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Perlow HK, Matsui JK, Ewing A, Cadieux C, Dibs K, Upadhyay R, Blakaj DM, Beyer SJ, Thomas EM, Grecula JC, Raval RR, Palmer JD. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Craniospinal Irradiation Utilizing a Vertebral Body Sparing Approach: An Alternative Approach to Improve Access and Minimize Toxicity. Adv Radiat Oncol 2024; 9:101424. [PMID: 38379893 PMCID: PMC10877680 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is indicated for adult patients diagnosed with leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Proton-based vertebral body sparing (VBS) CSI has been explored with pediatric patients to minimize hematologic toxicity; however, utilization of VBS in an adult population is limited. A recent phase II trial has shown efficacy of proton-based CSI to treat non-small cell lung and breast cancer with LMD. We hypothesize that VBS CSI using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) could also effectively reduce dose to vertebral bodies and surrounding organs at risk, minimizing toxicity for adult patients with LMD and comparing favorably to proton-based CSI. Methods and Materials Consecutive patients with LMD received VMAT VBS CSI, 30 Gy in 10 fractions, as a part of a prospective registry. Full VMAT arcs for the brain fields matched to 2 spine isocenters for the upper and lower spine were created using limited posterior arcs. To further decrease the vertebral body dose, an avoid entry and exit contour was created. Acute toxicity data were collected using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5. Results Ten adult patients were treated in this cohort. One patient experienced grade 2 neutropenia with the remaining 9 experiencing grade 1 hematologic toxicity. Three patients experienced grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicity with the remaining 7 experiencing grade 1 nausea. No patient experienced grade 3+ toxicities in this cohort. One patient experienced a 5-day delay in systemic therapy initiation due to neutropenia; otherwise, all patients planned for systemic therapy started without delay. Conclusions In this study, VMAT VBS CSI led to acceptable toxicity compared with patients treated with proton CSI on a phase 2 clinical trial. Given its promising early results, future prospective evaluation of the technique is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley K. Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Ashlee Ewing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Catherine Cadieux
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Khaled Dibs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rituraj Upadhyay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dukagjin M. Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sasha J. Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Evan M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John C. Grecula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Raju R. Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joshua D. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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Prabhu RS, Akinyelu T, Vaslow ZK, Matsui JK, Haghighi N, Dan T, Mishra MV, Murphy ES, Boyles S, Perlow HK, Palmer JD, Udovicich C, Patel TR, Wardak Z, Woodworth GF, Ksendzovsky A, Yang K, Chao ST, Asher AL, Burri SH. Single-Fraction Versus Fractionated Preoperative Radiosurgery for Resected Brain Metastases: A PROPS-BM International Multicenter Cohort Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:650-661. [PMID: 37717787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a feasible alternative to postoperative SRS for resected brain metastases (BM). Most reported studies of preoperative SRS used single-fraction SRS (SF-SRS). The goal of this study was to compare outcomes and toxicity of preoperative SF-SRS with multifraction (3-5 fractions) SRS (MF-SRS) in a large international multicenter cohort (Preoperative Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases-PROPS-BM). METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients with BM from solid cancers, of which at least 1 lesion was treated with preoperative SRS followed by planned resection, were included from 8 institutions. SRS to synchronous intact BM was allowed. Exclusion criteria included prior or planned whole brain radiation therapy. Intracranial outcomes were estimated using cumulative incidence with competing risk of death. Propensity score matched (PSM) analyses were performed. RESULTS The study cohort included 404 patients with 416 resected index lesions, of which SF-SRS and MF-SRS were used for 317 (78.5%) and 87 patients (21.5%), respectively. Median dose was 15 Gy in 1 fraction for SF-SRS and 24 Gy in 3 fractions for MF-SRS. Univariable analysis demonstrated that SF-SRS was associated with higher cavity local recurrence (LR) compared with MF-SRS (2-year: 16.3% vs 2.9%; P = .004), which was also demonstrated in multivariable analysis. PSM yielded 81 matched pairs (n = 162). PSM analysis also demonstrated significantly higher rate of cavity LR with SF-SRS (2-year: 19.8% vs 3.3%; P = .003). There was no difference in adverse radiation effect, meningeal disease, or overall survival between cohorts in either analysis. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative MF-SRS was associated with significantly reduced risk of cavity LR in both the unmatched and PSM analyses. There was no difference in adverse radiation effect, meningeal disease, or overall survival based on fractionation. MF-SRS may be a preferred option for neoadjuvant radiation therapy of resected BMs. Additional confirmatory studies are needed. A phase 3 randomized trial of single-fraction preoperative versus postoperative SRS (NRG-BN012) is ongoing (NCT05438212).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan S Prabhu
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina; Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina.
