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McNicholas K, François M, Liu JW, Doecke JD, Hecker J, Faunt J, Maddison J, Johns S, Pukala TL, Rush RA, Leifert WR. Salivary inflammatory biomarkers are predictive of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a feasibility study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1019296. [PMID: 36438010 PMCID: PMC9685799 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1019296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious disease. Its distinctive pathology forms over a considerable length of time without symptoms. There is a need to detect this disease, before even subtle changes occur in cognition. Hallmark AD biomarkers, tau and amyloid-β, have shown promising results in CSF and blood. However, detecting early changes in these biomarkers and others will involve screening a wide group of healthy, asymptomatic individuals. Saliva is a feasible alternative. Sample collection is economical, non-invasive and saliva is an abundant source of proteins including tau and amyloid-β. This work sought to extend an earlier promising untargeted mass spectrometry study in saliva from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD with age- and gender-matched cognitively normal from the South Australian Neurodegenerative Disease cohort. Five proteins, with key roles in inflammation, were chosen from this study and measured by ELISA from individuals with AD (n = 16), MCI (n = 15) and cognitively normal (n = 29). The concentrations of Cystatin-C, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, Stratifin, Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and Haptoglobin proteins had altered abundance in saliva from AD and MCI, consistent with the earlier study. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that combinations of these proteins demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing both MCI (area under curve = 0.97) and AD (area under curve = 0.97) from cognitively normal. These results provide evidence for saliva being a valuable source of biomarkers for early detection of cognitive impairment in individuals on the AD continuum and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym McNicholas
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Human Health Program, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maxime François
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Human Health Program, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain Research and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeff Faunt
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Maddison
- Aged Care Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, Modbury, SA, Australia
| | - Sally Johns
- Aged Care Rehabilitation and Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, Modbury, SA, Australia
| | - Tara L. Pukala
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Wayne R. Leifert
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Human Health Program, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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François M, Karpe AV, Liu JW, Beale DJ, Hor M, Hecker J, Faunt J, Maddison J, Johns S, Doecke JD, Rose S, Leifert WR. Multi-Omics, an Integrated Approach to Identify Novel Blood Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:949. [PMID: 36295851 PMCID: PMC9610280 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolomic and proteomic basis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood, and the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and AD/MCI pathogenesis is unclear. This study compared the metabolomic and proteomic signature of plasma from cognitively normal (CN) and dementia patients diagnosed with MCI or AD, to identify specific cellular pathways and new biomarkers altered with the progression of the disease. We analysed 80 plasma samples from individuals with MCI or AD, as well as age- and gender-matched CN individuals, by utilising mass spectrometry methods and data analyses that included combined pathway analysis and model predictions. Several proteins clearly identified AD from the MCI and CN groups and included plasma actins, mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1, serum amyloid A2, fibronectin and extracellular matrix protein 1 and Keratin 9. The integrated pathway analysis showed various metabolic pathways were affected in AD, such as the arginine, alanine, aspartate, glutamate and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Therefore, our multi-omics approach identified novel plasma biomarkers for the MCI and AD groups, identified changes in metabolic processes, and may form the basis of a biomarker panel for stratifying dementia participants in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime François
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Human Health Program, Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Avinash V. Karpe
- CSIRO Land & Water, Metabolomics Unit, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Land & Water, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Precinct, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - David J. Beale
- CSIRO Land & Water, Metabolomics Unit, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Maryam Hor
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Human Health Program, Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jeff Faunt
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - John Maddison
- Aged Care Rehabilitation & Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, Modbury, SA 5092, Australia
| | - Sally Johns
- Aged Care Rehabilitation & Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, Modbury, SA 5092, Australia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Level 7, Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service—STARS, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Level 7, Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service—STARS, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Wayne R. Leifert
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Human Health Program, Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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François M, Karpe A, Liu JW, Beale D, Hor M, Hecker J, Faunt J, Maddison J, Johns S, Doecke J, Rose S, Leifert WR. Salivaomics as a Potential Tool for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease During the Early Stages of Neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1301-1313. [PMID: 34151801 PMCID: PMC8461673 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolomic and proteomic basis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is poorly understood and the relationships between systemic abnormalities in metabolism and AD/AMCI pathogenesis are unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to compare the metabolomic and proteomic signature of saliva from cognitively normal and patients diagnosed with MCI or AD, to identify specific cellular pathways altered with the progression of the disease. METHODS We analyzed 80 saliva samples from individuals with MCI or AD as well as age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Saliva proteomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted utilizing mass spectrometry methods and data combined using pathway analysis. RESULTS We found significant alterations in multiple cellular pathways, demonstrating that at the omics level, disease progression impacts numerous cellular processes. Multivariate statistics using SIMCA showed that partial least squares-data analysis could be used to provide separation of the three groups. CONCLUSION This study found significant changes in metabolites and proteins from multiple cellular pathways in saliva. These changes were associated with AD, demonstrating that this approach might prove useful to identify new biomarkers based upon integration of multi-omics parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime François
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Nutrition and Health Program, Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Avinash Karpe
- CSIRO Land & Water, Metabolomics Unit, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Land & Water, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Precinct, Acton, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David Beale
- CSIRO Land & Water, Metabolomics Unit, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Maryam Hor
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Nutrition and Health Program, Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeff Faunt
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Maddison
- Aged Care Rehabilitation & Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally Johns
- Aged Care Rehabilitation & Palliative Care, SA Health, Modbury Hospital, South Australia, Australia
| | - James Doecke
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre Level 5, University of Queensland Health Sciences Building, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre Level 5, University of Queensland Health Sciences Building, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne R. Leifert
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Nutrition and Health Program, Molecular Diagnostic Solutions Group, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Nguyen MT, Woodman RJ, Hakendorf P, Thompson CH, Faunt J. Can the simple clinical score usefully predict the mortality risk and length of stay for a recently admitted patient? AUST HEALTH REV 2015; 39:522-527. [PMID: 25817909 DOI: 10.1071/ah14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine whether an aggregate simple clinical score (SCS) has a role in predicting the imminent mortality and in-hospital length of stay (LOS) of newly admitted, acutely unwell General Medical in-patients. METHODS Data were collected prospectively from adult patients admitted through an Acute Medical Unit between February and August 2013. Using logistic regression analysis before and after adjustment for age, the SCS was assessed for its association with LOS and mortality, including 30-day mortality, just for those patients for full resuscitation. Changes in sensitivity and specificity after adding SCS to age as a predictor, as well as the change in the net reclassification index, were determined using the predicted probabilities from the logistic regression models. RESULTS The SCS was superior to age in predicting mortality of any patient within 30 days. It did not assist in predicting 30-day mortality for those patients who were for full resuscitation. The ability of the SCS to predict long stay (> 72h) remained relatively low (64%) and was inferior to published rates achieved by bedside clinician assessment (74%-82%). CONCLUSION There was no useful prospective role for the SCS in predicting LOS and mortality of in-patients newly admitted to a General Medicine service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh T Nguyen
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Email
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia. Email
| | - Paul Hakendorf
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia. Email
| | - Campbell H Thompson
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Email
| | - Jeff Faunt
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia. Email
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Nguyen MT, Conway J, Russell PT, Thompson CH, Faunt J. Judging performance in general medicine. Intern Med J 2014; 44:523-4. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Nguyen
- Discipline of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - J. Conway
- Department of General Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - P. T. Russell
- School of Medicine; Flinders University; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - C. H. Thompson
- Discipline of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - J. Faunt
- Department of General Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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