Although these BrAC measurements allow police officers to determine probable cause and to arrest an intoxicated driver at the scene, the results are preliminary and are not often considered as evidence in court. A new, noninvasive method was developed to assess an individual's level of intoxication based on the presence of ethanol in sweat on the skin surface. This intuitive system uses two enzymes, alcohol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase, to correlate ethanol sweat concentrations to the production of a color that is visible to the naked eye. The results of the controlled drinking study demonstrate the ability of both the spectrophotometric and the visualization system to quantify the amount of ethanol within authentic sweat samples collected from individuals who had consumed an alcoholic beverage. The pictorial analysis allows for the system to be analyzed without the use of a UV-vis spectrophotometer. With this method, a smartphone application would be capable of documenting and evaluating the intoxication levels of an individual based on sweat ethanol levels. The developed alcohol sensing system has the potential to impact both the general public and law enforcement, as well as the fields of forensic and biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy E Hair
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Ryan Gerkman
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Adrianna I Mathis
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
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7
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Abstract
The research presented here shows a bridge between biochemistry and cryptography. Enzyme-based assays were used in a new methodology linked to ciphers and cipher systems. Three separate enzyme assays, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (E.C. 3.1.3.1), lysozyme (E.C. 3.2.1.17), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (E.C. 1.11.1.7), were used to create a cipher key in order to encrypt a message. By choosing certain parameters for one's experiment that are performed in the same way as a person receiving the message, correct encryption and decryption keys would be produced, resulting in a correct encryption and decryption of a message. It is imperative that both parties perform the same experiment under the same conditions in order to correctly interpret the message. Bioaffinity-based assays, in particular enzymatic assays, provide a specific, yet flexible mechanism to use for the encryption of messages. Because of the nature of this process there are a multitude of sets of parameters that may be chosen, each of which would result in a different key being produced, heightening the security and the robustness of the method. This paper shows that by using this concept of forming encryption keys using a bioaffinity-based approach, one is able to properly encrypt and decrypt a message, which could be viable for other biochemically based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif K. McGoldrick
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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8
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Langer P, Jurák P, Vondra V, Halámek J, Mešťaník M, Tonhajzerová I, Viščor I, Soukup L, Matejkova M, Závodná E, Leinveber P. Respiratory-induced hemodynamic changes measured by whole-body multichannel impedance plethysmography. Physiol Res 2018; 67:571-581. [PMID: 29750877 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is described by parameters including blood flow, blood distribution, blood pressure, heart rate and pulse wave velocity. Dynamic changes and mutual interactions of these parameters are important for understanding the physiological mechanisms in the cardiovascular system. The main objective of this study is to introduce a new technique based on parallel continuous bioimpedance measurements on different parts of the body along with continuous blood pressure, ECG and heart sound measurement during deep and spontaneous breathing to describe interactions of cardiovascular parameters. Our analysis of 30 healthy young adults shows surprisingly strong deep-breathing linkage of blood distribution in the legs, arms, neck and thorax. We also show that pulse wave velocity is affected by deep breathing differently in the abdominal aorta and extremities. Spontaneous breathing does not induce significant changes in cardiovascular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Langer
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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9
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Abstract
Sweat is a biological fluid present on the skin surface of every individual and is known to contain amino acids as well as other low molecular weight compounds. (1) Each individual is inherently different from one another based on certain factors including, but not limited to, his/her genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle. As such, the biochemical composition of each person greatly differs. The concentrations of the biochemical content within an individual's sweat are largely controlled by metabolic processes within the body that fluctuate regularly based on attributes such as age, sex, and activity level. Therefore, the concentrations of these sweat components are person-specific and can be exploited, as presented here, to differentiate individuals based on trace amounts of sweat. For this concept, we analyzed three model compounds-lactate, urea, and glutamate. The average absorbance change from each compound in sweat was determined using three separate bioaffinity-based systems: lactate oxidase coupled with horseradish peroxidase (LOx-HRP), urease coupled with glutamate dehydrogenase (UR-GlDH), and glutamate dehydrogenase alone (GlDH). After optimization of a linear dependence for each assay to its respective analyte, analysis was performed on 50 mimicked sweat samples. Additionally, a collection and extraction method was developed and optimized by our group to evaluate authentic sweat samples from the skin surface of 25 individuals. