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Abouelhadid S, Atkins ER, Kay EJ, Passmore IJ, North SJ, Lehri B, Hitchen P, Bakke E, Rahman M, Bossé JT, Li Y, Terra VS, Langford PR, Dell A, Wren BW, Cuccui J. Development of a novel glycoengineering platform for the rapid production of conjugate vaccines. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:159. [PMID: 37596672 PMCID: PMC10436394 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugate vaccines produced either by chemical or biologically conjugation have been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in protection against several deadly bacterial diseases. However, conjugate vaccine assembly and production have several shortcomings which hinders their wider availability. Here, we developed a tool, Mobile-element Assisted Glycoconjugation by Insertion on Chromosome, MAGIC, a novel biotechnological platform that overcomes the limitations of the current conjugate vaccine design method(s). As a model, we focused our design on a leading bioconjugation method using N-oligosaccharyltransferase (OTase), PglB. The installation of MAGIC led to at least twofold increase in glycoconjugate yield via MAGIC when compared to conventional N-OTase based bioconjugation method(s). Then, we improved MAGIC to (a) allow rapid installation of glycoengineering component(s), (b) omit the usage of antibiotics, (c) reduce the dependence on protein induction agents. Furthermore, we show the modularity of the MAGIC platform in performing glycoengineering in bacterial species that are less genetically tractable than the commonly used Escherichia coli. The MAGIC system promises a rapid, robust and versatile method to develop vaccines against serious bacterial pathogens. We anticipate the utility of the MAGIC platform could enhance vaccines production due to its compatibility with virtually any bioconjugation method, thus expanding vaccine biopreparedness toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abouelhadid
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Atkins
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Emily J Kay
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ian J Passmore
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Simon J North
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Burhan Lehri
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul Hitchen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eirik Bakke
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Mohammed Rahman
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Vanessa S Terra
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
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2
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Nahar N, Tram G, Jen FEC, Phillips ZN, Weinert LA, Bossé JT, Jabbari JS, Gouil Q, Du MRM, Ritchie ME, Bowden R, Langford PR, Tucker AW, Jennings MP, Turni C, Blackall PJ, Atack JM. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae encodes multiple phase-variable DNA methyltransferases that control distinct phasevarions. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:3240-3260. [PMID: 36840716 PMCID: PMC10123105 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the cause of porcine pleuropneumonia, a severe respiratory tract infection that is responsible for major economic losses to the swine industry. Many host-adapted bacterial pathogens encode systems known as phasevarions (phase-variable regulons). Phasevarions result from variable expression of cytoplasmic DNA methyltransferases. Variable expression results in genome-wide methylation differences within a bacterial population, leading to altered expression of multiple genes via epigenetic mechanisms. Our examination of a diverse population of A. pleuropneumoniae strains determined that Type I and Type III DNA methyltransferases with the hallmarks of phase variation were present in this species. We demonstrate that phase variation is occurring in these methyltransferases, and show associations between particular Type III methyltransferase alleles and serovar. Using Pacific BioSciences Single-Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing and Oxford Nanopore sequencing, we demonstrate the presence of the first ever characterised phase-variable, cytosine-specific Type III DNA methyltransferase. Phase variation of distinct Type III DNA methyltransferase in A. pleuropneumoniae results in the regulation of distinct phasevarions, and in multiple phenotypic differences relevant to pathobiology. Our characterisation of these newly described phasevarions in A. pleuropneumoniae will aid in the selection of stably expressed antigens, and direct and inform development of a rationally designed subunit vaccine against this major veterinary pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Nahar
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Freda E-C Jen
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Zachary N Phillips
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jafar S Jabbari
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Quentin Gouil
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Mei R M Du
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Rory Bowden
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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3
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Li Y, Bossé JT, Stringer OW, Hennig-Pauka I, Mortensen P, Langford PR. Detection of Novel Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars by Multiplex PCR: a Cautionary Tale. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0446122. [PMID: 36722957 PMCID: PMC10100907 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04461-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine T. Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver W. Stringer
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bakum, Germany
| | | | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Stringer OW, Li Y, Bossé JT, Forrest MS, Hernandez-Garcia J, Tucker AW, Nunes T, Costa F, Mortensen P, Velazquez E, Penny P, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Georgiou P, Langford PR. Rapid Detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae From Clinical Samples Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:805382. [PMID: 35400111 PMCID: PMC8990124 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.805382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, resulting in high economic impact worldwide. There are currently 19 known serovars of APP, with different ones being predominant in specific geographic regions. Outbreaks of pleuropneumonia, characterized by sudden respiratory difficulties and high mortality, can occur when infected pigs are brought into naïve herds, or by those carrying different serovars. Good biosecurity measures include regular diagnostic testing for surveillance purposes. Current gold standard diagnostic techniques lack sensitivity (bacterial culture), require expensive thermocycling machinery (PCR) and are time consuming (culture and PCR). Here we describe the development of an isothermal point-of-care diagnostic test - utilizing recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the detection of APP, targeting the species-specific apxIVA gene. Our APP-RPA diagnostic test achieved a sensitivity of 10 copies/μL using a strain of APP serovar 8, which is the most prevalent serovar in the UK. Additionally, our APP-RPA assay achieved a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 84.3 and 100%, respectively, across 61 extracted clinical samples obtained from farms located in England and Portugal. Using a small subset (n = 14) of the lung tissue samples, we achieved a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 76.9 and 100%, respectively) using lung imprints made on FTA cards tested directly in the APP-RPA reaction. Our results demonstrate that our APP-RPA assay enables a suitable rapid and sensitive screening tool for this important veterinary pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. Stringer
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine T. Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juan Hernandez-Garcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W. Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago Nunes
- Ceva Animal Health Ltd., Saúde Animal, Algés, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Paul Penny
- Ceva Animal Health Ltd., Amersham, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Rodriguez-Manzano
- Section of Adult Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Stringer OW, Li Y, Bossé JT, Langford PR. JMM Profile: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a major cause of lung disease in pigs but difficult to control and eradicate. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35262474 PMCID: PMC9176268 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of pleuropneumonia in pigs, its only known natural host. Typical symptoms of peracute disease include fever, apathy and anorexia, and time from infection to death may only be 6 h. Severe lung lesions result from presence of one or two of the ApxI-III toxins. Control is through good husbandry practice, vaccines and antibiotic use. Culture and presence of the species-specific apxIV gene by PCR confirms diagnosis, and identification of serovar, of which 19 are known, informs on appropriate vaccine use and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Stringer
- Department of Infectious Disease, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Department of Infectious Disease, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Department of Infectious Disease, Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
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6
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Leanse LG, Zhou L, Chaudhuri RR, Peters SE, Wang J, Maglennon GA, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Rationally designed mariner vectors for functional genomic analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and other Pasteurellaceae species by transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS). Anim Dis 2021; 1:29. [PMID: 34870287 PMCID: PMC8616859 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-021-00026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive identification of conditionally essential genes requires efficient tools for generating high-density transposon libraries that, ideally, can be analysed using next-generation sequencing methods such as Transposon Directed Insertion-site Sequencing (TraDIS). The Himar1 (mariner) transposon is ideal for generating near-saturating mutant libraries, especially in AT-rich chromosomes, as the requirement for integration is a TA dinucleotide, and this transposon has been used for mutagenesis of a wide variety of bacteria. However, plasmids for mariner delivery do not necessarily work well in all bacteria. In particular, there are limited tools for functional genomic analysis of Pasteurellaceae species of major veterinary importance, such as swine and cattle pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, respectively. Here, we developed plasmids, pTsodCPC9 and pTlacPC9 (differing only in the promoter driving expression of the transposase gene), that allow delivery of mariner into both these pathogens, but which should also be applicable to a wider range of bacteria. Using the pTlacPC9 vector, we have generated, for the first time, saturating mariner mutant libraries in both A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida that showed a near random distribution of insertions around the respective chromosomes as detected by TraDIS. A preliminary screen of 5000 mutants each identified 8 and 14 genes, respectively, that are required for growth under anaerobic conditions. Future high-throughput screening of the generated libraries will facilitate identification of mutants required for growth under different conditions, including in vivo, highlighting key virulence factors and pathways that can be exploited for development of novel therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Leon G Leanse
