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Fechino M, Jacobs AM, Lüdtke J. Following in Jakobson and Lévi-Strauss' footsteps: A neurocognitive poetics investigation of eye movements during the reading of Baudelaire's 'Les Chats'. J Eye Mov Res 2020; 13:10.16910/jemr.13.3.4. [PMID: 33828799 PMCID: PMC7889052 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.13.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following Jakobson and Levi-Strauss [1] famous analysis of Baudelaire's poem 'Les Chats' ('The Cats'), in the present study we investigated the reading of French poetry from a Neurocognitive Poetics perspective. Our study is exploratory and a first attempt in French, most previous work having been done in either German or English (e.g. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]). We varied the presentation mode of the poem Les Chats (verse vs. prose form) and measured the eye movements of our readers to test the hypothesis of an interaction between presentation mode and reading behavior. We specifically focussed on rhyme scheme effects on standard eye movement parameters. Our results replicate those from previous English poetry studies in that there is a specific pattern in poetry reading with longer gaze durations and more rereading in the verse than in the prose format. Moreover, presentation mode also matters for making salient the rhyme scheme. This first study generates interesting hypotheses for further research applying quantitative narrative analysis to French poetry and developing the Neurocognitive Poetics Model of literary reading [NCPM; 2] into a cross-linguistic model of poetry reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fechino
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS, France
| | - A M Jacobs
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Berlin (CCNB), Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - J Lüdtke
- Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Schmid M, Lüdtke J, Dolitzsch C, Fischer S, Eckert A, Fegert JM. Effect of trauma-informed care on hair cortisol concentration in youth welfare staff and client physical aggression towards staff: results of a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:21. [PMID: 31910832 PMCID: PMC6947862 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Professional caregivers working in child and youth welfare institutions are frequently faced with the complex mental health issues, emotional needs and challenging coping strategies of clients with cumulated traumatic experiences, leaving them prone to developing high levels of stress, burn-out and compassion fatigue. Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a milieu-therapeutic approach that aims to promote the self-efficacy and self-care of youth welfare staff by guiding them to a better understanding of their own and their clients’ stress symptoms and countertransference. Despite increasing efforts to implement TIC practices, and more widespread recognition of their value in youth welfare systems, there is a lack of studies evaluating the effectiveness of this approach. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of TIC practices in youth welfare institutions on both the physiological stress of staff members and clients’ physical aggression towards their caregivers. . Methods Data was obtained from a longitudinal study investigating the effectiveness of TIC in 14 residential youth welfare institutions. Our sample consisted of 47 youth welfare employees (66.0% female) aged from 23 to 60 years (M = 37.4, SD = 10.4 years). Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and occurrences of client physical aggression were assessed at four annual measurement time points (T1 to T4). Results Participants in five institutions employing TIC practices (intervention group) showed significantly lower HCC at T4 than staff members from institutions who did not receive training in TIC (control group), indicating reduced physiological stress levels. At T4, the intervention group reported significantly less physical aggression than the control group. Conclusions TIC might be a promising approach for reducing the emotional burden of employees and institutions should invest in training their staff in TIC practices. More research is necessary, to investigate the benefits and efficacy of TIC, both to youths and staff members, and to foster a better understanding of which specific factors may contribute to stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Basel, Wilhelm-Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Janine Lüdtke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Basel, Wilhelm-Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland.,Research Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Dolitzsch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Fischer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Hospital Basel, Wilhelm-Klein-Strasse 27, Basel, Switzerland.,Research Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiological Laboratory, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Schröder M, Lüdtke J, Fux E, Izat Y, Bolten M, Gloger-Tippelt G, Suess GJ, Schmid M. Attachment disorder and attachment theory - Two sides of one medal or two different coins? Compr Psychiatry 2019; 95:152139. [PMID: 31706154 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, attachment quality and attachment disorder exist in parallel, but the mutual association is still insufficiently clarified. For policy makers and clinical experts, it can be difficult to differentiate between these constructs, but the distinction is crucial to develop mental-health services and effective treatment concepts. We aimed to investigate the association between attachment representations (AR) and attachment disorders (AD), including Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) in children aged between 5 and 9. METHODS A total of 135 children aged between 5 and 9 years (M=7.17 years, SD=1.40, 63% male) and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Children were interviewed with the story stem method to assess AR, and the primary caregiver completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires on mental disorders, AD, emotional and behavioral problems, and intelligence and development. RESULTS The prevalence of AR in children with AD was 28.6% for the 'secure' form of AR, 17.1% for the 'insecure-avoidant' form, 25.7% for the 'insecure-ambivalent' form, and 28.6% for the 'disorganized' form. Prevalences of the various AR forms did not differ statistically significantly, indicating that AR is conceptionally distinct from AD. Children with disorganized attachment scored significantly lower on language and intelligence skills than children with secure attachment. AD was significantly associated with a higher number of comorbidities, emotional and behavioral problems, and lower language skills. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal studies using standardized assessment instruments are needed to systematically provide comparable and reliable empirical findings to improve current understanding of AR and AD as well as their etiological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schröder
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UPKKJ), University of Basel, Research Department, Schanzenstrasse 13, 4056, Basel, Switzerland; University of Lüneburg, Faculty of Education, Institute of Social work and Social Education, Universitätsallee 1, 21339, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Janine Lüdtke
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UPKKJ), University of Basel, Research Department, Schanzenstrasse 13, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Fux
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UPKKJ), University of Basel, Research Department, Schanzenstrasse 13, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yonca Izat
- Vivantes Clinic Friedrichshain, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Berlin, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic, Zadekstrasse 53, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Bolten
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UPKKJ), University of Basel, Research Department, Schanzenstrasse 13, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gerhard J Suess
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty Business & Social Sciences, Department Social Work, Alexanderstraße 1, 20099, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmid
- Psychiatric University Clinics (UPK), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (UPKKJ), University of Basel, Research Department, Schanzenstrasse 13, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Tschan T, Lüdtke J, Schmid M, In-Albon T. Sibling relationships of female adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder in comparison to a clinical and a nonclinical control group. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30923561 PMCID: PMC6419840 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-019-0275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents' nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) leads to distress that affects the whole family system, and siblings are reported to suffer from disrupted family communication and functioning. So far, no studies have examined the quality of relationships between adolescents with NSSI and their siblings. The aim of the present study was to examine the sibling relationship quality of adolescents with NSSI, adolescents with other mental disorders without NSSI (clinical controls, CC), and adolescents without current or past experience of mental disorders (nonclinical controls, NC). METHODS 139 female adolescents aged 13-20 years (mean age = 16.18 years, SD = 1.62, NSSI: n = 56, CC: n = 33, NC: n = 50) and 73 siblings aged 10-28 years (mean age = 16.88 years, SD = 4.02, 60.3% female) participated. Self-report measures were used to assess psychopathology and sibling relationship quality. RESULTS Siblings reported a wide range of negative emotional and familial consequences, such as feeling left alone with their sister's issues or a distressing family situation, as a result of their sister's NSSI. Siblings of adolescents with NSSI experienced significantly more coercion in the relationship with their sister compared to CC (d = 1.08) and NC (d = 0.67) siblings, indicating an imbalance of dominance and control in their relationship. Further, adolescents with NSSI reported significantly less warmth and empathy in the sibling relationship and higher rivalry scores between their siblings and themselves than NC adolescents, suggesting higher levels of parental favoritism among parents of adolescents with NSSI compared to NC parents (d = 0.93). Among siblings of adolescents with NSSI, high levels of warmth, conflict, and empathy were significantly associated with internalizing problems. For adolescents with NSSI a significant association was found between internalizing problems and coercion and externalizing problems and similarity. CONCLUSIONS Given the negative impact of NSSI on siblings' emotional well-being and family life, efforts should be made to offer siblings psychoeducation and support to help them cope with the emotional and familial consequences of their sister's NSSI. Given adequate support, siblings can in turn be a source of emotional support for their sister.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Tschan