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test was performed to demonstrate that these three single-analyte enzymatic assays were effectively used to identify each person in both sample sets. This novel sweat analysis approach is capable of differentiating individuals, without the use of DNA, based on the collective responses from the chosen metabolic compounds in sweat. Applications for this newly developed, noninvasive analysis can include the field of forensic science in order to differentiate between individuals as well as the fields of homeland security and cybersecurity for personal authentication via unlocking mechanisms in smart devices that monitor metabolites. Through further development and analysis, this concept also has the potential to be clinically applicable in monitoring the health of individuals based on particular biomarker combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy E Hair
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Adrianna I Mathis
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Erica K Brunelle
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
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10
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Brunelle E, Huynh C, Alin E, Eldridge M, Le AM, Halámková L, Halámek J. Correction to Fingerprint Analysis: Moving Toward Multiattribute Determination via Individual Markers. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2401. [PMID: 29345896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Brunelle E, Huynh C, Alin E, Eldridge M, Le AM, Halámková L, Halámek J. Fingerprint Analysis: Moving Toward Multiattribute Determination via Individual Markers. Anal Chem 2017; 90:980-987. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Brunelle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Crystal Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Eden Alin
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Morgan Eldridge
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Anh Minh Le
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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12
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Brázdil M, Pail M, Halámek J, Plešinger F, Cimbálník J, Roman R, Klimeš P, Daniel P, Chrastina J, Brichtová E, Rektor I, Jurák P. Interictal very fast ripples (500-1000 Hz) and ultra fast ripples (1-2 kHz): Novel biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Agudelo J, Privman V, Halámek J. Back Cover: Promises and Challenges in Continuous Tracking Utilizing Amino Acids in Skin Secretions for Active Multi-Factor Biometric Authentication for Cybersecurity (ChemPhysChem 13/2017). Chemphyschem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Vladimir Privman
- Department of Physics; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany NY 12222 USA
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14
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Agudelo J, Privman V, Halámek J. Promises and Challenges in Continuous Tracking Utilizing Amino Acids in Skin Secretions for Active Multi-Factor Biometric Authentication for Cybersecurity. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1714-1720. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Vladimir Privman
- Department of Physics; Clarkson University; Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany NY 12222 USA
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15
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Huynh C, Brunelle E, Agudelo J, Halámek J. Bioaffinity-based assay for the sensitive detection and discrimination of sweat aimed at forensic applications. Talanta 2017; 170:210-214. [PMID: 28501160 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sweat is a well-known piece of biological evidence that is actually used much less than expected. Biological samples are important because their components can often provide some type of information about a person-of-interest. Sweat, in particular, is important because of its DNA content which can be extracted and analyzed to provide information that can be imperative to a criminal investigation. While it is a very important source of forensic information, the methods for detection and discrimination of sweat are limited, causing it to be overlooked during evidence collection. This manuscript presents a biocatalytic method for sweat detection that utilizes an enzyme cascade system that has the capability to detect trace amounts of sweat and distinguish it from saliva, even after the sample has dried. The results show the initial calibration studies performed to insure that the cascade performs well using both mimicked and authentic sweat samples which have components that could negatively affect the enzymes needed for the analysis. The method presented here also has the potential to be adapted for on-site analysis. The initial results of the development of a sweat-sensitive strip are shown here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Huynh
- University at Albany, State University of New York, United States
| | - Erica Brunelle
- University at Albany, State University of New York, United States
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- University at Albany, State University of New York, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- University at Albany, State University of New York, United States.