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.,Present Address: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.,Present Address: The Applied Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Unit, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Present Address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah E Peters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth A Maglennon
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Present Address: School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Present Address: The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
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7
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Cohen LM, Stegger M, Angen Ø, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Lei L, Koene M, Kuhnert P, Bandara AB, Inzana TJ, Holden MTG, Harris D, Oshota O, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR, On Behalf Of The BRaDP T Consortium. Complete genome for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 reference strain 405: comparative analysis with draft genomes for different laboratory stock cultures indicates little genetic variation. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34818145 PMCID: PMC8743550 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the complete genome sequence of the widely studied Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 reference strain 405, generated using the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II platform. Furthermore, we compared draft sequences generated by Illumina sequencing of six stocks of this strain, including the same original stock used to generate the PacBio sequence, held in different countries and found little genetic variation, with only three SNPs identified, all within the degS gene. However, sequences of two small plasmids, pARD3079 and p405tetH, detected by Illumina sequencing of the draft genomes were not identified in the PacBio sequence of the reference strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liza Miriam Cohen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R China
| | - Miriam Koene
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aloka B Bandara
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Thomas J Inzana
- Present address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, USA.,Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- Present address: School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Harris
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olusegun Oshota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
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8
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Cohen LM, Bossé JT, Stegger M, Li Y, Langford PR, Kielland C, Klem TB, Gulliksen SM, Ranheim B, Grøntvedt CA, Angen Ø. Comparative Genome Sequence Analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovar 8 Isolates From Norway, Denmark, and the United Kingdom Indicates Distinct Phylogenetic Lineages and Differences in Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729637. [PMID: 34566934 PMCID: PMC8461171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a disease of major impact on pig health, welfare, and productivity globally. Serovar 8 (APP) is the predominant clinical serovar in Norway and the United Kingdom (UK), and has been isolated from clinical cases in Denmark. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae APP8 in the Norwegian population. The secondary objectives were to determine the within-host variability of APP8; to compare the APP8 bacterial populations in Norway, Denmark, and the UK, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profiles and to assess the effect of national differences in antimicrobial drug use and restricted animal movement on the occurrence of resistance. Isolates of APP8 from the UK (n=67), Denmark (n=22), and Norway (n=123) collected between 1983 and 2020 were compared using whole genome sequencing. To investigate genetic variability within individual hosts, an additional 104 APP8 isolates from the lungs of six Norwegian pigs were compared. Very low within-host variation was observed (≤ 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms). The phylogeny of 123 Norwegian APP8 isolates from 76 herds revealed some within-herd genetic variation, but substantial geographical clustering. When inferring the relatedness of the three international APP8 collections, the topology highlighted the existence of two distinct monophyletic branches characterized by the Norwegian and UK isolates, respectively. Three Danish isolates were scattered across the UK branch, whereas the remaining 19 Danish isolates clustered in two monophyletic groups nested in the Norwegian branch. Coalescence analysis, performed to estimate the divergences from a common ancestor, indicated a last common ancestor several centuries ago. The phylogenetic analyses also revealed striking differences in occurrence of AMR genes, as these were 23-times more prevalent among the UK isolates than among the Norwegian isolates. An increased understanding of the effects of population strategies is helpful in surveillance and control of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Miriam Cohen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Kielland
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Birgit Ranheim
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Stringer OW, Bossé JT, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Fodor L, Angen Ø, Velazquez E, Penny P, Lei L, Langford PR, Li Y. Rapid Detection and Typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars Directly From Clinical Samples: Combining FTA ® Card Technology With Multiplex PCR. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:728660. [PMID: 34447805 PMCID: PMC8382971 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.728660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is highly contagious and responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in the swine industry worldwide, but quick serotyping and diagnosis are still not widely available. In this study, we sought to validate the use of Whatman FTA® cards for collection and processing of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, or porcine lung tissue samples, for direct use in diagnostic multiplex PCRs. We have optimized the processing of 3-mm discs punched from FTA® cards loaded with cultured A. pleuropneumoniae, or imprinted on lesioned regions of lung tissue, with only three distilled water washes before addition into our APP-multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for rapid, low-cost identification and serotyping. DNA captured on FTA® cards generated the same diagnostic PCR results as DNA extracted using commercial kits for 85 A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolate cultures and 22 lung samples. Additionally, bacterial DNA bound to FTA® cards was detectable by PCR after 6 months of storage at 37°C. This study provides simple, efficient, rapid, and practical sample processing for detection and molecular serotyping of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. Stringer
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine T. Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Paul Penny
- Ceva Animal Health Ltd., Amersham, United Kingdom
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Stringer OW, Bossé JT, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Fodor L, Angen Ø, Velazquez E, Penny P, Lei L, Langford PR, Li Y. Proposal of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 19, and reformulation of previous multiplex PCRs for capsule-specific typing of all known serovars. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109021. [PMID: 33667982 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Two serologically and molecularly non-typeable isolates of the porcine lung pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae have been identified from diseased swine in two different continents. Genome sequencing was carried out to identify their diagnostically relevant genotypes. Both isolates are biovar 1 and encode genes for production of ApxIV and ApxII (apxIICA structural genes, and apxIBD export genes). They both possess the same novel type II capsule locus (most similar to serovar 1, but with two capsule genes not previously found in A. pleuropneumoniae) but differ in their O-Ag loci. Strain 7213384-1 from Denmark, which we propose as the reference strain for serovar 19, has a serogroup 3/6/8/15 O-Ag locus; the Canadian isolate A08-013 has a serogroup 4/7 O-Ag locus. We have expanded the second of our two previously described A. pleuropneumoniae mPCRs to include capsule gene-specific primers for definitive detection of serovars 13-14 and 16-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Stringer
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK
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11
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Crispim JS, da Silva TF, Sanches NM, da Silva GC, Pereira MF, Rossi CC, Li Y, Terra VS, Vohra P, Wren BW, Langford PR, Bossé JT, Bazzolli DMS. Serovar-dependent differences in Hfq-regulated phenotypes inActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5936557. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe RNA chaperone Hfq regulates diverse processes in numerous bacteria. In this study, we compared phenotypes (growth rate, adherence, response to different stress conditions and virulence in Galleria mellonella) of wild-type (WT) and isogenic hfq mutants of three serovars (1, 8 and 15) of the porcine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Similar growth in rich broth was seen for all strains except Ap1∆hfq, which showed slightly reduced growth throughout the 24 h time course, and the complemented Ap8∆hfqC mutant had a prolonged lag phase. Differences were seen between the three serovar WT strains regarding adherence, stress response and virulence in G. mellonella, and deletion of hfq affected some, but not all of these phenotypes, depending on serovar. Complementation by expression of cloned hfq from an endogenous promoter only restored some WT phenotypes, indicating that complex regulatory networks may be involved, and that levels of Hfq may be as important as presence/absence of the protein regarding its contribution to gene regulation. Our results support that Hfq is a pleiotropic global regulator in A. pleuropneumoniae, but serovar-related differences exist. These results highlight the importance of testing multiple strains/serovars within a given species when determining contributions of global regulators, such as Hfq, to expression of complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josicelli Souza Crispim
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Thyara Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Newton Moreno Sanches
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Giarlã Cunha da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Vanessa Sofia Terra
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Prerna Vohra
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária – BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570–900, Brazil
