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van Mechelen RJS, Wolters JEJ, Fredrich S, Bertens CJF, Gijbels MJJ, Schenning APHJ, Pinchuk L, Gorgels TGMF, Beckers HJM. A Degradable Sustained-Release Drug Delivery System for Bleb-Forming Glaucoma Surgery. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300075. [PMID: 37249127 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis of the filtering bleb is one of the main causes of failure after bleb-forming glaucoma surgery. Intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC) is the current gold standard to reduce the fibrotic response. However, MMC is cytotoxic and one-time application is often insufficient. A sustained-release drug delivery system (DDS), loaded with MMC, may be less cytotoxic and equally or more effective. Two degradable (polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)) MMC-loaded DDSs are developed. Release kinetics are first assessed in vitro followed by rabbit implants in conjunction with the PRESERFLO MicroShunt. As a control, the MicroShunt is implanted with adjunctive use of a MMC solution. Rabbits are euthanized at postoperative day (POD) 28 and 90. The PLGA and PCL DDSs release (on average) 99% and 75% of MMC, respectively. All groups show functioning blebs until POD 90. Rabbits implanted with a DDS show more inflammation with avascular thin-walled blebs when compared to the control. However, collagen is more loosely arranged. The PLGA DDS shows less inflammation, less foreign body response (FBR), and more complete degradation at POD 90 when compared to the PCL DDS. Further optimization with regard to dosage is required to reduce side effects to the conjunctiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J S van Mechelen
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno E J Wolters
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Fredrich
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, A.M. Vree G1-146, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, Netherlands
| | - Christian J F Bertens
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, A.M. Vree G1-146, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, Netherlands
| | - Albert P H J Schenning
- Laboratory of Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard Pinchuk
- InnFocus Inc. a Santen company, 12415 S.W. 136 Avenue, Miami, FL, 33186, USA
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands
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2
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van Mechelen RJS, Wolters JEJ, Herfs M, Bertens CJF, Gijbels M, Pinchuk L, Gorgels TGMF, Beckers HJM. Wound Healing Response After Bleb-Forming Glaucoma Surgery With a SIBS Microshunt in Rabbits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:29. [PMID: 36018582 PMCID: PMC9428362 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.8.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The PreserFlo MicroShunt is an innovative implant for the surgical treatment of glaucoma. Although usually effective, surgeries can still fail due to fibrosis. This study was conducted to gain insight into the histological aspects of the fibrotic response and find potential targets to reduce postoperative fibrosis. Methods Fifteen New Zealand White rabbits were implanted with a microshunt and followed up for 40 days. Animals were euthanized at postoperative days (PODs) 1, 5, and 40 to collect eyes for histological evaluation. Bleb formation and ocular health were assessed by slit-lamp (SL) biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using rebound tonometry. Results Blebs failed after approximately 2 weeks based on bleb survival and IOP measurements. No severe complications were observed with OCT and SL. Histology revealed a wide variety of cells, in the bleb and around the microshunt, including polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs), myofibroblasts, and foreign body giant cells, at different PODs. Conclusions Implantation of a poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) microshunt in rabbits resulted in the occurrence of a wide variety of cells during the wound-healing response. Future research should further elucidate the potential of these (earlier often overlooked) cells to target the fibrotic response in vivo—for example, by developing novel antifibrotic drugs, methods for sustained delivery of medications, or augmenting material properties. Translational Relevance Current antifibrotic therapies aim to inhibit myofibroblasts; however, a wide variety of cells are involved in the fibrotic response. Future research focusing on these cells could offer novel methods for reducing the fibrotic response after glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J S van Mechelen
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jarno E J Wolters
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Herfs
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian J F Bertens
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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3
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Bertens CJF, van Mechelen RJS, Berendschot TTJM, Gijs M, Wolters JEJ, Gorgels TGMF, Nuijts RMMA, Beckers HJM. Repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three tonometers for measuring intraocular pressure in rabbits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19217. [PMID: 34584185 PMCID: PMC8478901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three commonly used tonometers in animal research (TonoLab, TonoVet, and TonoPEN AVIA) in a cohort of 24 rabbits. Additionally, the impact of sedation on IOP was investigated in 21 New Zealand White rabbits with the TonoVet tonometer. Repeatability was determined using the coefficient of variation (CoV) for two observers. For the TonoLab (6.55%) and TonoVet (6.38%) the CoV was lower than for the TonoPEN AVIA (10.88%). The reproducibility was highest for the TonoVet (0.2 ± 3.3 mmHg), followed by the TonoLab (0 ± 12.89 mmHg) and lowest for the TonoPEN AVIA (− 1.48 ± 10.3 mmHg). The TonoLab and TonoVet showed the highest agreement (r = 0.85, R2 = 0.73). After sedation, a significant IOP reduction (often > 25%) was observed. Our results show that among the three tonometers tested, the TonoVet tonometer is best for use in rabbits while the TonoLab should be avoided. The impact of sedation on IOP was substantial and should be taken into account during experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J F Bertens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ralph J S van Mechelen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Gijs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno E J Wolters
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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4
