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Palemon-Alberto F, Reyes-Garcia G, Ortega-Acosta SA, Toledo Hernandez E, Romero-Ramirez Y, Toribio-Jimenez J, Terrones-Salgado J, Gonzaga-Segura AJ, Cruz-Lagunas B, Evaristo-Ruiz JL. First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG-I Causing Root and Basal Stem Rot on Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa) in Mexico. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38268178 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-23-1830-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a crop of economic importance, refreshing drinks are prepared from its calyces, it is also attributed to antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihypertensive properties (Da-Costa-Rocha et al. 2014). In November 2022, in municipality of Iguala (18.355592N, 99.548546W, 749 m above sea level), Guerrero, México, roselle plants of approximately 1.5 months of age with basal rot were detected under greenhouse conditions. The symptoms consisted of wilting, yellowing, and root and stem rot with constriction in the base of the stem. The symptoms were detected in approximately 15% of plants at the operation. From symptomatic tissue, cuts were made into approximately 0.5 cm pieces, sterilized with 2% NaClO, washed with sterile distilled water, transferred to PDA medium amended with 50 mg/liter of Chloramphenicol, and incubated in the dark for four days at 28 °C. Rhizoctonia-like colonies were consistently obtained, and nine isolates were selected and purified by the hyphal-tip method. After four days, isolates developed a mycelium was light-white that became brown with age. Right-angled hyphal branching was also observed, in addition to a slight constriction at the base of the branches. In some older cultures, numerous dark brown sclerotia were observed. They were multinucleate cell with three to eight nuclei and measured from 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Together these characteristics were consistent with the description of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (Parmeter 1970). The anastomosis group (AG) was confirmed by amplifying the ITS region with the primers ITS1 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990) of the RIJAM3 and RIJAM5 strains. The sequences were deposited in GenBank (Nos. OR364496 and OR364497 for RIJAM3 and RIJAM5, respectively). BLAST analysis, both isolates indicated 99.7 identity to R. solani AG-4 HG-I (GenBank: KM013470) strain ICMP 20043 (Ireland et al. 2015). The phylogenetic analysis of AGs sequences allowed assignment of isolates RIJAM3 and RIJAM5 to the AG-4 HG-1 clade. A pathogenicity test was performed on 20 one-month-old roselle plants. Mycelium of RIJAM3 isolate was inserted into the base of the stem with a sterile toothpick. As a control, a sterile toothpick with no mycelium was inserted in ten healthy plants. Additionally, 50 eight-day-old seedlings were inoculated by placing a 5-mm diameter agar plug colonized with mycelium of RIJAM3 at the base of the stem 10 mm below the soil surface. As control treatments, uncolonized PDA plugs were deposited at the base of 25 seedlings. The inoculated plants were incubated in a greenhouse with an average temperature and relative humidity of 28°C and 85%, respectively. Following inoculation, symptoms similar to those observed in the original outbreak were observed in plants after six days and only after four days in seedlings. In both experiments, the control plants and seedlings remained asymptomatic. R. solani was re-isolated from plants and seedlings, complying with Koch's postulates. The pathogenicity testing was repeated twice, with concordant results. In Nigeria and Malaysia R. solani was reported to seedling death to cause seedling dieback in roselle (Adeniji 1970; Eslaminejad and Zakaria 2011). In México R. solani AG-4 has been previously reported in crops of potato, chili and tomato (Montero-Tavera et al. 2013; Ortega-Acosta et al. 2022; Virgen-Calleros et al. 2000). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani AG-4 HG-I as a causing of root and basal stem rot on roselle in Mexico. This research provides information essential for informing the management of this disease, and may help design measures to prevent the spread of the pathogen to other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Palemon-Alberto
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales de la Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Agronomía, Periferico Poniente s/n. Colonia Villa de Guadalupe. C.P. 40020, Iguala de la Independencia, Guerrero, Mexico, 40020
- United States;
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Agronomia, Iguala, Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Santo Angel Ortega-Acosta
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales de la Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero, Agronomia, Periferico Poniente s/n, Col. Villa de Guadalupe, RFC: UAG630904NU6, RAZÓN SOCIAL: UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE GUERRERO. DIRECCIÓN: AV. JAVIER MÉNDEZ APONTE No. 1 FRACC. SERVIDOR AGRARIO C.P. 39070 CHILPANCINGO DEL LOS BRAVO, GUERRERO, Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico, 40020;
| | - Erubiel Toledo Hernandez
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 27768, LABORATORIO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AMBIENTAL, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Yanet Romero-Ramirez
- UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE GUERRERO, LABORATORIO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AMBIENTAL, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n. Ciudad Universitaria, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, 39070;
| | - Jeiry Toribio-Jimenez
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero., Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Periferico Poniente s/n, Col. Villa de Guadalupe, Iguala, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico, 39070
- United States;
| | - José Terrones-Salgado
- Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla, 27861, Agronomía y Agricultura Protegida, 11 poniente 2316, Col. Barrio de Santiago, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico, 72410;
| | - A Jesús Gonzaga-Segura
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química de Insectos, Departamento de Interacciones Planta-Insecto, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Yautepec, Jojutla, Km. 6 Calle Ceprobi No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, C.P. 62731, Morelos, México, arretera Yautepec, Jojutla, Yautepec, Mexico, 62130;
| | - Blas Cruz-Lagunas
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, C.P. 40020, Guerrero, México, Iguala, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Evaristo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, C.P. 40020, Guerrero, México, Iguala, Mexico;
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Adame-Gomez R, Gisela Rodrigez-Romero M, Hilario-Alejandro I, Alheli Pineda-Rodriguez S, Toribio-Jimenez J, Rodriguez-Bataz E, Ramirez-Peralta A. Trichophyton species isolated from asymptomatic patients of the pet-owner pair in Mexico. Curr Med Mycol 2022; 7:29-33. [PMID: 35028482 PMCID: PMC8740854 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Superficial mycoses are the fourth most common cause of disease worldwide. It is not surprising that zoonotic transmission occurs to humans due to close contact with different animals,
be it companion or farm animals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the presence of asymptomatic dermatophyte carriers in the owner-pet pairs, identify the most common
etiologic agents, and find the likely connection between the carrier status of an owner and the presence of dermatophytes in their pets. Materials and Methods: From May 2019 to January 2020, 21 cats and 115 dogs with their respective owners were selected for dermatophyte culture. All the dogs and cats included in the study were from the
communities of southeastern Mexico. The samples were taken with a cotton swab, which was vigorously rubbed and twisted on the scalp or body of the pet four times and grown on Mycosel Agar.
The isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The prevalence of the binomial ranged from 0.73% in pet skin and human hands to 2.2% in human scalp.
In humans, the agents were Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton verrucosum, while in pets, a strain of Trichophyton sp was found. Conclusion: Different species of dermatophytes were found in the owner/pet pairs, which denotes that coexistence is not related in asymptomatic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Adame-Gomez
- Microbial Pathometabolism Research Laboratory, The Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | | | - Isabel Hilario-Alejandro
- Microbial Pathometabolism Research Laboratory, The Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | | | - Jeiry Toribio-Jimenez
- Molecular Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, The Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Elvia Rodriguez-Bataz
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, The Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
| | - Arturo Ramirez-Peralta
- Microbial Pathometabolism Research Laboratory, The Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México
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Adame-Gómez R, Toribio-Jimenez J, Castro-Alarcón N, Talavera-Alarcón K, Flores-Gavilan J, Pineda-Rodríguez SA, Ramírez Peralta A. Diversidad genética y factores de virulencia de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus aisladas de la piel de ubre bovina. REV MEX CIENC PECU 2021. [DOI: 10.22319/rmcp.v12i3.5646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno reconocido como causa de mastitis en bovinos a nivel mundial, por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus en la piel de pezón de la ubre bovina y relacionarlo a la presencia de mastitis, así como determinar los factores de virulencia y la diversidad genética de las cepas. En tres establos se tomaron muestras de 250 vacas de ordeña en dos temporadas del año, estiaje y lluvias. Además, se realizó la prueba de California. Staphylococcus aureus fue aislado en agar sal y manitol e identificado bioquímicamente y confirmado con la amplificación del gen femA. Para la identificación de los factores de virulencia se usaron los genes hlB, mec, saK, pvL, tsst-1, seA, seB, seC, seD y seE por PCR en punto final. Para la tipificación de S. aureus, se realizó la amplificación y restricción del gen coag. La frecuencia de S. aureus fue 13.4 %. No se encontró una relación estadística entre la presencia de S. aureus en la piel de la ubre bovina y el desarrollo de mastitis subclínica. El gen de la enterotoxina más frecuente en las cepas fue el de la enterotoxina A. Aunque el porcentaje de tipificación es bajo, se lograron identificar dos restrictotipos que agrupan cepas aisladas de diferentes vacas, lo cual evidencia la capacidad infectocontagiosa del microorganismo.
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