| | - Tobi Akinyelu
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Zachary K Vaslow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer K Matsui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Neda Haghighi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne Victoria, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Icon Cancer Centre, Epworth Centre, Richmond Victoria, Australia
| | - Tu Dan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark V Mishra
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin S Murphy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susan Boyles
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Haley K Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cristian Udovicich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Toral R Patel
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zabi Wardak
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander Ksendzovsky
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samuel T Chao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anthony L Asher
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina; Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Stuart H Burri
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina; Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina
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3
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Matsui JK, Allen PK, Perlow HK, Johnson JM, Paulino AC, McAleer MF, Fouladi M, Grosshans DR, Ghia AJ, Li J, Zaky W, Chintagumpala M, Palmer JD, McGovern SL. Prognostic Factors for Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients with Non-DIPG Grade 4 Gliomas: A Contemporary Pooled Institutional Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e532. [PMID: 37785650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) WHO grade 4 gliomas are rare tumors in the pediatric and AYA (adolescent and young adult) population. In this study, we evaluate prognostic factors, toxicities, and outcomes in the pediatric versus AYA population. MATERIALS/METHODS This retrospective pooled institutional study included patients < 30 years old with grade 4 gliomas. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were characterized using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients (n = 20 < 15y, n = 77 ≥ 15y) were identified with a median age 23.9y at diagnosis. Most had biopsy-proven glioblastoma (91%) and the remainder had diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-altered (9%). All patients received surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Median PFS and OS were 20.9 months and 79.4 months, respectively. Gross total resection was associated with better PFS in multivariate analysis [HR 2.00 (1.01-3.62), p = 0.023]. Age ≥15y was also associated with improved OS [HR 0.36 (0.16-0.81), p = 0.014] while female gender [HR 2.12 (1.08-4.16), p = 0.03] and K27M altered histology [HR 2.79 (1.11-7.02), p = 0.029] were associated with worse OS. Only 7% of patients experienced grade 2 toxicity during radiation. Sixty-two percent of patients experienced tumor progression, 28% local and 34% distant. Analysis of salvage treatment found reirradiation was not associated with improved OS, but second surgery and systemic therapy significantly improved survival from the time of tumor progression. CONCLUSION Age is a significant prognostic factor in WHO grade 4 glioma, which may reflect age-related molecular alterations in the tumor. Diffuse midline glioma was associated with worse OS compared to hemispheric glioblastoma; this may be related to lack of effective targeted therapies. Surgery and systemic therapy were effective salvage options that significantly improved outcome. Better understanding of prognostic factors may guide future treatment within this understudied patient population, and prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Matsui
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - P K Allen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H K Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J M Johnson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A C Paulino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M F McAleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Fouladi
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - D R Grosshans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A J Ghia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - J Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - W Zaky
- Division of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - J D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - S L McGovern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Perlow HK, Matsui JK, Ewing A, Cadieux C, Blakaj DM, Beyer S, Thomas EM, Grecula JC, Raval R, Palmer JD. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Craniospinal Irradiation Utilizing a Vertebral Body Sparing Approach: A Toxicity Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S174. [PMID: 37784434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is indicated for adult patients diagnosed with leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Proton-based vertebral-body-sparing (VBS) CSI has been explored with pediatric patients to minimize hematologic toxicity; however, utilization of VBS in an adult population is limited. A recent phase II trial (Yang et al, JCO 2022) has shown efficacy of proton-based CSI to treat non-small cell lung and breast cancer with LMD. We hypothesize that VBS-CSI utilizing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) could also effectively reduce dose to vertebral bodies and surrounding organs-at-risk (OARs), minimizing toxicity for adult patients with LMD and comparing favorably to proton-based CSI. MATERIALS/METHODS Consecutive patients with leptomeningeal disease received VMAT VBS-CSI, 30 Gy in 10 fractions, as a part of a prospective registry. Full VMAT arcs for the brain fields matched to two spine isocenters for the upper and lower spine were created utilizing limited posterior arcs. The PTV was created with margins of 3mm uniformly around the brain contour and 7mm around the spinal canal. To further decrease the vertebral body dose, an avoid entry and exit contour was created. This structure was a margin on the PTV anteriorly designed to carve dose out of the vertebral bodies while still maintaining coverage to the PTV. Acute toxicity data were collected using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5 and was defined as toxicity occurring within 30 days of treatment conclusion. RESULTS Ten adult patients were treated in this cohort. All patients completed radiation treatment. One patient experienced Grade 2 neutropenia with the remaining nine experiencing Grade 1 hematologic toxicity (three Grade 1 pancytopenia, six Grade 1 thrombocytopenia). Three patients experienced Grade 2 gastrointestinal toxicity (Grade 2 nausea, Grade 2 esophagitis, Grade 2 esophagitis/Grade 2 diverticulitis) with the remaining seven experiencing Grade 1 nausea. No patient experienced Grade 3+ toxicities in this cohort. One patient experienced a 5-day delay in systemic therapy initiation due to neutropenia; otherwise, all patients planned for systemic therapy started without delay. CONCLUSION VMAT VBS-CSI is an effective technique to reduce dose to surrounding OARs and vertebral bodies. In this study, VMAT VBS-CSI led to acceptable toxicity compared to patients treated with proton CSI on a phase 2 clinical trial. An NRG phase 3 clinical trial may be developed to evaluate the efficacy of proton-based CSI for patients with LMD. However, these data show how VMAT VBS-CSI may be an acceptable alternative for centers without proton therapy capabilities. Given its promising early results, future prospective evaluation of the technique is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J K Matsui
