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Madueña-Angulo SE, Beltran-Ontiveros SA, Leal-Leon E, Contreras-Gutierrez JA, Lizarraga-Verdugo E, Gutierrez-Arzapalo PY, Lizarraga-Velarde S, Romo-Garcia E, Montero-Vela J, Moreno-Ortiz JM, Garcia-Magallanes N, Cuen-Diaz HM, Magaña-Gomez J, Velazquez DZ, Hernandez-Carreño PE, Jimenez-Trejo F, Reyes M, Muñiz FP, Diaz D. National sex- and age-specific burden of blindness and vision impairment by cause in Mexico in 2019: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 24:100552. [PMID: 37457139 PMCID: PMC10339251 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Reliable national estimations for blindness and vision impairment are fundamental to assessing their burden and developing public health policies. However, no comprehensive analysis is available for Mexico. Therefore, in this observational study we describe the national burden of blindness and vision loss by cause and severity during 2019. Methods Using public data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019, we present national prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) counts and crude and age-standardized rates (per 100,000 people) of total, severity- and cause-specific blindness and vision impairment with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) by sex and age group. Findings In Mexico, the burden of blindness and vision impairment was estimated at 11.01 million (95% UI, 9.25-13.11) prevalent cases and 384.96 thousand (259.57-544.24) YLDs during 2019. Uncorrected presbyopia caused the highest burden (6.06 million cases, 4.36-8.08), whereas severe vision loss and blindness affected 619.40 thousand (539.40-717.73) and 513.84 thousand (450.59-570.98) people, respectively. Near vision loss and refraction disorders caused 78.7% of the cases, whereas neonatal disorders and age-related macular degeneration were among the least frequent. Refraction disorders were the main cause of moderate and severe vision loss (61.44 and 35.43%), and cataracts were the second most frequent cause of blindness (26.73%). Females suffered an overall higher burden of blindness and vision impairment (54.99% and 52.85% of the total cases and YLDs), and people >50 years of age suffered the highest burden, with people between 70 and 74 years being the most affected. Interpretation Vision loss represents a public health problem in Mexico, with women and older people being the most affected. Although the causes of vision loss contribute differentially to the severity of visual impairment, most of the impairment is avoidable. Consequently, a concerted effort at different levels is needed to alleviate this burden. Funding This study received no funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E. Madueña-Angulo
- Especialidad en Oftalmología, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Saul A. Beltran-Ontiveros
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Emir Leal-Leon
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, 80010, Mexico
| | - Jose A. Contreras-Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erik Lizarraga-Verdugo
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Perla Y. Gutierrez-Arzapalo
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Silvia Lizarraga-Velarde
- Especialidad en Oftalmología, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Efrain Romo-Garcia
- Especialidad en Oftalmología, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesus Montero-Vela
- Especialidad en Oftalmología, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jose M. Moreno-Ortiz
- Instituto de Genética Humana “Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera”, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Noemi Garcia-Magallanes
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biología Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Hector M. Cuen-Diaz
- Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, 80030, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Javier Magaña-Gomez
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Molecular, Escuela de Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Diana Z. Velazquez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pavel E. Hernandez-Carreño
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Jimenez-Trejo
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Tisular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, 04530, Mexico
| | - Mariana Reyes
- Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Frida P. Muñiz
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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