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12
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Wang S, Yin B, Yu L, Dang M, Guo Z, Yan G, Hu D, Gu J, Du C, Feng X, Han W, Adam YY, Sun C, Bossé JT, Lei L. Overexpression of AmpC Promotes Bacteriophage Lysis of Ampicillin-Resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2973. [PMID: 31969872 PMCID: PMC6960117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli are a threat to human and animal health globally. Phage therapy has made great progress for the treatment of drug-resistant infections, but it is still unclear whether E. coli resistance to antibiotics could change the lysis ability of phages. In this study, we demonstrate that over expression of AmpC, an important β-lactamase for ampicillin resistance, promotes lysis of E. coli by phage utilizing OmpA as a receptor. E. coli strains expressing more AmpC showed higher levels of OmpA, an E. coli outer membrane protein known to serve as a receptor for T-even phages, which resulted in increased adsorption and lysis by the phage tested in this study. These data demonstrate that increased ampicillin resistance can increase the sensitivity of E. coli to some lytic phage, which provides evidence for the feasibility of synergistic application of phage and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Center for Bioengineering and Biomedical Sciences, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mei Dang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biomedical Sciences, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangmou Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan
| | - Jingmin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chongtao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuren Yuan Adam
- Center for Bioengineering and Biomedical Sciences, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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13
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Li Y, Spiropoulos J, Cooley W, Khara JS, Gladstone CA, Asai M, Bossé JT, Robertson BD, Newton SM, Langford PR. Galleria mellonella - a novel infection model for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Virulence 2018; 9:1126-1137. [PMID: 30067135 PMCID: PMC6086298 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1491255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have long been used in tuberculosis research to understand disease pathogenesis and to evaluate novel vaccine candidates and anti-mycobacterial drugs. However, all have limitations and there is no single animal model which mimics all the aspects of mycobacterial pathogenesis seen in humans. Importantly mice, the most commonly used model, do not normally form granulomas, the hallmark of tuberculosis infection. Thus there is an urgent need for the development of new alternative in vivo models. The insect larvae, Galleria mellonella has been increasingly used as a successful, simple, widely available and cost-effective model to study microbial infections. Here we report for the first time that G. mellonella can be used as an infection model for members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. We demonstrate a dose-response for G. mellonella survival infected with different inocula of bioluminescent Mycobacterium bovis BCG lux, and demonstrate suppression of mycobacterial luminesence over 14 days. Histopathology staining and transmission electron microscopy of infected G. mellonella phagocytic haemocytes show internalization and aggregation of M. bovis BCG lux in granuloma-like structures, and increasing accumulation of lipid bodies within M. bovis BCG lux over time, characteristic of latent tuberculosis infection. Our results demonstrate that G. mellonella can act as a surrogate host to study the pathogenesis of mycobacterial infection and shed light on host-mycobacteria interactions, including latent tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Li
- a Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - John Spiropoulos
- b Department of Pathology , Animal and Plant Health Agency , Addlestone , UK
| | - William Cooley
- b Department of Pathology , Animal and Plant Health Agency , Addlestone , UK
| | - Jasmeet Singh Khara
- a Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK.,c Department of Pharmacy , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Camilla A Gladstone
- a Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Masanori Asai
- a Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- a Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Brian D Robertson
- d MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Sandra M Newton
- a Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- a Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Department of Medicine , Imperial College London , London , UK
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14
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Li Y, da Silva GC, Li Y, Rossi CC, Fernandez Crespo R, Williamson SM, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS, Bossé JT. Evidence of Illegitimate Recombination Between Two Pasteurellaceae Plasmids Resulting in a Novel Multi-Resistance Replicon, pM3362MDR, in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2489. [PMID: 30405558 PMCID: PMC6206304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of plasmids carrying the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(B), was found in the previously reported whole genome sequences of 14 United Kingdom, and 4 Brazilian, isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Isolation and sequencing of selected plasmids, combined with comparative sequence analysis, indicated that the four Brazilian isolates all harbor plasmids that are nearly identical to pB1001, a plasmid previously found in Pasteurella multocida isolates from Spain. Of the United Kingdom isolates, 13/14 harbor plasmids that are (almost) identical to pTetHS016 from Haemophilus parasuis. The remaining United Kingdom isolate, MIDG3362, harbors a 12666 bp plasmid that shares extensive regions of similarity with pOV from P. multocida (which carries blaROB-1 , sul2, and strAB genes), as well as with pTetHS016. The newly identified multi-resistance plasmid, pM3362MDR, appears to have arisen through illegitimate recombination of pTetHS016 into the stop codon of the truncated strB gene in a pOV-like plasmid. All of the tet(B)-carrying plasmids studied were capable of replicating in Escherichia coli, and predicted origins of replication were identified. A putative origin of transfer (oriT) sequence with similar secondary structure and a nic-site almost identical to that of RP4 was also identified in these plasmids, however, attempts to mobilize them from an RP4-encoding E. coli donor strain were not successful, indicating that specific conjugation machinery may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Giarlã Cunha da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciro C Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Bactérias, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Li Y, Li Y, Fernandez Crespo R, Leanse LG, Langford PR, Bossé JT. Characterization of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae SXT-related integrative and conjugative element ICEApl2 and analysis of the encoded FloR protein: hydrophobic residues in transmembrane domains contribute dynamically to florfenicol and chloramphenicol efflux. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 73:57-65. [PMID: 29029160 PMCID: PMC5890775 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To characterize ICEApl2, an SXT-related integrative and conjugative element (ICE) found in a clinical isolate of the porcine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and analyse the functional nature of the encoded FloR. Methods ICEApl2 was identified in the genome of A. pleuropneumoniae MIDG3553. Functional analysis was done using conjugal transfer experiments. MIDG3553 was tested for susceptibility to the antimicrobials for which resistance genes are present in ICEApl2. Lack of florfenicol/chloramphenicol resistance conferred by the encoded FloR protein was investigated by cloning and site-directed mutagenesis experiments in Escherichia coli. Results ICEApl2 is 92660 bp and contains 89 genes. Comparative sequence analysis indicated that ICEApl2 is a member of the SXT/R391 ICE family. Conjugation experiments showed that, although ICEApl2 is capable of excision from the chromosome, it is not self-transmissible. ICEApl2 encodes the antimicrobial resistance genes floR, strAB, sul2 and dfrA1, and MIDG3553 is resistant to streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim, but not florfenicol or chloramphenicol. Cloning and site-directed mutagenesis of the floR gene revealed the importance of the nature of the hydrophobic amino acid residues at positions 160 and 228 in FloR for determining resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol. Conclusions Our results indicate that the nature of hydrophobic residues at positions 160 and 228 of FloR contribute dynamically to specific efflux of florfenicol and chloramphenicol, although some differences in resistance levels may depend on the bacterial host species. This is also, to our knowledge, the first description of an SXT/R391 ICE in A. pleuropneumoniae or any member of the Pasteurellaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Roberto Fernandez Crespo
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Leon G Leanse
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
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16
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Fernandez Crespo R, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Sárközi R, Fodor L, Casas Amoribieta M, Angen Ø, Nedbalcova K, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Comparative sequence analysis of the capsular polysaccharide loci of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-18, and development of two multiplex PCRs for comprehensive capsule typing. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:83-89. [PMID: 29885806 PMCID: PMC6008488 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Problems with serological cross-reactivity have led to development of a number of PCRs (individual and multiplex) for molecular typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Most of these assays were developed for detection of specific amplicons within capsule biosynthetic genes before the availability of complete sequences for the different serovars. Here we describe comparative analysis of the complete capsular loci for all 18 serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae, and development of two multiplex PCRs for comprehensive capsule typing of this important pig pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Roberto Fernandez Crespo
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rita Sárközi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
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17
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Sárközi R, Fodor L, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Casas Amoribieta M, Angen Ø, Nedbalcova K, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Proposal of serovars 17 and 18 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on serological and genotypic analysis. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:1-6. [PMID: 29615241 PMCID: PMC5901230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of two new serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Serological confirmation of specific reactivity with homologous antisera. Characterization of the capsule loci of serovars 17 and 18. Development of PCRs for molecular diagnostics.
