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Sestak V, Stariat J, Cermanova J, Potuckova E, Chladek J, Roh J, Bures J, Jansova H, Prusa P, Sterba M, Micuda S, Simunek T, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR, Kovarikova P. Novel and potent anti-tumor and anti-metastatic di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones demonstrate marked differences in pharmacology between the first and second generation lead agents. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42411-28. [PMID: 26623727 PMCID: PMC4767442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Di(2-pyridyl)ketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) and di(2-pyridyl)ketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) are novel, highly potent and selective anti-tumor and anti-metastatic drugs. Despite their structural similarity, these agents differ in their efficacy and toxicity in-vivo. Considering this, a comparison of their pharmacokinetic and pharmaco/toxico-dynamic properties was conducted to reveal if these factors are involved in their differential activity. Both compounds were administered to Wistar rats intravenously (2 mg/kg) and their metabolism and disposition were studied using UHPLC-MS/MS. The cytotoxicity of both thiosemicarbazones and their metabolites was also examined using MCF-7, HL-60 and HCT116 tumor cells and 3T3 fibroblasts and H9c2 cardiac myoblasts. Their intracellular iron-binding ability was characterized by the Calcein-AM assay and their iron mobilization efficacy was evaluated. In contrast to DpC, Dp44mT undergoes rapid demethylation in-vivo, which may be related to its markedly faster elimination (T1/2 = 1.7 h for Dp44mT vs. 10.7 h for DpC) and lower exposure. Incubation of these compounds with cancer cells or cardiac myoblasts did not result in any significant metabolism in-vitro. The metabolism of Dp44mT in-vivo resulted in decreased anti-cancer activity and toxicity. In conclusion, marked differences in the pharmacology of Dp44mT and DpC were observed and highlight the favorable pharmacokinetics of DpC for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Sestak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stariat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Cermanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Potuckova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Chladek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bures
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Prusa
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sterba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Simkova, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Simunek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Petra Kovarikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Jirkovska-Vavrova A, Jirkovsky E, Stariat J, Jansova H, Roh J, Lencova-Popelova O, Kovarikova P, Sterba M, Simunek T. ANTHRACYCLINE CARDIOTOXICITY: THE PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF DEXRAZOXANE AND ITS OPEN RING METABOLITE. Heart 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306916.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kovarikova P, Pasakova-Vrbatova I, Vavrova A, Stariat J, Klimes J, Simunek T. Development of LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of the cardioprotective drug dexrazoxane and its metabolite ADR-925 in isolated cardiomyocytes and cell culture medium. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 76:243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hruskova K, Kovarikova P, Bendova P, Haskova P, Mackova E, Stariat J, Vavrova A, Vavrova K, Simunek T. Synthesis and initial in vitro evaluations of novel antioxidant aroylhydrazone iron chelators with increased stability against plasma hydrolysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:290-302. [PMID: 21214215 DOI: 10.1021/tx100359t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to contribute to a number of cardiovascular pathologies. Free intracellular iron ions participate in the Fenton reaction and therefore substantially contribute to the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals and cellular injury. Earlier work on the intracellular iron chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) has demonstrated its considerable promise as an agent to protect the heart against oxidative injury both in vitro and in vivo. However, the major limitation of SIH is represented by its labile hydrazone bond that makes it prone to plasma hydrolysis. Hence, in order to improve the hydrazone bond stability, nine compounds were prepared by a substitution of salicylaldehyde by the respective methyl- and ethylketone with various electron donors or acceptors in the phenyl ring. All the synthesized aroylhydrazones displayed significant iron-chelating activities and eight chelators showed significantly higher stability in rabbit plasma than SIH. Furthermore, some of these chelators were observed to possess higher cytoprotective activities against oxidative injury and/or lower toxicity as compared to SIH. The results of the present study therefore indicate the possible applicability of several of these novel agents in the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders with a known (or presumed) role of oxidative stress. In particular, the methylketone HAPI and nitro group-containing NHAPI merit further in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hruskova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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