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Wolters JEJ, van Mechelen RJS, Al Majidi R, Pinchuk L, Webers CAB, Beckers HJM, Gorgels TGMF. History, presence, and future of mitomycin C in glaucoma filtration surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021; 32:148-159. [PMID: 33315724 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating agent with extraordinary ability to crosslink DNA, preventing DNA synthesis. By this virtue, MMC is an important antitumor drug. In addition, MMC has become the gold standard medication for glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). This eye surgery creates a passage for drainage of aqueous humor (AqH) out of the eye into the sub-Tenon's space with the aim of lowering the intraocular pressure. A major cause of failure of this operation is fibrosis and scarring in the sub-Tenon's space, which will restrict AqH outflow. Intraoperative application of MMC during GFS has increased GFS success rate, presumably mainly by reducing fibrosis after GFS. However, still 10% of glaucoma surgeries fail within the first year. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we evaluate risks and benefits of MMC as an adjuvant for GFS. In addition, we discuss possible improvements of its use by adjusting dose and method of administration. SUMMARY One way of improving GFS outcome is to prolong MMC delivery by using a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno E J Wolters
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph J S van Mechelen
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rana Al Majidi
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard Pinchuk
- InnFocus, Inc., a Santen Company
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
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5
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Kuijpers TJM, Wolters JEJ, Kleinjans JCS, Jennen DGJ. DynOVis: a web tool to study dynamic perturbations for capturing dose-over-time effects in biological networks. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:417. [PMID: 31409281 PMCID: PMC6693283 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of high throughput sequencing techniques provides us with the possibilities to obtain large data sets, which capture the effect of dynamic perturbations on cellular processes. However, because of the dynamic nature of these processes, the analysis of the results is challenging. Therefore, there is a great need for bioinformatics tools that address this problem. Results Here we present DynOVis, a network visualization tool that can capture dynamic dose-over-time effects in biological networks. DynOVis is an integrated work frame of R packages and JavaScript libraries and offers a force-directed graph network style, involving multiple network analysis methods such as degree threshold, but more importantly, it allows for node expression animations as well as a frame-by-frame view of the dynamic exposure. Valuable biological information can be highlighted on the nodes in the network, by the integration of various databases within DynOVis. This information includes pathway-to-gene associations from ConsensusPathDB, disease-to-gene associations from the Comparative Toxicogenomics databases, as well as Entrez gene ID, gene symbol, gene synonyms and gene type from the NCBI database. Conclusions DynOVis could be a useful tool to analyse biological networks which have a dynamic nature. It can visualize the dynamic perturbations in biological networks and allows the user to investigate the changes over time. The integrated data from various online databases makes it easy to identify the biological relevance of nodes in the network. With DynOVis we offer a service that is easy to use and does not require any bioinformatics skills to visualize a network.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J M Kuijpers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - J E J Wolters
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.,Present Address: School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), University Eye clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), P.O. Box 5800, Maastricht, 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - J C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - D G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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6
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Wolters JEJ, van Breda SGJ, Grossmann J, Fortes C, Caiment F, Kleinjans JCS. Integrated 'omics analysis reveals new drug-induced mitochondrial perturbations in human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2018; 289:1-13. [PMID: 29501571 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We performed a multiple 'omics study by integrating data on epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic perturbations associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in primary human hepatocytes caused by the liver toxicant valproic acid (VPA), to deeper understand downstream events following epigenetic alterations in the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, we investigated persistence of cross-omics changes after terminating drug treatment. Upon transient methylation changes of mitochondrial genes during VPA-treatment, increasing complexities of gene-interaction networks across time were demonstrated, which normalized during washout. Furthermore, co-expression between genes and their corresponding proteins increased across time. Additionally, in relation to persistently decreased ATP production, we observed decreased expression of mitochondrial complex I and III-V genes. Persistent transcripts and proteins were related to citric acid cycle and β-oxidation. In particular, we identified a potential novel mitochondrial-nuclear signaling axis, MT-CO2-FN1-MYC-CPT1. In summary, this cross-omics study revealed dynamic responses of the mitochondrial epigenome to an impulse toxicant challenge resulting in persistent mitochondrial dysfunctioning. Moreover, this approach allowed for discriminating between the toxic effect of VPA and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno E J Wolters
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone G J van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Fortes
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Wolters JEJ, van Breda SGJ, Caiment F, Claessen SM, de Kok TMCM, Kleinjans JCS. Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Methylation Patterns Induced by Valproic Acid in Human Hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1847-1854. [PMID: 28853863 PMCID: PMC5645762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Valproic
acid (VPA) is one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic
drugs in the world. Despite its pharmacological importance, it may
cause liver toxicity and steatosis through mitochondrial dysfunction.
The aim of this study is to further investigate VPA-induced mechanisms
of steatosis by analyzing changes in patterns of methylation in nuclear
DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Therefore, primary human
hepatocytes (PHHs) were exposed to an incubation concentration of
VPA that was shown to cause steatosis without inducing overt cytotoxicity.