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - A Ewing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - C Cadieux
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - D M Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - S Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - E M Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J C Grecula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - R Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - J D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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5
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Prabhu RS, Akinyelu T, Vaslow ZK, Matsui JK, Haghighi N, Dan T, Mishra MV, Murphy ES, Boyles S, Perlow HK, Palmer JD, Udovicich C, Patel TR, Wardak Z, Woodworth GF, Ksendzovsky A, Yang K, Chao ST, Asher AL, Burri SH. Risk Factors for Progression and Toxic Effects After Preoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients With Resected Brain Metastases. JAMA Oncol 2023; 9:1066-1073. [PMID: 37289451 PMCID: PMC10251241 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance Preoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been demonstrated as a feasible alternative to postoperative SRS for resectable brain metastases (BMs) with potential benefits in adverse radiation effects (AREs) and meningeal disease (MD). However, mature large-cohort multicenter data are lacking. Objective To evaluate preoperative SRS outcomes and prognostic factors from a large international multicenter cohort (Preoperative Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases-PROPS-BM). Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter cohort study included patients with BMs from solid cancers, of which at least 1 lesion received preoperative SRS and a planned resection, from 8 institutions. Radiosurgery to synchronous intact BMs was allowed. Exclusion criteria included prior or planned whole-brain radiotherapy and no cranial imaging follow-up. Patients were treated between 2005 and 2021, with most treated between 2017 and 2021. Exposures Preoperative SRS to a median dose to 15 Gy in 1 fraction or 24 Gy in 3 fractions delivered at a median (IQR) of 2 (1-4) days before resection. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end points were cavity local recurrence (LR), MD, ARE, overall survival (OS), and multivariable analysis of prognostic factors associated with these outcomes. Results The study cohort included 404 patients (214 women [53%]; median [IQR] age, 60.6 [54.0-69.6] years) with 416 resected index lesions. The 2-year cavity LR rate was 13.7%. Systemic disease status, extent of resection, SRS fractionation, type of surgery (piecemeal vs en bloc), and primary tumor type were associated with cavity LR risk. The 2-year MD rate was 5.8%, with extent of resection, primary tumor type, and posterior fossa location being associated with MD risk. The 2-year any-grade ARE rate was 7.4%, with target margin expansion greater than 1 mm and melanoma primary being associated with ARE risk. Median OS was 17.2 months (95% CI, 14.1-21.3 months), with systemic disease status, extent of resection, and primary tumor type being the strongest prognostic factors associated with OS. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, the rates of cavity LR, ARE, and MD after preoperative SRS were found to be notably low. Several tumor and treatment factors were identified that are associated with risk of cavity LR, ARE, MD, and OS after treatment with preoperative SRS. A phase 3 randomized clinical trial of preoperative vs postoperative SRS (NRG BN012) has began enrolling (NCT05438212).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan S. Prabhu
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
- Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Tobi Akinyelu
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Neda Haghighi
- Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Icon Cancer Centre, Epworth Centre, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tu Dan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | | | - Erin S. Murphy
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Susan Boyles
- Cone Health Cancer Center, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | - Zabi Wardak
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | | | | | - Kailin Yang
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samuel T. Chao
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Anthony L. Asher
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
- Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Stuart H. Burri
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
- Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, North Carolina
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6
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Matsui JK, Allen PK, Perlow HK, Johnson JM, Paulino AC, McAleer MF, Fouladi M, Grosshans DR, Ghia AJ, Li J, Zaky WT, Chintagumpala MM, Palmer JD, McGovern SL. Prognostic factors for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with non-DIPG grade 4 gliomas: a contemporary pooled institutional experience. J Neurooncol 2023; 163:717-726. [PMID: 37440097 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE WHO grade 4 gliomas are rare in the pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) population. We evaluated prognostic factors and outcomes in the pediatric versus AYA population. METHODS This retrospective pooled study included patients less than 30 years old (yo) with grade 4 gliomas treated with modern surgery and radiotherapy. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were characterized using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients met criteria with median age 23.9 yo at diagnosis. Seventy-seven patients were ≥ 15 yo (79%) and 20 patients were < 15 yo (21%). Most had biopsy-proven glioblastoma (91%); the remainder had H3 K27M-altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG; 9%). All patients received surgery and radiotherapy. Median PFS and OS were 20.9 months and 79.4 months, respectively. Gross total resection (GTR) was associated with better PFS in multivariate analysis [HR 2.00 (1.01-3.62), p = 0.023]. Age ≥ 15 yo was associated with improved OS [HR 0.36 (0.16-0.81), p = 0.014] while female gender [HR 2.12 (1.08-4.16), p = 0.03] and DMG histology [HR 2.79 (1.11-7.02), p = 0.029] were associated with worse OS. Only 7% of patients experienced grade 2 toxicity. 62% of patients experienced tumor progression (28% local, 34% distant). Analysis of salvage treatment found that second surgery and systemic therapy significantly improved survival. CONCLUSION Age is a significant prognostic factor in WHO grade 4 glioma, which may reflect age-related molecular alterations in the tumor. DMG was associated with worse OS than glioblastoma. Reoperation and systemic therapy significantly increased survival after disease progression. Prospective studies in this population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela K Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Haley K Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Jason M Johnson
- Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arnold C Paulino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary Frances McAleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - David R Grosshans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amol J Ghia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wafik T Zaky
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA
| | - Susan L McGovern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 1152, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Matsui JK, Perlow HK, Upadhyay R, McCalla A, Raval RR, Thomas EM, Blakaj DM, Beyer SJ, Palmer JD. Advances in Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2023; 32:569-586. [PMID: 37182993 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone treatment of brain metastases. With new treatment advances, patients with brain metastases are living longer, and finding solutions for mitigating treatment-related neurotoxicity and improving quality of life is important. Historically, whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) was widely used but treatment options such as hippocampal sparing WBRT and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have emerged as promising alternatives. Herein, we discuss the recent advances in radiotherapy for brain metastases including the sparing of critical structures that may improve long-term neurocognitive outcomes (eg, hippocampus, fornix) that may improve long-term neurocognitive outcome, evidence supporting preoperative and fractionated-SRS, and treatment strategies for managing radiation necrosis.
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8
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Perlow HK, Ho C, Matsui JK, Prasad RN, Klamer BG, Wang J, Damante M, Upadhyay R, Thomas E, Blakaj DM, Beyer S, Lonser R, Hardesty D, Raval RR, Prabhu R, Elder JB, Palmer JD. Comparing Pre-Operative Versus Post-Operative Single and Multi-Fraction Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Patients with Resectable Brain Metastases. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 38:117-122. [PMID: 36420099 PMCID: PMC9676204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-operative radiation therapy for brain metastases may reduce meningeal disease. Pre-operative radiation therapy for brain metastases may reduce radionecrosis. Fractionated radiation therapy for brain metastases may reduce local failure. Fractionated pre-operative radiation therapy requires prospective validation.
Background The standard treatment for patients with large brain metastases and limited intracranial disease is surgical resection and post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). However, post-operative SRS still has elevated rates of local failure (LF) and is complicated by radiation necrosis (RN), and meningeal disease (MD). Pre-operative SRS may reduce the risk of RN and MD, while fractionated therapy may improve local control through delivering a higher biological effective dose. We hypothesize that pre-operative fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT) will have less toxicity compared to patients who receive post-operative SRS or FSRT. Methods A multi-institutional analysis was conducted and included patients who had surgical resection and stereotactic radiation therapy to treat at least one brain metastasis. Pertinent demographic, clinical, radiation, surgical, and follow up data were collected for each patient. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint defined as patients with one of the following adverse events: 1) LF, 2) MD, and/or 3) Grade 2 or higher (symptomatic) RN. Results 279 patients were eligible for analysis. The median follow-up time was 9 months. 87 % of patients received fractionated treatment. 29 % of patients received pre-operative treatment. The composite endpoint incidences for post-operative SRS (n = 10), post-operative FSRT (n = 189), pre-operative SRS (n = 27), and pre-operative FSRT (n = 53) were 0 %, 17 %, 15 %, and 7.5 %, respectively. Conclusions In our study, the composite endpoint of 7.5% for pre-operative FSRT compares favorably to our post-operative FSRT rate of 17%. Pre-operative FSRT was observed to have low rates of LF, MD, and RN. Prospective validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley K. Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cindy Ho
- Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Rahul N. Prasad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brett G. Klamer
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Damante
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rituraj Upadhyay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evan Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dukagjin M. Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sasha Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Russell Lonser
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Douglas Hardesty
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raju R. Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Roshan Prabhu
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Southeast Radiation Oncology Group, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - James B. Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua D. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Corresponding author at: 460 W. 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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9