The aim of this study was to investigate isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae previously designated serologically either as non-typable (NT) or as ‘K2:07’, which did not produce serovar-specific amplicons in PCR assays. We used whole genome sequencing to identify the capsule (CPS) loci of six previously designated biovar 1 NT and two biovar 1 ‘K2:O7’ isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae from Denmark, as well as a recent biovar 2 NT isolate from Canada. All of the NT isolates have the same six-gene type I CPS locus, sharing common cpsABC genes with serovars 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 13. The two ‘K2:O7’ isolates contain a unique three-gene type II CPS locus, having a cpsA gene similar to that of serovars 1, 4, 12, 14 and 15. The previously NT isolates share the same O-antigen genes, found between erpA and rpsU, as serovars 3, 6, 8, and 15. Whereas the ‘K2:O7’ isolates, have the same O-antigen genes as serovar 7, which likely contributed to their previous mis-identification. All of the NT and ‘K2:O7’ isolates have only the genes required for production of ApxII (apxIICA structural genes, and apxIBD export genes). Rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against representative isolates with these new CPS loci demonstrated distinct reactivity compared to the 16 known serovars. The serological and genomic results indicate that the isolates constitute new serovars 17 (previously NT) and 18 (previously ‘K2:O7’). Primers designed for amplification of specific serovar 17 and 18 sequences for molecular diagnostics will facilitate epidemiological tracking of these two new serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Rita Sárközi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
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18
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Cuccui J, Terra VS, Bossé JT, Naegeli A, Abouelhadid S, Li Y, Lin CW, Vohra P, Tucker AW, Rycroft AN, Maskell DJ, Aebi M, Langford PR, Wren BW. The N-linking glycosylation system from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is required for adhesion and has potential use in glycoengineering. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.160212. [PMID: 28077594 PMCID: PMC5303269 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a mucosal respiratory pathogen causing contagious porcine pleuropneumonia. Pathogenesis studies have demonstrated a major role for the capsule, exotoxins and outer membrane proteins. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae can also glycosylate proteins, using a cytoplasmic N-linked glycosylating enzyme designated NGT, but its transcriptional arrangement and role in virulence remains unknown. We investigated the NGT locus and demonstrated that the putative transcriptional unit consists of rimO, ngt and a glycosyltransferase termed agt. From this information we used the A. pleuropneumoniae glycosylation locus to decorate an acceptor protein, within Escherichia coli, with a hexose polymer that reacted with an anti-dextran antibody. Mass spectrometry analysis of a truncated protein revealed that this operon could add up to 29 repeat units to the appropriate sequon. We demonstrated the importance of NGT in virulence, by creating deletion mutants and testing them in a novel respiratory cell line adhesion model. This study demonstrates the importance of the NGT glycosylation system for pathogenesis and its potential biotechnological application for glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Cuccui
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Vanessa S Terra
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andreas Naegeli
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sherif Abouelhadid
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Prerna Vohra
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Markus Aebi
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Antenucci F, Fougeroux C, Bossé JT, Magnowska Z, Roesch C, Langford P, Holst PJ, Bojesen AM. Identification and characterization of serovar-independent immunogens in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Res 2017; 48:74. [PMID: 29122004 PMCID: PMC5679336 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous actions to prevent disease, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) remains a major cause of porcine pleuropneumonia, resulting in economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In this paper, we describe the utilization of a reverse vaccinology approach for the selection and in vitro testing of serovar-independent A. pleuropneumoniae immunogens. Potential immunogens were identified in the complete genomes of three A. pleuropneumoniae strains belonging to different serovars using the following parameters: predicted outer-membrane subcellular localization; ≤ 1 trans-membrane helices; presence of a signal peptide in the protein sequence; presence in all known A. pleuropneumoniae genomes; homology with other well characterized factors with relevant data regarding immunogenicity/protective potential. Using this approach, we selected the proteins ApfA and VacJ to be expressed and further characterized, both in silico and in vitro. Additionally, we analysed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of A. pleuropneumoniae MIDG2331 as potential immunogens, and compared deletions in degS and nlpI for increasing yields of OMVs compared to the parental strain. Our results indicated that ApfA and VacJ are highly conserved proteins, naturally expressed during infection by all A. pleuropneumoniae serovars tested. Furthermore, OMVs, ApfA and VacJ were shown to possess a high immunogenic potential in vitro. These findings favour the immunogen selection protocol used, and suggest that OMVs, along with ApfA and VacJ, could represent effective immunogens for the prevention of A. pleuropneumoniae infections in a serovar-independent manner. This hypothesis is nonetheless predictive in nature, and in vivo testing in a relevant animal model will be necessary to verify its validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antenucci
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyrielle Fougeroux
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology ISIM, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, Bldg 22/23, København K, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, 236 Wright Fleming Wing, London, UK
| | - Zofia Magnowska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Roesch
- Izon Science Ltd, Bâtiment Laennec, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Langford
- Department of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, 236 Wright Fleming Wing, London, UK
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology ISIM, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, Bldg 22/23, København K, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
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Sassu EL, Bossé JT, Tobias TJ, Gottschalk M, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I. Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-knowledge, gaps and challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:72-90. [PMID: 29083117 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine herds in most countries of the world. Pigs affected by peracute and acute disease suffer from severe respiratory distress with high lethality. The agent was first described in 1957 and, since then, knowledge about the pathogen itself, and its interactions with the host, has increased continuously. This is, in part, due to the fact that experimental infections can be studied in the natural host. However, the fact that most commercial pigs are colonized by this pathogen has hampered the applicability of knowledge gained under experimental conditions. In addition, several factors are involved in development of disease, and these have often been studied individually. In a DISCONTOOLS initiative, members from science, industry and clinics exchanged their expertise and empirical observations and identified the major gaps in knowledge. This review sums up published results and expert opinions, within the fields of pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, immune response to infection, as well as the main means of prevention, detection and control. The gaps that still remain to be filled are highlighted, and present as well as future challenges in the control of this disease are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Sassu
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T J Tobias
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bakum, Germany
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Rogers J, Fernandez Crespo R, Li Y, Chaudhuri RR, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Whole Genome Sequencing for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:311. [PMID: 28321207 PMCID: PMC5337627 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of 96 clinical isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important porcine respiratory pathogen, and the identification of AMR genes in whole genome sequence (wgs) data. Susceptibility of the isolates to nine antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, tilmicosin, trimethoprim, and tylosin) was determined by agar dilution susceptibility test. Except for the macrolides tested, elevated MICs were highly correlated to the presence of AMR genes identified in wgs data using ResFinder or BLASTn. Of the isolates tested, 57% were resistant to tetracycline [MIC ≥ 4 mg/L; 94.8% with either tet(B) or tet(H)]; 48% to sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥ 256 mg/L or DD = 6; 100% with sul2), 20% to ampicillin (MIC ≥ 4 mg/L; 100% with blaROB-1), 17% to trimethoprim (MIC ≥ 32 mg/L; 100% with dfrA14), and 6% to enrofloxacin (MIC ≥ 0.25 mg/L; 100% with GyrAS83F). Only 33% of the isolates did not have detectable AMR genes, and were sensitive by MICs for the antimicrobial agents tested. Although 23 isolates had MIC ≥ 32 mg/L for tylosin, all isolates had MIC ≤ 16 mg/L for both erythromycin and tilmicosin, and no macrolide resistance genes or known point mutations were detected. Other than the GyrAS83F mutation, the AMR genes detected were mapped to potential plasmids. In addition to presence on plasmid(s), the tet(B) gene was also found chromosomally either as part of a 56 kb integrative conjugative element (ICEApl1) in 21, or as part of a Tn7 insertion in 15 isolates. Our results indicate that, with the exception of macrolides, wgs data can be used to accurately predict resistance of A. pleuropneumoniae to the tested antimicrobial agents and provides added value for routine surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Jon Rogers
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | | | - Yinghui Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
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Cuccui J, Terra VS, Bossé JT, Naegeli A, Abouelhadid S, Li Y, Lin CW, Vohra P, Tucker AW, Rycroft AN, Maskell DJ, Aebi M, Langford PR, Wren BW. The N-linking glycosylation system from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is required for adhesion and has potential use in glycoengineering. Open Biol 2017. [PMID: 28077594 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160212.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a mucosal respiratory pathogen causing contagious porcine pleuropneumonia. Pathogenesis studies have demonstrated a major role for the capsule, exotoxins and outer membrane proteins. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae can also glycosylate proteins, using a cytoplasmic N-linked glycosylating enzyme designated NGT, but its transcriptional arrangement and role in virulence remains unknown. We investigated the NGT locus and demonstrated that the putative transcriptional unit consists of rimO, ngt and a glycosyltransferase termed agt. From this information we used the A. pleuropneumoniae glycosylation locus to decorate an acceptor protein, within Escherichia coli, with a hexose polymer that reacted with an anti-dextran antibody. Mass spectrometry analysis of a truncated protein revealed that this operon could add up to 29 repeat units to the appropriate sequon. We demonstrated the importance of NGT in virulence, by creating deletion mutants and testing them in a novel respiratory cell line adhesion model. This study demonstrates the importance of the NGT glycosylation system for pathogenesis and its potential biotechnological application for glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Cuccui
