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Taraballi F, Corradetti B, Minardi S, Powel S, Cabrera F, Van Eps JL, Weiner BK, Tasciotti E. Biomimetic collagenous scaffold to tune inflammation by targeting macrophages. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731415624667. [PMID: 26977285 PMCID: PMC4765811 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415624667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response following implantation of a biomaterial is one of the major regulatory aspects of the overall regenerative process. The progress of inflammation determines whether functional tissue is restored or if nonfunctional fibrotic tissue is formed. This delicate balance is directed by the activity of different cells. Among these, macrophages and their different phenotypes, the inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2, are considered key players in the process. Recent approaches exploit macrophage’s regenerative potential in tissue engineering. Here, we propose a collagen scaffold functionalized with chondroitin sulfate (CSCL), a glycosaminoglycan known to be able to tune inflammation. We studied CSCL effects on bone-marrow-derived macrophages in physiological, and lipopolysaccharides-inflamed, conditions in vitro. Our data demonstrate that CSCL is able to modulate macrophage phenotype by inhibiting the LPS/CD44/NF-kB cascade. As a consequence, an upregulation of anti-inflammatory markers (TGF-β, Arg, MRC1, and IL-10) was found concomitantly with a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory markers (iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12β). We then implanted CSCL subcutaneously in a rat model to test whether the same molecular mechanism could be maintained in an in vivo environment. In vivo data confirmed the in vitro studies. A significant reduction in the number of infiltrating cells around and within the implants was observed at 72 h, with a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes expression. The present work provides indications regarding the immunomodulatory potential of molecules used for the development of biomimetic materials and suggests their use to direct macrophage immune modulation for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Taraballi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Minardi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian Powel
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fernando Cabrera
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeff L Van Eps
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley K Weiner
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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