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16
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Brunelle E, Le AM, Huynh C, Wingfield K, Halámková L, Agudelo J, Halámek J. Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 Dye: An Application for Forensic Fingerprint Analysis. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4314-4319. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Brunelle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Anh Minh Le
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Crystal Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Kelly Wingfield
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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17
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18
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Agudelo J, Halámková L, Brunelle E, Rodrigues R, Huynh C, Halámek J. Ages at a Crime Scene: Simultaneous Estimation of the Time since Deposition and Age of Its Originator. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6479-84. [PMID: 27212711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blood is a major contributor of evidence in investigations involving violent crimes because of the unique composition of proteins and low molecular weight compounds present in the circulatory system, which often serve as biomarkers in clinical diagnostics. It was recently shown that biomarkers present in blood can also identify characteristics of the originator, such as ethnicity and biological sex. A biocatalytic assay for on-site forensic investigations was developed to simultaneously identify the age range of the blood sample originator and the time since deposition (TSD) of the blood spot. For these two characteristics to be identified, the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker commonly used in clinical diagnostics corresponding to old and young originators, were monitored after deposition for up to 48 h to mimic a crime scene setting. ALP was chosen as the biomarker due to its age-dependent nature. The biocatalytic assay was used to determine the age range of the originator using human serum samples. By means of statistical tools for evaluation and the physiological levels of ALP in healthy people, the applicability of this assay in forensic science was shown for the simultaneous determination of the age of the originator and the TSD of the blood spot. The stability of ALP in serum allows for the differentiation between old and young originators up to 2 days after the sample was left under mimicked crime scene conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Erica Brunelle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Roselyn Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Crystal Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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19
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Bočková M, Chládek J, Jurák P, Halámek J, Rapcsak S, Baláž M, Chrastina J, Rektor I. Alpha and beta power decrease during enhanced cognitive effort in the basal ganglia: An intracerebral recording study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Štillová K, Bočková M, Jurák P, Chládek J, Chrastina J, Halámek J, Telecká S, Říha I, Rektor I. ID 88 – Anterior thalamus in cognition: An intracerebral recording study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Brunelle E, Huynh C, Le AM, Halámková L, Agudelo J, Halámek J. New Horizons for Ninhydrin: Colorimetric Determination of Gender from Fingerprints. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2413-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Brunelle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Crystal Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Anh Minh Le
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Erica Brunelle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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23
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Moseley F, Halámek J, Kramer F, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Katz E. An enzyme-based reversible CNOT logic gate realized in a flow system. Analyst 2015; 139:1839-42. [PMID: 24603754 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme system organized in a flow device was used to mimic a reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate with two input and two output signals. Reversible conversion of NAD(+) and NADH cofactors was used to perform a XOR logic operation, while biocatalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate resulted in an Identity operation working in parallel. The first biomolecular realization of a CNOT gate is promising for integration into complex biomolecular networks and future biosensor/biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Moseley
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA.
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24
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Abstract
A bioaffinity-driven cascade assay was developed to determine the time elapsed from the point a blood sample was left at a crime scene to the point of discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- Albany NY 12222
- USA
| | - Crystal Huynh
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- Albany NY 12222
- USA
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Albany
- Albany NY 12222
- USA
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25
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Mailloux S, Halámek J, Katz E. A model system for targeted drug release triggered by biomolecular signals logically processed through enzyme logic networks. Analyst 2014; 139:982-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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27
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Privman V, Zavalov O, Halámková L, Moseley F, Halámek J, Katz E. Networked Enzymatic Logic Gates with Filtering: New Theoretical Modeling Expressions and Their Experimental Application. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14928-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lenka Halámková
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | | | - Jan Halámek
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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28
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Bakshi S, Zavalov O, Halámek J, Privman V, Katz E. Modularity of Biochemical Filtering for Inducing Sigmoid Response in Both Inputs in an Enzymatic AND Gate. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9857-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4058675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Bakshi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York
13676, United States
| | - Oleksandr Zavalov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York
13676, United States
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York
13676, United States
| | - Vladimir Privman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York
13676, United States
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York
13676, United States
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29