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Vanessa S Terra
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Andreas Naegeli
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sherif Abouelhadid
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Prerna Vohra
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Markus Aebi
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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Rossi CC, Bossé JT, Li Y, Witney AA, Gould KA, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS. A computational strategy for the search of regulatory small RNAs in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. RNA 2016; 22:1373-85. [PMID: 27402897 PMCID: PMC4986893 DOI: 10.1261/rna.055129.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in gene regulation and are frequently connected to the expression of virulence factors in diverse bacteria. Only a few sRNAs have been described for Pasteurellaceae pathogens and no in-depth analysis of sRNAs has been described for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, responsible for considerable losses in the swine industry. To search for sRNAs in A. pleuropneumoniae, we developed a strategy for the computational analysis of the bacterial genome by using four algorithms with different approaches, followed by experimental validation. The coding strand and expression of 17 out of 23 RNA candidates were confirmed by Northern blotting, RT-PCR, and RNA sequencing. Among them, two are likely riboswitches, three are housekeeping regulatory RNAs, two are the widely studied GcvB and 6S sRNAs, and 10 are putative novel trans-acting sRNAs, never before described for any bacteria. The latter group has several potential mRNA targets, many of which are involved with virulence, stress resistance, or metabolism, and connect the sRNAs in a complex gene regulatory network. The sRNAs identified are well conserved among the Pasteurellaceae that are evolutionarily closer to A. pleuropneumoniae and/or share the same host. Our results show that the combination of newly developed computational programs can be successfully utilized for the discovery of novel sRNAs and indicate an intricate system of gene regulation through sRNAs in A. pleuropneumoniae and in other Pasteurellaceae, thus providing clues for novel aspects of virulence that will be explored in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro C Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam A Witney
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kate A Gould
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Denise M S Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-900, Brazil
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Li Y, Bossé JT, Williamson SM, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 predominates in England and Wales. Vet Rec 2016; 179:276. [PMID: 27531715 PMCID: PMC5036230 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - J T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - S M Williamson
- APHA-Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2RX, UK
| | - D J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - A W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - B W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - A N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Fernandez Crespo R, Chaudhuri RR, Rogers J, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. ICEApl1, an Integrative Conjugative Element Related to ICEHin1056, Identified in the Pig Pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:810. [PMID: 27379024 PMCID: PMC4908127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ICEApl1 was identified in the whole genome sequence of MIDG2331, a tetracycline-resistant (MIC = 8 mg/L) serovar 8 clinical isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. PCR amplification of virB4, one of the core genes involved in conjugation, was used to identify other A. pleuropneumoniae isolates potentially carrying ICEApl1. MICs for tetracycline were determined for virB4 positive isolates, and shotgun whole genome sequence analysis was used to confirm presence of the complete ICEApl1. The sequence of ICEApl1 is 56083 bp long and contains 67 genes including a Tn10 element encoding tetracycline resistance. Comparative sequence analysis was performed with similar integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) found in other members of the Pasteurellaceae. ICEApl1 is most similar to the 59393 bp ICEHin1056, from Haemophilus influenzae strain 1056. Although initially identified only in serovar 8 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (31 from the UK and 1 from Cyprus), conjugal transfer of ICEApl1 to representative isolates of other serovars was confirmed. All isolates carrying ICEApl1 had a MIC for tetracycline of 8 mg/L. This is, to our knowledge, the first description of an ICE in A. pleuropneumoniae, and the first report of a member of the ICEHin1056 subfamily in a non-human pathogen. ICEApl1 confers resistance to tetracycline, currently one of the more commonly used antibiotics for treatment and control of porcine pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
| | | | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Jon Rogers
- Animal and Plant Health Agency Bury St Edmunds Suffolk, UK
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College Hatfield, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London London, UK
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Li G, Xie F, Zhang Y, Bossé JT, Langford PR, Wang C. Role of (p)ppGpp in Viability and Biofilm Formation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae S8. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141501. [PMID: 26509499 PMCID: PMC4624843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium and the cause of porcine pleuropneumonia. When the bacterium encounters nutritional starvation, the relA-dependent (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response is activated. The modified nucleotides guanosine 5’-diphosphate 3’-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine 5’-triphosphate 3’-diphosphate (pppGpp) are known to be signaling molecules in other prokaryotes. Here, to investigate the role of (p)ppGpp in A. pleuropneumoniae, we created a mutant A. pleuropneumoniae strain, S8ΔrelA, which lacks the (p)ppGpp-synthesizing enzyme RelA, and investigated its phenotype in vitro. S8ΔrelA did not survive after stationary phase (starvation condition) and grew exclusively as non-extended cells. Compared to the wild-type (WT) strain, the S8ΔrelA mutant had an increased ability to form a biofilm. Transcriptional profiles of early stationary phase cultures revealed that a total of 405 bacterial genes were differentially expressed (including 380 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated genes) in S8ΔrelA as compared with the WT strain. Most of the up-regulated genes are involved in ribosomal structure and biogenesis, amino acid transport and metabolism, translation cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis. The data indicate that (p)ppGpp coordinates the growth, viability, morphology, biofilm formation and metabolic ability of A. pleuropneumoniae in starvation conditions. Furthermore, S8ΔrelA could not use certain sugars nor produce urease which has been associated with the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, suggesting that (p)ppGpp may directly or indirectly affect the pathogenesis of A. pleuropneumoniae during the infection process. In summary, (p)ppGpp signaling represents an essential component of the regulatory network governing stress adaptation and virulence in A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhe Zhang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Janine T. Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chunlai Wang
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Atherton TG, Walker S, Williamson SM, Rogers J, Chaudhuri RR, Weinert LA, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Characterisation of a mobilisable plasmid conferring florfenicol and chloramphenicol resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2015; 178:279-82. [PMID: 26049592 PMCID: PMC4503812 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
First complete sequence of a floR plasmid from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Extended similarity to floR plasmids in other Pasteurellaceae species Conjugal transfer between between species confirmed
The complete nucleotide sequence of a 7.7 kb mobilisable plasmid (pM3446F), isolated from a florfenicol resistant isolate of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, showed extended similarity to plasmids found in other members of the Pasteurellaceae containing the floR gene as well as replication and mobilisation genes. Mobilisation into other Pasteurellaceae species confirmed that this plasmid can be transferred horizontally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Tom G Atherton
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Stephanie Walker
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Susanna M Williamson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2RX, UK
| | - Jon Rogers
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2RX, UK
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Walker S, Atherton T, Fernandez Crespo R, Williamson SM, Rogers J, Chaudhuri RR, Weinert LA, Oshota O, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Identification of dfrA14 in two distinct plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2217-22. [PMID: 25957382 PMCID: PMC4500777 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from pigs in England. Methods Clinical isolates collected between 1998 and 2011 were tested for resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamide. The genetic basis of trimethoprim resistance was determined by shotgun WGS analysis and the subsequent isolation and sequencing of plasmids. Results A total of 16 (out of 106) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates were resistant to both trimethoprim (MIC >32 mg/L) and sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L), and a further 32 were resistant only to sulfisoxazole (MIC ≥256 mg/L). Genome sequence data for the trimethoprim-resistant isolates revealed the presence of the dfrA14 dihydrofolate reductase gene. The distribution of plasmid sequences in multiple contigs suggested the presence of two distinct dfrA14-containing plasmids in different isolates, which was confirmed by plasmid isolation and sequencing. Both plasmids encoded mobilization genes, the sulphonamide resistance gene sul2, as well as dfrA14 inserted into strA, a streptomycin-resistance-associated gene, although the gene order differed between the two plasmids. One of the plasmids further encoded the strB streptomycin-resistance-associated gene. Conclusions This is the first description of mobilizable plasmids conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae and, to our knowledge, the first report of dfrA14 in any member of the Pasteurellaceae. The identification of dfrA14 conferring trimethoprim resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates will facilitate PCR screens for resistance to this important antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Stephanie Walker
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Tom Atherton
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Roberto Fernandez Crespo
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Susanna M Williamson
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2RX, UK
| | - Jon Rogers
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2RX, UK
