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Tullett KM, Tan PS, Park HY, Schittenhelm RB, Michael N, Li R, Policheni AN, Gruber E, Huang C, Fulcher AJ, Danne JC, Czabotar PE, Wakim LM, Mintern JD, Ramm G, Radford KJ, Caminschi I, O'Keeffe M, Villadangos JA, Wright MD, Blewitt ME, Heath WR, Shortman K, Purcell AW, Nicola NA, Zhang JG, Lahoud MH. RNF41 regulates the damage recognition receptor Clec9A and antigen cross-presentation in mouse dendritic cells. eLife 2020; 9:63452. [PMID: 33264090 PMCID: PMC7710356 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell receptor Clec9A facilitates processing of dead cell-derived antigens for cross-presentation and the induction of effective CD8+ T cell immune responses. Here, we show that this process is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF41 and define a new ubiquitin-mediated mechanism for regulation of Clec9A, reflecting the unique properties of Clec9A as a receptor specialized for delivery of antigens for cross-presentation. We reveal RNF41 is a negative regulator of Clec9A and the cross-presentation of dead cell-derived antigens by mouse dendritic cells. Intriguingly, RNF41 regulates the downstream fate of Clec9A by directly binding and ubiquitinating the extracellular domains of Clec9A. At steady-state, RNF41 ubiquitination of Clec9A facilitates interactions with ER-associated proteins and degradation machinery to control Clec9A levels. However, Clec9A interactions are altered following dead cell uptake to favor antigen presentation. These findings provide important insights into antigen cross-presentation and have implications for development of approaches to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsteen M Tullett
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peck Szee Tan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hae-Young Park
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nicole Michael
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rong Li
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonia N Policheni
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Emily Gruber
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Alex J Fulcher
- Monash Micro Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jillian C Danne
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Justine D Mintern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Keeffe
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark D Wright
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ken Shortman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Lopez JA, Jenkins MR, Rudd-Schmidt JA, Brennan AJ, Danne JC, Mannering SI, Trapani JA, Voskoboinik I. Rapid and unidirectional perforin pore delivery at the cytotoxic immune synapse. J Immunol 2013; 191:2328-34. [PMID: 23885110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effective engagement of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs) with their target cells is essential for the removal of virus-infected and malignant cells from the body. The spatiotemporal properties that define CL engagement and killing of target cells remain largely uncharacterized due to a lack of biological reporters. We have used a novel live cell microscopy technique to visualize the engagement of primary human and mouse CL with their targets and the subsequent delivery of the lethal hit. Extensive quantitative real-time analysis of individual effector-target cell conjugates demonstrated that a single effector calcium flux event was sufficient for the degranulation of human CLs, resulting in the breach of the target cell membrane by perforin within 65-100 s. In contrast, mouse CLs demonstrated distinct calcium signaling profiles leading to degranulation: whereas mouse NKs required a single calcium flux event, CD8(+) T cells typically required several calcium flux events before perforin delivery. Irrespective of their signaling profile, every target cell that was damaged by perforin died by apoptosis. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that perforin pore delivery is unidirectional, occurring exclusively on the target cell membrane, but sparing the killer cell. Despite this, the CTL membrane was not intrinsically perforin resistant, as intact CTLs presented as targets to effector CTLs were capable of being killed by perforin-dependent mechanisms. Our results highlight the remarkable efficiency and specificity of perforin pore delivery by CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Lopez
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Teng CY, Dang Y, Danne JC, Waller RF, Green BR. Mitochondrial Genes of Dinoflagellates Are Transcribed by a Nuclear-Encoded Single-Subunit RNA Polymerase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65387. [PMID: 23840326 PMCID: PMC3686807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are a large group of algae that contribute significantly to marine productivity and are essential photosynthetic symbionts of corals. Although these algae have fully-functioning mitochondria and chloroplasts, both their organelle genomes have been highly reduced and the genes fragmented and rearranged, with many aberrant transcripts. However, nothing is known about their RNA polymerases. We cloned and sequenced the gene for the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial polymerase (RpoTm) of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra and showed that the protein presequence targeted a GFP construct into yeast mitochondria. The gene belongs to a small gene family, which includes a variety of 3′-truncated copies that may have originated by retroposition. The catalytic C-terminal domain of the protein shares nine conserved sequence blocks with other single-subunit polymerases and is predicted to have the same fold as the human enzyme. However, the N-terminal (promoter binding/transcription initiation) domain is not well-conserved. In conjunction with the degenerate nature of the mitochondrial genome, this suggests a requirement for novel accessory factors to ensure the accurate production of functional mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ying Teng
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Life Sciences Department, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yunkun Dang
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Jillian C. Danne
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross F. Waller
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beverley R. Green
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail:
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Danne JC, Gornik SG, Macrae JI, McConville MJ, Waller RF. Alveolate mitochondrial metabolic evolution: dinoflagellates force reassessment of the role of parasitism as a driver of change in apicomplexans. Mol Biol Evol 2012; 30:123-39. [PMID: 22923466 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is central to the supply of ATP and numerous essential metabolites in most eukaryotic cells. Across eukaryotic diversity, however, there is evidence of much adaptation of the function of this organelle according to specific metabolic requirements and/or demands imposed by different environmental niches. This includes substantial loss or retailoring of mitochondrial function in many parasitic groups that occupy potentially nutrient-rich environments in their metazoan hosts. Infrakingdom Alveolata comprises a well-supported alliance of three disparate eukaryotic phyla-dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates. These major taxa represent diverse lifestyles of free-living phototrophs, parasites, and predators and offer fertile territory for exploring character evolution in mitochondria. The mitochondria of apicomplexan parasites provide much evidence of loss or change of function from analysis of mitochondrial protein genes. Much less, however, is known of mitochondrial function in their closest relatives, the dinoflagellate algae. In this study, we have developed new models of mitochondrial metabolism in dinoflagellates based on gene predictions and stable isotope labeling experiments. These data show that many changes in mitochondrial gene content previously only known from apicomplexans are found in dinoflagellates also. For example, loss of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and changes in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme complement are shared by both groups and, therefore, represent ancestral character states. Significantly, we show that these changes do not result in loss of typical TCA cycle activity fueled by pyruvate. Thus, dinoflagellate data show that many changes in alveolate mitochondrial metabolism are independent of the major lifestyle changes seen in these lineages and provide a revised view of mitochondria character evolution during evolution of parasitism in apicomplexans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Danne
- School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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