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Matsui JK, Perlow HK, Facer BD, McCalla A, Marrazzo L, Detti B, Scorsetti M, Clerici E, Scoccianti S, Navarria P, Trifiletti DM, Gondi V, Bovi J, Huang J, Brown PD, Palmer JD. Radiotherapy for elderly patients with glioblastoma: an assessment of hypofractionation and modern treatment techniques. Chin Clin Oncol 2022; 11:38. [PMID: 36336897 DOI: 10.21037/cco-22-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a disease with a poor prognosis. For decades, radiotherapy has played a critical role in the management of GBM. The standard of care radiation prescription is 60 Gy in 30 fractions, but landmark trials have historically excluded patients older than 70 years. Currently, there is considerable variation in the management of elderly patients with GBM. Shortened radiation treatment (hypofractionated) regimens have been explored since conventional treatment schedules are lengthy and many elderly patients have functional, cognitive, and social limitations. Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of hypofractionated radiotherapy (40 Gy in 15 fractions) to treat elderly or frail patients with GBM. Although previous studies have suggested these unique hypofractionation prescriptions effectively treat these patients, there are many avenues for improvement in this patient population. Herein, we describe the unique tumor biology of glioblastoma, key hypofractionated radiotherapy studies, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) studies for elderly patients with GBM. Hypofractionated radiation has emerged as a shortened alternative and retrospective studies have suggested survival outcomes are similar for elderly patients with GBM. Prospective studies comparing hypofractionation with conventional treatment regiments are warranted. In addition to evaluating survival outcomes, HRQOL endpoints should be incorporated into future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley K Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjin D Facer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aliah McCalla
- Central Michigan University, College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Livia Marrazzo
- Department of Medical Physics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Scorsetti
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Clerici
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Scoccianti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierina Navarria
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vinai Gondi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center and Proton Center, Warrenville, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Bovi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul D Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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10
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Matsui JK, Perlow HK, Raj RK, Nalin AP, Lehrer EJ, Kotecha R, Trifiletti DM, McClelland S, Kendra K, Williams N, Owen DH, Presley CJ, Thomas EM, Beyer SJ, Blakaj DM, Ahluwalia MS, Raval RR, Palmer JD. Treatment of Brain Metastases: The Synergy of Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2211. [PMID: 36140312 PMCID: PMC9496359 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are a devastating sequela of common primary cancers (e.g., lung, breast, and skin) and have limited effective therapeutic options. Previously, systemic chemotherapy failed to demonstrate significant benefit in patients with brain metastases, but in recent decades, targeted therapies and more recently immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have yielded promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, there is significant interest in harnessing the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy (RT) to synergize with ICIs. Herein, we discuss studies evaluating the impact of RT dose and fractionation on the immune response, early studies supporting the synergistic interaction between RT and ICIs, and ongoing clinical trials assessing the benefit of combination therapy in patients with brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley K. Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rohit K. Raj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ansel P. Nalin
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eric J. Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rupesh Kotecha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | | | - Shearwood McClelland
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Neurological Surgery, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kari Kendra
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dwight H. Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carolyn J. Presley
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Evan M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sasha J. Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dukagjin M. Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | - Raju R. Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua D. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Matsui JK, Perlow HK, Ritter AR, Upadhyay R, Raval RR, Thomas EM, Beyer SJ, Pillainayagam C, Goranovich J, Ong S, Giglio P, Palmer JD. Small Molecules and Immunotherapy Agents for Enhancing Radiotherapy in Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071763. [PMID: 35885067 PMCID: PMC9313399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor that is associated with a poor prognosis and quality of life. The standard of care has changed minimally over the past two decades and currently consists of surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT), concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide, and tumor treating fields (TTF). Factors such as tumor hypoxia and the presence of glioma stem cells contribute to the radioresistant nature of GBM. In this review, we discuss the current treatment modalities, mechanisms of radioresistance, and studies that have evaluated promising radiosensitizers. Specifically, we highlight small molecules and immunotherapy agents that have been studied in conjunction with RT in clinical trials. Recent preclinical studies involving GBM radiosensitizers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Matsui
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Haley K. Perlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.K.P.); (A.R.R.); (R.U.); (R.R.R.); (E.M.T.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Alex R. Ritter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.K.P.); (A.R.R.); (R.U.); (R.R.R.); (E.M.T.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Rituraj Upadhyay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.K.P.); (A.R.R.); (R.U.); (R.R.R.); (E.M.T.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Raju R. Raval
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.K.P.); (A.R.R.); (R.U.); (R.R.R.); (E.M.T.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Evan M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.K.P.); (A.R.R.); (R.U.); (R.R.R.); (E.M.T.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Sasha J. Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.K.P.); (A.R.R.); (R.U.); (R.R.R.); (E.M.T.); (S.J.B.)