- 0000 0001 0087 7257grid.5892.6Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstraße 12, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Janine Lüdtke
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- 0000 0004 1937 0642grid.6612.3Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tina In-Albon
- 0000 0001 0087 7257grid.5892.6Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstraße 12, 76829 Landau, Germany
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Schröder M, Fux E, Lüdtke J, Izat Y, Bolten M, Schmid M. German Version of the Relationship Problems Questionnaire: Effective Screening for Attachment Disorder. Psychopathology 2019; 52:334-345. [PMID: 31865355 DOI: 10.1159/000504675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attachment disorder (AD), including reactive AD and disinhibited social engagement disorder, is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed disorder in severely maltreated children. Because the condition is associated with significant psychiatric morbidity over the entire lifespan, a valid and economic screening tool to identify children with clinical symptoms of AD is needed to avoid unspecific or ineffective treatment. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the German version of the Relationship Problems Questionnaire (RPQ). METHODS With a total of 135 children (mean age = 7.17 years, SD = 1.40, 63% male) from both general (34 children) and high-risk populations (69 in- and outpatients, 32 foster children), we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the RPQ. AD was diagnosed using a standardized clinical interview (K-DIPS). 35 out of 135 children fulfilled the criteria for AD. RESULTS The RPQ identified 74% of the children who fulfilled the criteria for AD in the standardized clinical interview. The optimal cut-off score of the RPQ for identifying AD was 4.5 with a moderate sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.68. CONCLUSIONS The German version of the RPQ proved useful as a diagnostic indicator of clinical symptoms of AD. The tool is economic and suitable for the screening of AD in the general population as well as high-risk populations. We recommend the use of the RPQ in clinical and research settings, adding multi-method approaches after a positive screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schröder
- Child and Adolescent Research Department (UPKKJ), Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, .,Institute of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, University of Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany,
| | - Elodie Fux
- Child and Adolescent Research Department (UPKKJ), Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine Lüdtke
- Child and Adolescent Research Department (UPKKJ), Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yonca Izat
- Vivantes Clinic Friedrichshain, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Bolten
- Child and Adolescent Research Department (UPKKJ), Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Child and Adolescent Research Department (UPKKJ), Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lüdtke J, Boonmann C, Dölitzsch C, In-Albon T, Jenkel N, Kölch M, Fegert JM, Schmeck K, Schmid M. Komorbide Angststörungen bei Störungen des Sozialverhaltens. Kindheit und Entwicklung 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Obwohl Angststörungen (AS) häufig komorbid mit einer Störung des Sozialverhaltens (SSV) auftreten, wurde diese Komorbidität in der Forschung weitgehend vernachlässigt. Komorbide AS wirken sich in Studien sowohl positiv als auch negativ auf den Verlauf einer SSV aus. Diese Studie zielt darauf ab, Heranwachsende mit einer SSV mit und ohne AS hinsichtlich psychischer Belastung, traumatischen Erlebnissen, psychopathischen Persönlichkeitstraits und Legalbewährung zu untersuchen. 207 Heranwachsende mit einer SSV (9 – 25 Jahre; 73.4 % männlich; SSV: N = 180, SSV und AS: N = 27), die zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung in Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen lebten, konnten eingeschlossen werden. Es wurden strukturierte klinische Interviews und eine psychometrische Testbatterie eingesetzt. Die Resultate zeigen, dass die Gruppe mit SSV und AS signifikant weniger externalisierende und mehr internalisierende Symptome sowie traumatische Erlebnisse aufweisen. Bezüglich psychopathischer Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Verurteilungen (>50 % in beiden Gruppen) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Ausprägung der SSV für die Kriminalitätsentwicklung bedeutsamer und die spezifische Komorbidität von AS aber doch ätiologisch und symptomatisch von großem Interesse ist. Diese sollte deshalb mit Längsschnittstudien und Therapieprozessanalysen intensiver beforscht werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Lüdtke
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Cyril Boonmann
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Claudia Dölitzsch
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie
| | - Tina In-Albon
- Universität Koblenz-Landau, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters
| | - Nils Jenkel
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Michael Kölch
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/-psychotherapie der Ruppiner Kliniken Hochschulklinik Medizinischen Hochschule Brandenburg
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
| | - Marc Schmid
- Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrische Klinik, Universität Basel