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Privman V, Fratto BE, Zavalov O, Halámek J, Katz E. Enzymatic AND logic gate with sigmoid response induced by photochemically controlled oxidation of the output. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7559-68. [PMID: 23731012 DOI: 10.1021/jp404054f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of a system which involves an enzymatic cascade realizing an AND logic gate, with an added photochemical processing of the output, allowing the gate's response to be made sigmoid in both inputs. New functional forms are developed for quantifying the kinetics of such systems, specifically designed to model their response in terms of signal and information processing. These theoretical expressions are tested for the studied system, which also allows us to consider aspects of biochemical information processing such as noise transmission properties and control of timing of the chemical and physical steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Privman
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13676, USA
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30
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Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Foote C, MacVittie K, Halámek J, Halámková L, Martinez-Lemus LA, Katz E. Biofuel Cell Operating in Vivo in Rat. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Bočková M, Chládek J, Šímová L, Jurák P, Halámek J, Rektor I. Oscillatory changes in cognitive networks activated during a three-stimulus visual paradigm: An intracerebral study. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:283-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Southcott M, MacVittie K, Halámek J, Halámková L, Jemison WD, Lobel R, Katz E. A pacemaker powered by an implantable biofuel cell operating under conditions mimicking the human blood circulatory system – battery not included. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6278-83. [PMID: 23519144 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50929j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Southcott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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33
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Mailloux S, Halámek J, Halámková L, Tokarev A, Minko S, Katz E. Biomolecular release triggered by glucose input – bioelectronic coupling of sensing and actuating systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4755-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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MacVittie K, Halámek J, Privman V, Katz E. A bioinspired associative memory system based on enzymatic cascades. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6962-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Kramer F, Halámková L, Poghossian A, Schöning MJ, Katz E, Halámek J. Biocatalytic analysis of biomarkers for forensic identification of ethnicity between Caucasian and African American groups. Analyst 2013; 138:6251-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01062g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Chládek J, Brázdil M, Halámek J, Plešinger F, Jurák P. Statistical significance of task related deep brain EEG dynamic changes in the time-frequency domain. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:1025-1028. [PMID: 24109865 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an off-line analysis procedure for exploring brain activity recorded from intra-cerebral electroencephalographic data (SEEG). The objective is to determine the statistical differences between different types of stimulations in the time-frequency domain. The procedure is based on computing relative signal power change and subsequent statistical analysis. An example of characteristic statistically significant event-related de/synchronization (ERD/ERS) detected across different frequency bands following different oddball stimuli is presented. The method is used for off-line functional classification of different brain areas.
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37
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Abstract
The enzyme system was used to mimic the D-flip-flop memory unit. The reversible conversion of NAD(+) and NADH cofactors was used to encode the states of the memory unit, while a mixture of inhibitors was used as the Clock input and the substrates were used as the Data input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin MacVittie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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38
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Halámková L, Mailloux S, Halámek J, Cooper AJ, Katz E. Enzymatic analysis of α-ketoglutaramate--a biomarker for hyperammonemia. Talanta 2012; 100:7-11. [PMID: 23141304 PMCID: PMC3496271 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two enzymatic assays were developed for the analysis of α-ketoglutaramate (KGM)-an important biomarker of hepatic encephalopathy and other hyperammonemic diseases. In both procedures, KGM is first converted to α-ketoglutarate (KTG) via a reaction catalyzed by ω-amidase (AMD). In the first procedure, KTG generated in the AMD reaction initiates a biocatalytic cascade in which the concerted action of alanine transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase results in the oxidation of NADH. In the second procedure, KTG generated from KGM is reductively aminated, with the concomitant oxidation of NADH, in a reaction catalyzed by L-glutamic dehydrogenase. In both assays, the decrease in optical absorbance (λ=340 nm) corresponding to NADH oxidation is used to quantify concentrations of KGM. The two analytical procedures were applied to 50% (v/v) human serum diluted with aqueous solutions containing the assay components and spiked with concentrations of KGM estimated to be present in normal human plasma and in plasma from hyperammonemic patients. Since KTG is the product of AMD-catalyzed hydrolysis of KGM, in a separate study, this compound was used as a surrogate for KGM. Statistical analyses of samples mimicking the concentration of KGM assumed to be present in normal and pathological concentration ranges were performed. Both enzymatic assays for KGM were confirmed to discriminate between the predicted normal and pathophysiological concentrations of the analyte. The present study is the first step toward the development of a clinically useful probe for KGM analysis in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Shay Mailloux
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Jan Halámek
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Arthur J.L. Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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39
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Abstract
Novel biosensors based on the biocomputing concept digitally process multiple biochemical signals through Boolean logic networks of coupled biomolecular reactions and produce output in the form of a YES/NO response. Compared to traditional single-analyte sensing devices, biocomputing approach enables a high-fidelity multianalyte biosensing, particularly beneficial for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States.