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Olusegun Oshota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Matt T G Holden
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
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Pereira MF, Rossi CC, Vieira de Queiroz M, Martins GF, Isaac C, Bossé JT, Li Y, Wren BW, Terra VS, Cuccui J, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS. Galleria mellonella is an effective model to study Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 161:387-400. [PMID: 25414045 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.083923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that causes significant global economic loss. Its virulence depends on many factors, such as capsular polysaccharides, RTX toxins and iron-acquisition systems. Analysis of virulence may require easy-to-use models that approximate mammalian infection and avoid ethical issues. Here, we investigate the potential use of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as an informative model for A. pleuropneumoniae infection. Genotypically distinct A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were able to kill larvae at 37 °C but had different LD50 values, ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) c.f.u. per larva. The most virulent isolate (1022) was able to persist and replicate within the insect, while the least virulent (780) was rapidly cleared. We observed a decrease in haemocyte concentration, aggregation and DNA damage post-infection with isolate 1022. Melanization points around bacterial cells were observed in the fat body and pericardial tissues of infected G. mellonella, indicating vigorous cell and humoral immune responses close to the larval dorsal vessel. As found in pigs, an A. pleuropneumoniae hfq mutant was significantly attenuated for infection in the G. mellonella model. Additionally, the model could be used to assess the effectiveness of several antimicrobial agents against A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo. G. mellonella is a suitable inexpensive alternative infection model that can be used to study the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, as well as assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Clement Isaac
- Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Akpoma, Nigeria.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Vanessa Sofia Terra
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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31
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Maglennon GA, Cook BS, Deeney AS, Bossé JT, Peters SE, Langford PR, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN. Transposon mutagenesis in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using a novel mariner-based system for generating random mutations. Vet Res 2013; 44:124. [PMID: 24359443 PMCID: PMC4028751 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs, a chronic respiratory disease associated with significant economic losses to swine producers worldwide. The molecular pathogenesis of infection is poorly understood due to the lack of genetic tools to allow manipulation of the organism and more generally for the Mycoplasma genus. The objective of this study was to develop a system for generating random transposon insertion mutants in M. hyopneumoniae that could prove a powerful tool in enabling the pathogenesis of infection to be unraveled. A novel delivery vector was constructed containing a hyperactive C9 mutant of the Himar1 transposase along with a mini transposon containing the tetracycline resistance cassette, tetM. M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 was electroporated with the construct and tetM-expressing transformants selected on agar containing tetracycline. Individual transformants contained single transposon insertions that were stable upon serial passages in broth medium. The insertion sites of 44 individual transformants were determined and confirmed disruption of several M. hyopneumoniae genes. A large pool of over 10 000 mutants was generated that should allow saturation of the M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 genome. This is the first time that transposon mutagenesis has been demonstrated in this important pathogen and could be generally applied for other Mycoplasma species that are intractable to genetic manipulation. The ability to generate random mutant libraries is a powerful tool in the further study of the pathogenesis of this important swine pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK.
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Maglennon GA, Cook BS, Matthews D, Deeney AS, Bossé JT, Langford PR, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN. Development of a self-replicating plasmid system for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Res 2013; 44:63. [PMID: 23895236 PMCID: PMC3765554 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a prevalent swine respiratory pathogen that is a major cause of economic loss to pig producers. Control is achieved by a combination of antimicrobials, vaccination and management practices, but current vaccines offer only partial control and there is a need for improved preventative strategies. A major barrier to advances in understanding the pathogenesis of M. hyopneumoniae and in developing new vaccines is the lack of tools to genetically manipulate the organism. We describe the development and optimisation of the first successful plasmid-based system for the genetic manipulation of M. hyopneumoniae. Our artificial plasmids contain the origin of replication (oriC) of M. hyopneumoniae along with tetM, conferring resistance to tetracycline. With these plasmids, we have successfully transformed M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 by electroporation, generating tetracycline resistant organisms. The persistence of extrachromosomal plasmid and maintenance of plasmid DNA over serial passages shows that these artificial plasmids are capable of self-replication in M. hyopneumoniae. In addition to demonstrating the amenability of M. hyopneumoniae to genetic manipulation and in optimising the conditions necessary for successful transformation, we have used this system to determine the minimum functional oriC of M. hyopneumoniae. In doing so, we have developed a plasmid with a small oriC that is stably maintained over multiple passages that may be useful in generating targeted gene disruptions. In conclusion, we have generated a set of plasmids that will be valuable in studies of M. hyopneumoniae pathogenesis and provide a major step forward in the study of this important swine pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth A Maglennon
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
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O'Neill C, Jones SCP, Bossé JT, Watson CM, Williamson SM, Rycroft AN, Kroll JS, Hartley HM, Langford PR. Prevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars in England and Wales. Vet Rec 2011; 167:661-2. [PMID: 21257468 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C O'Neill
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London
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34
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O'Neilla C, Jones SCP, Bossé JT, Watson CM, Williamson SM, Rycroft AN, Simon Kroll J, Hartley HM, Langford PR. Population-based analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIVA for use as a DIVA antigen. Vaccine 2010; 28:4871-4874. [PMID: 20483193 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
APXIVA is an RTX toxin of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that is a candidate antigen to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Insertion of ISApl1 into the apxIVA gene is known to compromise an APXIVA-based DIVA approach, as is potentially a TGG to TGA mutation in the apxIVA gene. ISApl1 was found in 63/349 (18.1%) A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from England and Wales including serovars 2, 3, 6-8 and 12. No ISApl1 insertions into apxIVA were found. Only two serovar 3 isolates contained the TGG to TGA mutation. We conclude that an ApxIVA-based DIVA approach would potentially be viable in England and Wales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaragh O'Neilla
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Sophie C P Jones
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Susanna M Williamson
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2RX, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mimms, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - J Simon Kroll
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | | | - Paul R Langford
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
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35
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Buettner FFR, Bendalla IM, Bossé JT, Meens J, Nash JHE, Härtig E, Langford PR, Gerlach GF. Analysis of the
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
HlyX (FNR) regulon and identification of iron-regulated protein B as an essential virulence factor. Proteomics 2009; 9:2383-98. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mullen LM, Bossé JT, Nair SP, Ward JM, Rycroft AN, Robertson G, Langford PR, Henderson B. Pasteurellaceae ComE1 proteins combine the properties of fibronectin adhesins and DNA binding competence proteins. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3991. [PMID: 19098981 PMCID: PMC2601033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fibronectin-binding protein from Pasteurella multocida (PM1665) that binds to the fibronectin type III9-10 modules via two helix-hairpin-helix motifs has recently been described [1]. This protein shares homology with competence-related DNA-binding and uptake proteins (ComEA and ComE) from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we show that recombinant PM1665 (now designated ComE1) also binds to DNA through the same helix-hairpin-helix motifs required for fibronectin-binding. This binding to DNA is non sequence-specific and is confined to double-stranded DNA. We have cloned and expressed ComE1 proteins from five members of the Pasteurellaceae in order to further investigate the function(s) of these proteins. When expressed as recombinant GST-fusion proteins, all of the homologues bound both to fibronectin and to double-stranded DNA. Inactivation of the gene encoding the ComE1 homologue in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae indicates major roles for these proteins in at least two processes: natural transformation, and binding of bacteria to fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mullen
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Zhou L, Jones SCP, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. PCR specific for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3. Vet Rec 2008; 162:648-52. [PMID: 18487584 DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.20.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Serotypes 3 and 8 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, have been reported to predominate in the UK. Direct serotyping of isolates of the organism is typically determined by the immunological reactivity of rabbit serum to its surface polysaccharides, but the method has limitations, for example, cross-reactions between serotypes 3, 6 and 8. This study describes the development of a serotype 3-specific pcr, based on the capsule locus, which can be used in a multiplex format with the organism's specific gene apxIV. The pcr test was evaluated on 266 strains of A pleuropneumoniae and 121 strains of other organisms, including all the major respiratory bacterial pathogens of pigs. The test was highly specific and sensitive and should be useful for differentiating strains of serotypes 3, 6 and 8, and in seroprevalence and epidemiological surveys in regions where serotype 3 is prevalent, such as the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London w2 1pg
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38