VPA was administered daily for 5 days, and this was followed by a
3 day washout (WO). Methylated DNA regions (DMRs) were identified
by using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation–sequencing
(MeDIP-seq) method. The nDNA DMRs after VPA treatment could indeed
be classified into oxidative stress- and steatosis-related pathways.
In particular, networks of the steatosis-related gene EP300 provided novel insight into the mechanisms of toxicity induced by
VPA treatment. Furthermore, we suggest that VPA induces a crosstalk
between nDNA hypermethylation and mtDNA hypomethylation that plays
a role in oxidative stress and steatosis development. Although most
VPA-induced methylation patterns appeared reversible upon terminating
VPA treatment, 31 nDNA DMRs (including 5 zinc finger protein genes)
remained persistent after the WO period. Overall, we have shown that
MeDIP-seq analysis is highly informative in disclosing novel mechanisms
of VPA-induced toxicity in PHHs. Our results thus provide a prototype
for the novel generation of interesting methylation biomarkers for
repeated dose liver toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno E J Wolters
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Simone G J van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M Claessen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M C M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University , P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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8
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Wolters JEJ, van Herwijnen MHM, Theunissen DHJ, Jennen DGJ, Van den Hof WFPM, de Kok TMCM, Schaap FG, van Breda SGJ, Kleinjans JCS. Integrative “-Omics” Analysis in Primary Human Hepatocytes Unravels Persistent Mechanisms of Cyclosporine A-Induced Cholestasis. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2164-2174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarno E. J. Wolters
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H. M. van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. J. Theunissen
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Danyel G. J. Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim F. P. M. Van den Hof
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M. C. M. de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G. Schaap
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone G. J. van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C. S. Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics,
GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Deferme L, Wolters JEJ, Claessen SMH, Theunissen DHJ, van den Beucken T, Wagner JR, van Breda SG, Kleinjans JCS, Briedé JJ. Dynamic Interplay between the Transcriptome and Methylome in Response to Oxidative and Alkylating Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1428-38. [PMID: 27509014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that free radicals not only react directly with DNA but also regulate epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation, which may be relevant within the context of, for example, tumorigenesis. However, how these free radicals impact the epigenome remains unclear. We therefore investigated whether methyl and hydroxyl radicals, formed by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH), change temporal DNA methylation patterns and how this interferes with genome-wide gene expression. At three time points, TBH-induced radicals in HepG2 cells were identified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Total 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels were determined by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry and genome-wide changes in 5mC and gene expression by microarrays. Induced methylome changes rather represent an adaptive response to the oxidative stress-related reactions observed in the transcriptome. More specifically, we found that methyl radicals did not induce DNA methylation directly. An initial oxidative and alkylating stress-related response of the transcriptome during the early phase of TBH treatment was followed by an epigenetic response associated with cell survival signaling. Also, we identified genes of which the expression seems directly regulated by DNA methylation. This work suggests an important role of the methylome in counter-regulating primary oxidative and alkylating stress responses in the transcriptome to restore normal cell function. Altogether, the methylome may play an important role in counter-regulating primary oxidative and alkylating stress responses in the transcriptome presumably to restore normal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Deferme
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,ExxonMobil Petroleum and Chemicals , Hermeslaan 2, 1831 Machelen, Belgium
| | - Jarno E J Wolters
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M H Claessen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel H J Theunissen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Twan van den Beucken
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Simone G van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco J Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University , 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Jiang J, Wolters JEJ, van Breda SG, Kleinjans JC, de Kok TM. Development of novel tools for the in vitro investigation of drug-induced liver injury. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1523-37. [PMID: 26155718 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1065814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its complex mechanisms and unpredictable occurrence, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) complicates drug identification and classification. Since species-specific differences in metabolism and pharmacokinetics exist, data obtained from animal studies may not be sufficient to predict DILI in humans. AREAS COVERED Over the last few decades, numerous in vitro models have been developed to replace animal testing. The advantages and disadvantages of commonly used liver-derived in vitro models (e.g., cell lines, hepatocyte models, liver slices, three-dimensional (3D) hepatospheres, etc.) are discussed. Toxicogenomics-based methodologies (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) and next-generation sequencing have also been used to enhance the reliability of DILI prediction. This review presents an overview of the currently used alternative toxicological models and of the most advanced approaches in the field of DILI research. EXPERT OPINION It seems unlikely that a single in vitro system will be able to mimic the complex interactions in the human liver. Three-dimensional multicellular systems may bridge the gap between conventional 2D models and in vivo clinical studies in humans and provide a reliable basis for hepatic toxicity assay development. Next-generation sequencing technologies, in comparison to microarray-based technologies, may overcome the current limitations and are promising for the development of predictive models in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- a 1 Maastricht University, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Toxicogenomics , Maastricht, The Netherlands +31 43 3881090 ; +31 43 3884146 ;
| | - Jarno E J Wolters
- b 2 Maastricht University, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Toxicogenomics , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone G van Breda
- b 2 Maastricht University, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Toxicogenomics , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C Kleinjans
- b 2 Maastricht University, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Toxicogenomics , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- b 2 Maastricht University, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Toxicogenomics , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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