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40
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Bocharova V, MacVittie K, Chinnapareddy S, Halámek J, Privman V, Katz E. Realization of Associative Memory in an Enzymatic Process: Toward Biomolecular Networks with Learning and Unlearning Functionalities. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1234-1237. [PMID: 26286763 DOI: 10.1021/jz300098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a realization of an associative memory signal/information processing system based on simple enzyme-catalyzed biochemical reactions. Optically detected chemical output is always obtained in response to the triggering input, but the system can also "learn" by association, to later respond to the second input if it is initially applied in combination with the triggering input as the "training" step. This second chemical input is not self-reinforcing in the present system, which therefore can later "unlearn" to react to the second input if it is applied several times on its own. Such processing steps realized with (bio)chemical kinetics promise applications of bioinspired/memory-involving components in "networked" (concatenated) biomolecular processes for multisignal sensing and complex information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bocharova
- §Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6197, United States
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41
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Halámek J, Zavalov O, Halámková L, Korkmaz S, Privman V, Katz E. Enzyme-Based Logic Analysis of Biomarkers at Physiological Concentrations: AND Gate with Double-Sigmoid “Filter” Response. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:4457-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300447w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Halámek
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,
- Department
of Physics, and
- Department
of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Oleksandr Zavalov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,
- Department
of Physics, and
- Department
of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Lenka Halámková
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,
- Department
of Physics, and
- Department
of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Sevim Korkmaz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,
- Department
of Physics, and
- Department
of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Vladimir Privman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,
- Department
of Physics, and
- Department
of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,
- Department
of Physics, and
- Department
of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
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42
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Halámková L, Halámek J, Bocharova V, Wolf S, Mulier KE, Beilman G, Wang J, Katz E. Analysis of biomarkers characteristic of porcine liver injury--from biomolecular logic gates to an animal model. Analyst 2012; 137:1768-70. [PMID: 22407106 DOI: 10.1039/c2an00014h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biocatalytic cascade for the analysis of the simultaneous increase in the concentration of two biomarkers characteristic of liver injury (alanine transaminase, ALT, and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) was tested on real samples acquired from an animal model (domestic pigs, Sus scrofa domesticus) suffering from traumatic liver injury. A two-step reaction biocatalyzed in the presence of both enzyme-biomarkers resulted in the oxidation of NADH followed by optical absorbance measurements. A simple qualitative, YES/NO, test allowed for distinction between animals with and without the presence of liver injury with the probability of 92%. These data represent the first demonstration of applying binary logic systems for the analysis of real biomedical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Halámková
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alon Szczupak
- Avram
and Stella Goldstein-Goren
Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for
Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lital Alfonta
- Avram
and Stella Goldstein-Goren
Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for
Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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44
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Pita M, Halámek J, Chinnapareddy S, White DJ, Gartstein V, Katz E. Permeability of Human Tooth Surfaces Studied In Vitro by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Jin Z, Harvey AM, Mailloux S, Halámek J, Bocharova V, Twiss MR, Katz E. Electrochemically stimulated release of lysozyme from an alginate matrix cross-linked with iron cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Jin Z, Güven G, Bocharova V, Halámek J, Tokarev I, Minko S, Melman A, Mandler D, Katz E. Electrochemically controlled drug-mimicking protein release from iron-alginate thin-films associated with an electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:466-75. [PMID: 22200073 DOI: 10.1021/am201578m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel biocompatible hybrid-material composed of iron-ion-cross-linked alginate with embedded protein molecules has been designed for the signal-triggered drug release. Electrochemically controlled oxidation of Fe(2+) ions in the presence of soluble natural alginate