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Lüdtke J, In-Albon T, Michel C, Schmid M. Predictors for DSM-5 nonsuicidal self-injury in female adolescent inpatients: The role of childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, and dissociation. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239:346-52. [PMID: 27088878 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between various adverse childhood experiences, alexithymia, and dissociation in predicting nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in an inpatient sample of female adolescents. Seventy-two adolescents (aged 14-18 years) with NSSI disorder (n=46) or mental disorders without NSSI (n=26) completed diagnostic interviews and self-report measures to assess NSSI disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria, childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, and dissociation. Alexithymia and dissociation were highly prevalent in both study groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that only alexithymia was a significant predictor for NSSI, whereas childhood maltreatment and dissociation had no predictive influence. The association between alexithymia and NSSI emphasizes the significance of emotion regulation training for female adolescents with NSSI. Efforts to reduce NSSI behavior should therefore foster skills to heighten the perception and recognition of one's own emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Lüdtke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinics of the University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tina In-Albon
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinics of the University Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Ali NA, Lüdtke J, Pilgrim H, Lindequist U. Inhibition of chemiluminescence response of human mononuclear cells and suppression of mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mice by hispolon and hispidin. Pharmazie 1996; 51:667-70. [PMID: 8878257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin isolated from fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (Bull. ex Fr.) Karst, were investigated on the chemiluminescence response by LPS- or zymosan-activated human mononuclear cells (MNC) and on the concanavalin A-induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes of mouse in vitro. Both compounds showed inhibitory activity in the chemiluminescence-test with an IC50 (the concentration of test compound causing 50% effect) ranging from 4.4 to 4.6 micrograms/ml (20.3 to 21.2 microM) for hispolon and < 0.1 to 1.5 micrograms/ml (from < 0.4 microM to 6.0 microM) for hispidin. Antiproliferative effects have been achieved in the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) by hispolon with an IC50 of 3.4 micrograms/ml (15.5 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Ali
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
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van de Sand WH, Lüdtke J, Schumacher S, Eschenauer H, Mutke I, Lansch D. [Occupational rehabilitation of psychiatric patients in the Michaelshoven/Cologne vocational training center--an integrated overall concept]. Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 1995; 34:179-92. [PMID: 8570900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vocational retraining centres, sui generis, belong to those vocational rehabilitation facilities where disabled adults are afforded an opportunity for comprehensive occupational reorientation, facilities that operate on the principle of "dual training under one roof", i.e. combine practical and theoretical contents, which documents their close linkage with the mainstream vocational education system practiced in Germany. An essential modification has for some years now been introduced at the Michaelshoven/Cologne vocational retraining centre: the traditional conveyance of skills and knowledge (i.e., acquisition of technical competence) has been replaced by attainment of occupational action competence as the focus of rehabilitative efforts. Hand in hand with this concept rooted in the principle of client-concentration, comes implementation of the principles of integration and holistic approach. Integration means that rehabilitees with mental illness participate in the rehabilitation programmes alongside rehabilitees without mental illness. The holistic approach is expressed in a number of closely coordinated elements ensuring that the specific configuration of persons with mental illness and their way of life are taken into consideration from the very beginning of their stay in the Michaelshoven/Cologne vocational retraining centre. Along with in-depth talks at entry and specific vocational guidance for individuals with mental illness, these elements inter alia include: pre-rehabilitation adjustment, pre-rehabilitation course, an extramural industrial practical, action-oriented training methods throughout, and systematic placement assistance and support--in line with the vocational retraining centre's motto of "picking up our rehabilitees right where they stand".
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Lüdtke J, Thom G. [Placement of the sensitivity tester in "Probaset" and "Probamat D"]. Stomatol DDR 1978; 28:490-3. [PMID: 358512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For ergonomical reasons the authors suggest, if a Probamat D unit and a fixed turbine are used, to place the turbine handpiece on the mount destined for the sensibility tester and to manufacture a new holder for the latter. The Probaset unit provides no place for the sensibility tester. Therefore, it is recommended to fit the bracket table with a suitable mount.
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Lüdtke J. [Our experience with Tegretol in the treatment of true and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgias]. Dtsch Stomatol 1970; 20:592-8. [PMID: 5271630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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