| | - Clement Pillainayagam
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Justin Goranovich
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Shirley Ong
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Pierre Giglio
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (C.P.); (J.G.); (S.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Joshua D. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (H.K.P.); (A.R.R.); (R.U.); (R.R.R.); (E.M.T.); (S.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Luo Y, Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Matsui JK, Rotella ME, Dykstra R, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Oxa- and Azabenzonorbornadienes as Electrophilic Partners under Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019; 9:8835-8842. [PMID: 34055458 PMCID: PMC8158860 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the introduction of oxa- and azabenzonorbornadienes into photoredox/nickel dual catalysis in a regioselective and diastereoselective transformation is disclosed. The inherent advantages of this dual catalytic system allow the use of alkyl motifs forming exclusively cis-1,2-dihydro-1-naphthyl alcohol backbones using readily accessible 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs). Whereas previous studies have emphasized the use of nucleophilic organometallic coupling partners, this protocol grants access to a rather unexplored core featuring alkyl residues, while avoiding the use of highly reactive organometallic species (i.e., M = Al, Mg, Li, Zn, Zr). DFT calculations support a oxidative addition/reductive elimination mechanism, followed by a Curtin-Hammett scenario that controls the regioselectivity of the process, unlike previously reported transformations that proceed via a carbometalation/ β-oxygen elimination mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Luo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 (USA)
- Wuyuzhang Honors College, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064 (China)
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 (USA)
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 (USA)
| | - Madeline E. Rotella
- 0107 Chemistry Building, The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. University of Maryland. 8051 Regents Drive College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- 0107 Chemistry Building, The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. University of Maryland. 8051 Regents Drive College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- 0107 Chemistry Building, The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. University of Maryland. 8051 Regents Drive College Park, MD 20742 (USA)
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 (USA)
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13
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Wang ZJ, Zheng S, Romero E, Matsui JK, Molander GA. Regioselective Single-Electron Tsuji-Trost Reaction of Allylic Alcohols: A Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalytic Approach. Org Lett 2019; 21:6543-6547. [PMID: 31390217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A radical-mediated functionalization of allyl alcohol derived partners with a variety of alkyl 1,4-dihydropyridines via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is described. This transformation transpires with high linear and E-selectivity, avoiding the requirement of harsh conditions (e.g., strong base, elevated temperature). Additionally, using aryl sulfinate salts as radical precursors, allyl sulfones can also be obtained. Kinetic isotope effect experiments implicated oxidative addition of the nickel catalyst to the allylic electrophile as the turnover-limiting step, supporting previous computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 41000 , China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Eugénie Romero
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
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14
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Abstract
Photoredox-mediated radical/polar crossover (RPC) processes offer new avenues for the synthesis of cyclic molecules. This process has been realized for the construction of medium-sized saturated nitrogen heterocycles. Photocatalytically generated alkyl radicals possessing pendant leaving groups engage imines in C-C bond formation, and subsequent reduction of the intermediate nitrogen-centered radical triggers anionic ring closure. With the aid of visible light irradiation, substituted pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes can be prepared under mild, redox-neutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loiïc R. E. Pantaine
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - John A. Milligan
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - Christopher B. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006 Richmond, VA 23284-9069, United States
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8 737 N. 5 Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1441
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
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15
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Wang ZJ, Zheng S, Matsui JK, Lu Z, Molander GA. Desulfonative photoredox alkylation of N-heteroaryl sulfones - an acid-free approach for substituted heteroarene synthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4389-4393. [PMID: 31057765 PMCID: PMC6482881 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox-mediated alkylation of heteroaryl sulfones under redox-neutral, acid-free conditions to create drug-like molecules.