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Zhou L, Jones SCP, Angen Ø, Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Frey J, Zhou R, Chen HC, Kroll JS, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Multiplex PCR that can distinguish between immunologically cross- reactive serovar 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:800-3. [PMID: 18094137 PMCID: PMC2238117 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01787-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR, based on capsular loci and the species specific apxIV gene, that unequivocally differentiates serovar 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains that are cross-reactive in conventional immunological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) provided the first widely applicable high-throughput method for detecting conditionally essential genes in bacteria by using negative selection to screen large pools of transposon (Tn) mutants. STM requires no prior knowledge of the bacterium's genome sequence, and has been used to study a large number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, greatly expanding the repertoires of known virulence factors for these organisms. Originally, hybridization of radiolabelled probes to colony or dot blots was used to detect differences in populations of tagged mutants before and after growth under a selective condition. Modifications of the tag detection method involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and visualisation by gel electrophoresis have been developed and can be automated through the use of robotics. Genetic footprinting is another negative selection technique that uses PCR amplification to detect loss of mutants from a pool. Unlike PCR-STM, this technique allows direct amplification of Tn-flanking sequences. However, it requires the bacterium's whole genome sequence in order to design specific primers for every gene of interest. More recently, a number of techniques have been described that combine the negative-selection principle of STM and genetic footprinting with the genome-wide screening power of DNA microarrays. These techniques, although also requiring whole genome sequences, use either a form of linker-mediated or semi-random PCR to amplify and label Tn-flanking regions for hybridization to microarrays. The superior sensitivity microarray detection allows greater numbers of mutants to be screened per pool, as well as determination of the coverage/distribution of insertions in the library prior to screening, two significant advantages over STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Bossé
- Molecular Infectious Disease Group, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London, UK. W2 1PG.
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40
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Jacobsen I, Gerstenberger J, Gruber AD, Bossé JT, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I, Meens J, Gerlach GF. Deletion of the ferric uptake regulator Fur impairs the in vitro growth and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Infect Immun 2005; 73:3740-4. [PMID: 15908404 PMCID: PMC1111875 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.6.3740-3744.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the role of the ferric uptake regulator Fur in the porcine lung pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, we constructed an isogenic in-frame deletion mutant, A. pleuropneumoniae Deltafur. This mutant showed constitutive expression of transferrin-binding proteins, growth deficiencies in vitro, and reduced virulence in an aerosol infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Jacobsen
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Bossé JT, Nash JHE, Kroll JS, Langford PR. Harnessing natural transformation in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a simple method for allelic replacements. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 233:277-81. [PMID: 15063496 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2003] [Revised: 01/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the use of a natural transformation protocol to introduce mutations into Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5b. For both strains tested, we recovered 1 in 10(8) transformants during culture in rich medium, a result that was independent of the growth phase. This low frequency of transformation of A. pleuropneumoniae did not increase when bacteria were grown under conditions known to be optimal for induction of competence in Haemophilus influenzae. Using linearised plasmid DNA containing a kanamycin cassette inserted into the sodC gene of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1, we showed that natural transformation can be used as a simple method for introducing allele replacements into this bacterium, and can be used to transfer mutations from one serotype to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Molecular Infectious Disease Group, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
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Hodgetts A, Bossé JT, Kroll JS, Langford PR. Analysis of differential protein expression in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation—ProteinChip™ (SELDI) technology. Vet Microbiol 2004; 99:215-25. [PMID: 15066724 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Revised: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the aetiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. An increased understanding of its molecular basis of pathogenicity and vaccine development will be facilitated by the availability of sequence data from a complete genome which, by analogy to other bacteria, is predicted to encode many proteins in the molecular mass range 3-20kDa. However, conventional techniques to study bacterial protein expression, such as SDS-PAGE and 2-dimensional electrophoresis, typically focus on the 15-200kDa range. In this study we have evaluated Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionisation-ProteinChip (SELDI) technology for the analysis of protein expression, in particular those of <20kDa, of APP grown under different environmental conditions. Cytoplasmic/periplasmic and outer membrane protein fractions were obtained from the APP wildtype serotype 1 strain 4074 grown in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth (+different concentrations of NAD), BHI containing pig serum or defined medium. Optimum conditions for SELDI profiles included a sample size of 1 microg and the use of sinapinic acid as the energy absorbing matrix. In the <20kDa range, the SELDI profiles obtained from wild-type bacteria grown in rich medium plus 33-66% pig serum were most similar to those grown in defined medium. The SELDI profiles of extracts of the wild-type and of an rpoE mutant were similar although there were clear differences. The results suggest that SELDI is a useful complementary approach to conventional proteomic analytical methods with APP, and presumably other bacterial pathogens, being particularly suited for analysis of proteins in the <20kDa mass range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hodgetts
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
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Beddek AJ, Sheehan BJ, Bossé JT, Rycroft AN, Kroll JS, Langford PR. Two TonB systems in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: their roles in iron acquisition and virulence. Infect Immun 2004; 72:701-8. [PMID: 14742511 PMCID: PMC321588 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.2.701-708.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron acquisition in vivo by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae depends upon a functional TonB system. Tonpitak et al. (W. Tonpitak, S. Thiede, W. Oswald, N. Baltes, and G.-F. Gerlach, Infect. Immun. 68:1164-1170, 2000) have described one such system, associated with tbpBA encoding the transferrin receptor, and here we report a second, termed tonB2. This gene cluster (exbB2-exbD2-tonB2) is highly homologous to those in other Pasteurellaceae, unlike the earlier system described (now termed tonB1), suggesting that it is the indigenous system for this organism. Both tonB2 and tonB1 are upregulated upon iron restriction. TonB2, but not TonB1, was found to be essential for growth in vitro when the sole source of iron was hemin, porcine hemoglobin, or ferrichrome. In the case of iron provided as iron-loaded porcine transferrin, neither tonB mutant was viable. The tonB1 phenotype could be explained by a polar effect of the mutation on transcription of downstream tbp genes. We propose that TonB2 is crucial for the acquisition of iron provided in this form, interacting with accessory proteins of the TonB1 system that have been demonstrated to be necessary by Tonpitak et al. TonB2 appears to play a much more important role in A. pleuropneumoniae virulence than TonB1. In an acute porcine infection model, the tonB2 mutant was found to be highly attenuated, while the tonB1 mutant was not. We hypothesize that acquisition of the tonB1-tbp gene cluster confers a biological advantage through its capacity to utilize transferrin-iron but that TonB1 itself plays little or no part in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Beddek
- Molecular Infectious Disease Group, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Sheehan BJ, Bossé JT, Beddek AJ, Rycroft AN, Kroll JS, Langford PR. Identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genes important for survival during infection in its natural host. Infect Immun 2003; 71:3960-70. [PMID: 12819083 PMCID: PMC161985 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.7.3960-3970.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2003] [Revised: 03/13/2003] [Accepted: 04/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a strict respiratory tract pathogen of swine and is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. We have used signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) to identify genes required for survival of the organism within the pig. A total of 2,064 signature-tagged Tn10 transposon mutants were assembled into pools of 48 each, and used to inoculate pigs by the endotracheal route. Out of 105 mutants that were consistently attenuated in vivo, only 11 mutants showed a >2-fold reduction in growth in vitro compared to the wild type, whereas 8 of 14 mutants tested showed significant levels of attenuation in pig as evidenced from competitive index experiments. Inverse PCR was used to generate DNA sequence of the chromosomal domains flanking each transposon insertion. Only one sibling pair of mutants was identified, but three apparent transposon insertion hot spots were found--an anticipated consequence of the use of a Tn10-based system. Transposon insertions were found within 55 different loci, and similarity (BLAST) searching identified possible analogues or homologues for all but four of these. Matches included proteins putatively involved in metabolism and transport of various nutrients or unknown substances, in stress responses, in gene regulation, and in the production of cell surface components. Ten of the sequences have homology with genes involved in lipopolysaccharide and capsule production. The results highlight the importance of genes involved in energy metabolism, nutrient uptake and stress responses for the survival of A. pleuropneumoniae in its natural host: the pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sheehan
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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Bossé JT, Janson H, Sheehan BJ, Beddek AJ, Rycroft AN, Kroll JS, Langford PR. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: pathobiology and pathogenesis of infection. Microbes Infect 2002; 4:225-35. [PMID: 11880056 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious disease for which there is no effective vaccine. This review considers how adhesins, iron-acquisition factors, capsule and lipopolysaccharide, RTX cytotoxins and other potential future vaccine components contribute to colonisation, to avoidance of host clearance mechanisms and to damage of host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, St. Mary's Campus, W2 1PG, London, UK.