polymer and drug-mimicking protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) results in the formation of an alginate-based thin-film cross-linked by Fe(3+) ions at the electrode interface with the entrapped protein. The electrochemically generated composite thin-film was characterized by electrochemistry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Preliminary experiments demonstrated that the electrochemically controlled deposition of the protein-containing thin-film can be performed at microscale using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as the deposition tool producing polymer-patterned spots potentially containing various entrapped drugs. Application of reductive potentials on the modified electrode produced Fe(2+) cations which do not keep complexation with alginate, thus resulting in the electrochemically triggered thin-film dissolution and the protein release. Different experimental parameters, such as the film-deposition time, concentrations of compounds and applied potentials, were varied in order to demonstrate that the electrodepositon and electrodissolution of the alginate composite film can be tuned to the optimum performance. A statistical modeling technique was applied to find optimal conditions for the formation of the composite thin-film for the maximal encapsulation and release of the drug-mimicking protein at the lowest possible potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and NanoBio Laboratory (NABLAB), Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, USA
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47
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Jurák P, Zvoníček V, Leinveber P, Halámek J, Vondra V. Respiratory induced heart rate and blood pressure variability during mechanical ventilation in critically ill and brain death patients. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2012:3821-3824. [PMID: 23366761 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We analysed respiratory induced heart rate and blood pressure variability in mechanically ventilated patients with different levels of sedation and central nervous system activity. Our aim was to determine whether it is possible to distinguish different levels of sedation or human brain activity from heart rate and blood pressure. We measured 19 critically ill and 15 brain death patients ventilated at various respiratory frequencies - 15, 12, 8 and 6 breaths per minute. Basal and deeper sedation was performed in the critically ill patients. We detected and analysed heart rate and blood pressure parameters induced by ventilation. RESULTS Respiratory induced heart rate variability is the unique parameter that can differentiate between brain death patients and sedated critically ill patients. Significant differences exist, especially during slow deep breathing with a mean period of 10 seconds. The limit values reflecting brain death are: baroreflex lower than 0.5 ms/mmHg and tidal volume normalised heart rate variability lower than 0.5 ms/ml. Reduced heart rate variability parameters of brain death patients remain unchanged even after normalisation to respiration volume. However, differences between basal and deep sedation do not appear significant on any parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jurák
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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48
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Kim KW, Kim YE, Bocharova V, Halámek J, Lee CW, Katz E, Oh MK. Logic circuit upon angiogenic response controlled by enzyme-linked iron oxide microparticles—towards biocomputing in human cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6918-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32445h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Bocharova V, Zavalov O, MacVittie K, Arugula MA, Guz NV, Dokukin ME, Halámek J, Sokolov I, Privman V, Katz E. A biochemical logic approach to biomarker-activated drug release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32966b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Halámek J, Zhou J, Halámková L, Bocharova V, Privman V, Wang J, Katz E. Biomolecular filters for improved separation of output signals in enzyme logic systems applied to biomedical analysis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8383-6. [PMID: 21981409 DOI: 10.1021/ac202139m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular logic systems processing biochemical input signals and producing "digital" outputs in the form of YES/NO were developed for analysis of physiological conditions characteristic of liver injury, soft tissue injury, and abdominal trauma. Injury biomarkers were used as input signals for activating the logic systems. Their normal physiological concentrations were defined as logic-0 level, while their pathologically elevated concentrations were defined as logic-1 values. Since the input concentrations applied as logic 0 and 1 values were not sufficiently different, the output signals being at low and high values (0, 1 outputs) were separated with a short gap making their discrimination difficult. Coupled enzymatic reactions functioning as a biomolecular signal processing system with a built-in filter property were developed. The filter process involves a partial back-conversion of the optical-output-signal-yielding product, but only at its low concentrations, thus allowing the proper discrimination between 0 and 1 output values.
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