Minisci-type alkylation of electron-deficient heteroarenes has been a pivotal technique for medicinal chemists in the synthesis of drug-like molecules. However, such transformations usually require harsh conditions (e.g., strong acids, stoichiometric amount of oxidants, elevated temperatures, etc.). Herein, by utilizing photoredox catalysis, a highly-selective alkylation method using heteroaryl sulfones has been developed that can be carried out under acid-free and redox-neutral conditions. Because of these mild conditions, challenging yet privileged structures, such as monosaccharides and unprotected secondary amines, can be installed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jun Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA . .,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 41000 , China
| | - Shuai Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
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16
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Matsui JK, Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Rotella M, Alam R, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Photoredox/Nickel-Catalyzed Single-Electron Tsuji-Trost Reaction: Development and Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15847-15851. [PMID: 30307672 PMCID: PMC6526374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective, nickel-catalyzed photoredox allylation of secondary, benzyl, and α-alkoxy radical precursors is disclosed. Through this manifold, a variety of linear allylic alcohols and allylated monosaccharides are accessible in high yields under mild reaction conditions. Quantum mechanical calculations [DFT and DLPNO-CCSD(T)] support the mechanistic hypothesis of a Ni0 to NiII oxidative addition pathway followed by radical addition and inner-sphere allylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Madeline Rotella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Rauful Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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17
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Matsui JK, Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Rotella M, Alam R, Gutierrez O, Molander GA. Photoredox/Nickel-Catalyzed Single-Electron Tsuji-Trost Reaction: Development and Mechanistic Insights. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Matsui
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories; Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories; Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Madeline Rotella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Rauful Alam
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories; Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories; Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
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18
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Badir SO, Dumoulin A, Matsui JK, Molander GA. Synthesis of Reversed C-Acyl Glycosides through Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6610-6613. [PMID: 29575475 PMCID: PMC6526375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of C-glycosides in drug design has become a routine practice for medicinal chemists. These naturally occurring building blocks exhibit attractive pharmaceutical profiles, and have become an important target of synthetic efforts in recent decades. Described herein is a practical, scalable, and versatile route for the synthesis of non-anomeric and unexploited C-acyl glycosides through a Ni/photoredox dual catalytic system. By utilizing an organic photocatalyst, a range of glycosyl-based radicals are generated and efficiently coupled with highly functionalized carboxylic acids at room temperature. Distinctive features of this transformation include its mild conditions, impressive compatibility with a wide array of functional groups, and most significantly, preservation of the anomeric carbon: a handle for further, late-stage derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O. Badir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 (USA)
| | - Audrey Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 (USA)
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 (USA)
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323 (USA)
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O. Badir
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Audrey Dumoulin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
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Dumoulin A, Matsui JK, Gutiérrez‐Bonet Á, Molander GA. Synthesis of Non‐Classical Arylated C‐Saccharides through Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dumoulin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez‐Bonet
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of PennsylvaniaRoy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Philadelphia PA 19104-6323 USA
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Dumoulin A, Matsui JK, Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Molander GA. Synthesis of Non-Classical Arylated C-Saccharides through Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6614-6618. [PMID: 29573308 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic tools to introduce saccharide derivatives into functionally complex molecules is of great interest, particularly in the field of drug discovery. Herein, we report a new route toward highly functionalized, arylated saccharides, which involves nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of photoredox-generated saccharyl radicals with a range of aryl- and heteroaryl bromides, triggered by an organic photocatalyst. In contrast to existing methods, the mild reaction conditions achieve arylation of saccharide motifs while leaving the anomeric carbon available, thus providing access to a class of arylated glycosides that has been underexplored until now. To demonstrate the potential of this strategy in late-stage functionalization, a variety of structurally complex molecules incorporating saccharide moieties were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dumoulin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Jennifer K Matsui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Remeur C, Matsui JK, Molander GA. Late-Stage C-H Alkylation of Heterocycles and 1,4-Quinones via Oxidative Homolysis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12251-12258. [PMID: 28832137 PMCID: PMC5599171 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Under oxidative conditions, 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) undergo a homolytic cleavage, forming exclusively a Csp3-centered radical that can engage in the C-H alkylation of heterocyclic bases and 1,4-quinones. DHPs are readily prepared from aldehydes, and considering that aldehydes normally require harsh reaction conditions to take part in such transformations, with mixtures of alkylated and acylated products often being obtained, this net decarbonylative alkylation approach becomes particularly useful. The present method takes place under mild reaction conditions and requires only persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant, making the procedure suitable for the late-stage C-H alkylation of complex molecules. Notably, structurally complex pharmaceutical agents could be functionalized or prepared with this protocol, such as the antimalarial Atovaquone and antitheilerial Parvaquone, thus evidencing its applicability. Mechanistic studies revealed a likely radical chain process via the formation of a dearomatized intermediate, providing a deeper understanding of the factors governing the reactivity of these radical forebears.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Matsui JK, Primer DN, Molander GA. Metal-free C-H alkylation of heteroarenes with alkyltrifluoroborates: a general protocol for 1°, 2° and 3° alkylation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3512-3522. [PMID: 28507725 PMCID: PMC5418733 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00283a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed C-H functionalization of heteroarenes using a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyltrifluoroborates is reported. Using Fukuzumi's organophotocatalyst and a mild oxidant, conditions amenable for functionalizing complex heteroaromatics are described, providing a valuable tool for late-stage derivatization. The reported method addresses the three major limitations of previously reported photoredox-mediated Minisci reactions: (1) use of superstoichiometric amounts of a radical precursor, (2) capricious regioselectivity, and (3) incorporation of expensive photocatalysts. Additionally, a number of unprecedented, complex alkyl radicals are used, thereby increasing the chemical space accessible to Minisci chemistry. To showcase the application in late-stage functionalization, quinine and camptothecin analogues were synthesized. Finally, NMR studies were conducted to provide a rationalization for the heteroaryl activation that permits the use of a single equivalent of radical precursor and also leads to enhanced regioselectivity. Thus, by 1H and 13C NMR a distinct heteroaryl species was observed in the presence of acid catalyst and BF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - David N Primer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , USA .
