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Panda SS, Tran QL, Rajpurohit P, Pillai GG, Thomas SJ, Bridges AE, Capito JE, Thangaraju M, Lokeshwar BL. Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies of Curcumin Hybrid Conjugates as Potential Therapeutics for Breast Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040451. [PMID: 35455448 PMCID: PMC9028889 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) has received great attention over the past two decades due to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Similarly, Dichloroacetate (DCA), an pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PKD1) inhibitor, has gained huge attention as a potential anticancer drug. However, the clinical utility of these two agents is very limited because of the poor bioavailability and unsolicited side effects, respectively. We have synthesized fusion conjugates of CUR and DCA with an amino acids linker to overcome these limitations by utilizing the molecular hybridization approach. The molecular docking studies showed the potential targets of Curcumin-Modified Conjugates (CMCs) in breast cancer cells. We synthesized six hybrid conjugates named CMC1-6. These six CMC conjugates do not show any significant toxicity in a human normal immortalized mammary epithelial cell line (MCF10A) in vitro and C57BL/6 mice in vivo. However, treatment with CMC1 and CMC2 significantly reduced the growth and clonogenic survival by colony-formation assays in several human breast cancer cells (BC). Treatment by oral gavage of a transgenic mouse BC and metastatic BC tumor-bearing mice with CMC2 significantly reduced tumor growth and metastasis. Overall, our study provides strong evidence that CUR and DCA conjugates have a significant anticancer properties at a sub-micromolar concentration and overcome the clinical limitation of using CUR and DCA as potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Q.L.T.); (S.J.T.); (J.E.C.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Queen L. Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Q.L.T.); (S.J.T.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.R.); (A.E.B.); (B.L.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Sean J. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Q.L.T.); (S.J.T.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Allison E. Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.R.); (A.E.B.); (B.L.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jason E. Capito
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Q.L.T.); (S.J.T.); (J.E.C.)
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.R.); (A.E.B.); (B.L.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Bal L. Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.R.); (A.E.B.); (B.L.L.)
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Panda SS, Girgis AS, Thomas SJ, Capito JE, George RF, Salman A, El-Manawaty MA, Samir A. Synthesis, pharmacological profile and 2D-QSAR studies of curcumin-amino acid conjugates as potential drug candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 196:112293. [PMID: 32311607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of curcumin bis-conjugates 3a-q, 5a-k and 6a-k were synthesized in good yields utilizing an optimized reaction condition. We explored the effect of different amino acids and protecting groups on biological activities of curcumin. The conjugates were screened for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. Some of the conjugates showed promising biological observations with a potency comparable with the standard references. The variations in biological properties concerning different amino acids and protecting groups are interesting observations. Effects of the synthesized conjugates on splenocytes and the production of nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages are correlated with the observed anti-inflammatory properties. We have also established the safety profile of the most active conjugates. Robust 2D-QSAR studies supported and validated biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sean J Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jason E Capito
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Riham F George
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Salman
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - May A El-Manawaty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samir
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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