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Abstract
Characterization of a series of urease-negative transposon mutations of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae revealed that many of the mutants had insertions 2 to 4 kbp upstream of the urease gene cluster. A 5-kbp upstream region of DNA was sequenced and found to contain six open reading frames (ORFs) transcribed in the same orientation as the urease genes. As well, a partial ORF, apuR, 202 bp upstream of these six ORFs, is transcribed in the opposite orientation. The predicted product of this partial ORF shows homology with many members of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators. Five of the ORFs (cbiKLMQO) appear to form an operon encoding a putative nickel and cobalt periplasmic permease system. The cbiM and cbiQ genes encode proteins that have sequence similarity with known cobalt transport membrane proteins, and the cbiO gene encodes a cobalt transport ATP-binding protein homologue. The product of the cbiK gene is predicted to be the periplasmic-binding-protein component of the system, though it does not show any sequence similarity with CbiN, the cobalt-binding periplasmic protein. Escherichia coli clones containing this putative transport operon together with the urease genes of A. pleuropneumoniae were urease positive when grown in unsupplemented Luria-Bertani broth, whereas a clone containing only the minimal urease gene cluster required the addition of high concentrations of NiCl(2) for full urease activity. This result supports the hypothesis that nickel is a substrate for this permease system. The sixth ORF, utp, appears to encode an integral membrane protein which has significant sequence identity with mammalian urea transport proteins, though its function in A. pleuropneumoniae remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Bossé
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1
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Bossé JT, MacInnes JI. Urease activity may contribute to the ability of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to establish infection. Can J Vet Res 2000; 64:145-50. [PMID: 10935879 PMCID: PMC1189605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of urease activity to the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was investigated using 2 different urease-negative transposon mutants of the virulent serotype 1 strain, CM5 Nalr. One mutant, cbiK::Tn10, is deficient in the uptake of nickel, a cofactor required for urease activity. The other mutant, ureG::Tn10, is unable to produce active urease due to mutation of the urease accessory gene, ureG. In aerosol challenge experiments, pigs developed acute pleuropneumonia following exposure to high doses (10(6) cfu/mL) of the parental strain, CM5 Nalr, and to the cbiK::Tn10 mutant. When low dose (10(3) cfu/mL) challenges were used, neither urease-negative mutant was able to establish infection, whereas the parental strain was able to colonize and cause lesions consistent with acute pleuropneumonia in 8 of the 20 pigs challenged. These findings suggest that urease activity may be needed for A. pleuropneumoniae to establish infection in the respiratory tract of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Bossé
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Ontario
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Abstract
The urease gene cluster from the virulent Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 strain CM5 was cloned and sequenced. The urease activity was associated with a 6.3-kbp region which contains eight long open reading frames (ORFs). The structural genes, ureABC, are separated from the accessory genes, ureEFGD, by a 615-bp ORF of unknown function, ureX. Homologies were found with the structural and accessory urease gene products of Haemophilus influenzae and, to a lesser extent, with those of other organisms. The urease enzyme subunits had predicted molecular masses of 61.0, 11.3, and 11.0 kDa, and the size of the holoenzyme was estimated to be 337 +/- 13 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. Urease activity was maximal but unstable at 65 degrees C. In cell lysates, the A. pleuropneumoniae urease was stable over a broad pH range (5.0 to 10.6) and the optimal pH for activity was 7.7. The Km was 1.5 +/- 0.1 mM urea when it was assayed at pH 7.7. The low Km suggests that this enzyme would be active in the respiratory tract environment, where urea levels should be similar to those normally found in pig serum (2 to 7 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Bossé
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Furesz SE, Mallard BA, Bossé JT, Rosendal S, Wilkie BN, MacInnes JI. Antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-infected and bacterin-vaccinated pigs. Infect Immun 1997; 65:358-65. [PMID: 9009283 PMCID: PMC174603 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.2.358-365.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Current porcine pleuropneumonia bacterins afford only partial protection by decreasing mortality but not morbidity. In order to better understand the type(s) of immune response associated with protection, antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses (CMIR) were compared for piglets before and after administration of a commercial bacterin, which confers partial protection, or a low-dose (10(5) CFU/ml) aerosol challenge with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae CM5 (LD), which induces complete protection. Control groups received phosphate-buffered saline or adjuvant. Serum antibody response, antibody avidity, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and lymphocyte blastogenic responses were measured and compared among treatment groups to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), capsular polysaccharide (CPS), hemolysin (HLY), and outer membrane proteins (OMP) of A. pleuropneumoniae. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and sera were collected prior to and following primary and secondary immunization-infection and high-dose A. pleuropneumoniae CM5 (10(7) CFU/ml) aerosol challenge. Serum antibody and DTH, particularly that to HLY, differed significantly between treatment groups, and increases were associated with protection. LD-infected piglets had higher antibody responses (P < or = 0.01) and antibody avidity (P < or = 0.10) than bacterin-vaccinated and control groups. Anti-HLY antibodies were consistently associated with protection, whereas anti-LPS and anti-CPS antibodies were not. LD-infected animals had higher DTH responses, particularly to HLY, than bacterin-vaccinated pigs (P < or = 0.03). The LD-infected group maintained consistent blastogenic responses to HLY, LPS, CPS, and OMP over the course of infection, unlike the bacterin-vaccinated and control animals. These data suggest that the immune responses induced by a commercial bacterin are very different from those induced by LD aerosol infection and that current bacterins may be modified, for instance, by addition of HLY, so as to stimulate responses which better reflect those induced by LD infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Furesz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
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Bossé JT, Friendship R, Rosendal S, Fenwick BW. Development and evaluation of a mixed-antigen ELISA for serodiagnosis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 5, and 7 infections in commercial swine herds. J Vet Diagn Invest 1993; 5:359-62. [PMID: 8373847 DOI: 10.1177/104063879300500309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A mixed-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) containing serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens from serotypes 1, 5, and 7 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was developed. This ELISA was evaluated using sera from experimentally infected pigs. With a negative cutoff value of 0.250 (optical density at 405 nm), sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 96% and 99.5%, respectively. The ELISA was further evaluated using sera from commercial swine. Sows and suckling piglets were found to be the best age groups for detection of positive reactors to A. pleuropneumoniae. The mixed-antigen ELISA could be used in a herd health monitoring program for detection of A. pleuropneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Bossé
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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