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Matsui JK, Lang SB, Heitz DR, Molander GA. Photoredox-Mediated Routes to Radicals: The Value of Catalytic Radical Generation in Synthetic Methods Development. ACS Catal 2017; 7:2563-2575. [PMID: 28413692 PMCID: PMC5388068 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has experienced a revitalized interest from the synthesis community during the past decade. For example, photoredox/Ni dual catalysis protocols have been developed to overcome several inherent limitations of palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings by invoking a single-electron transmetalation pathway. This Perspective highlights advances made by our laboratory since the inception of the photoredox/Ni cross-coupling of benzyltrifluoroborates with aryl bromides. In addition to broadening the scope of trifluoroborate coupling partners, research using readily oxidized hypervalent silicates as radical precursors that demonstrate functional group compatibility is highlighted. The pursuit of electrophilic coupling partners beyond (hetero)aryl bromides has also led to the incorporation of several new classes of C(sp2)-hybridized substrates into light-mediated cross-coupling. Advances to expand the radical toolbox by utilizing feedstock chemicals (e.g., aldehydes) to access radicals that were previously inaccessible from trifluoroborates and silicates are also emphasized. Additionally, several organic photocatalysts have been investigated as replacements for their expensive iridium- and ruthenium-based counterparts. Lastly, the net C-H functionalization of the radical partner in an effort to improve atom economy is presented. An underlying theme in all of these studies is the value of generating radicals in a catalytic manner, rather than stoichiometrically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Simon B. Lang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Drew R. Heitz
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Abstract
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Heteroarylation
via C–H functionalization has been synthetically
challenging, but such transformations represent an atom-economical
and highly convergent route toward complex molecules. Reported herein
is a photoredox-catalyzed coupling between 2-trifluoroborato-4-chromanones
and various heteroarenes through a Minisci pathway. Mesitylacridinium
perchlorate, an organic photocatalyst, proved to be a better photocatalyst
than transition-metal counterparts for such transformations. To highlight
the utility of this approach, a library of unprecedented heteroaryl-substituted
chromanones was generated that was composed of numerous, specifically
substituted molecules containing a broad range of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Abstract
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Utilizing
photoredox/nickel dual catalysis, diverse flavanones
have been synthesized by coupling novel 2-trifluoroboratochromanone
building blocks with aryl and heteroaryl bromide partners. The newly
reported trifluoroboratochromanones can be easily accessed
from the corresponding chromones on multigram scale. This represents
a general route for accessing natural and unnatural flavanones that
were previously formed through a synthetically more restrictive ring
closure route from chalcone precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Gutiérrez-Bonet Á, Tellis JC, Matsui JK, Vara BA, Molander GA. 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Alkyl Radical Precursors: Introducing the Aldehyde Feedstock to Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. ACS Catal 2016; 6:8004-8008. [PMID: 27990318 PMCID: PMC5152669 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A Ni/photoredox dual catalytic cross-coupling
is disclosed in which
a diverse range of (hetero)aryl bromides are used as electrophiles,
with 1,4-dihydropyridines serving as precursors to Csp3-centered alkyl radical coupling partners. The reported method
is characterized by its extremely mild reaction conditions, enabling
access to underexplored cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez-Bonet
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - John C. Tellis
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Matsui
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Brandon A. Vara
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Abstract
We describe a new synthesis of the 3-chloro-(4'-methoxy)-2,2'-pyrrolylfuran segment (3) of (+)- roseophilin. The route exploits a isoxazoylpyrrole intermediate, wherein the isoxazole ring serves as a β-diketone equivalent and a directing group for palladium catalyzed chlorination of the attached pyrrole. Subsequent reduction of the N-O bond and acid promoted cyclization afords roseophilin segment 3b in five steps and 19% overall yield. This strategy was extended to the synthesis of 3-chloro-(4'-alkoxy)-2,2'-pyrrolylfurans (16a-c) and 4-alkoxy-2,2'-bipyrroles (20a-c), which are building blocks to synthesize bioactive prodiginine natural products and their congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Frederich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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