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El Zarif T, Nassar AH, Pond GR, Zhuang TZ, Master V, Nazha B, Niglio S, Simon N, Hahn AW, Pettaway CA, Tu SM, Abdel-Wahab N, Velev M, Flippot R, Buti S, Maruzzo M, Mittra A, Gheeya J, Yang Y, Rodriguez PA, Castellano D, de Velasco G, Roviello G, Antonuzzo L, McKay RR, Vincenzi B, Cortellini A, Hui G, Drakaki A, Glover M, Khaki AR, El-Am E, Adra N, Mouhieddine TH, Patel V, Piedra A, Gernone A, Davis NB, Matthews H, Harrison MR, Kanesvaran R, Giudice GC, Barata P, Farolfi A, Lee JL, Milowsky MI, Stahlfeld C, Appleman L, Kim JW, Freeman D, Choueiri TK, Spiess PE, Necchi A, Apolo AB, Sonpavde GP. Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced penile cancer: report from the Global Society of Rare Genitourinary Tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1605-1615. [PMID: 37563779 PMCID: PMC11032703 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment options for penile squamous cell carcinoma are limited. We sought to investigate clinical outcomes and safety profiles of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with locally advanced or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors between 2015 and 2022 across 24 centers in the United States, Europe, and Asia. Overall survival and progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Objective response rates were determined per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1 criteria. Treatment-related adverse events were graded per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. Two-sided statistical tests were used for comparisons. RESULTS Among 92 patients, 8 (8.7%) were Asian, 6 (6.5%) were Black, and 24 (29%) were Hispanic and/or Latinx. Median (interquartile range) age was 62 (53-70) years. In all, 83 (90%) had metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma, and 74 (80%) had received at least second-line treatment. Most patients received pembrolizumab monotherapy (n = 26 [28%]), combination nivolumab-ipilimumab with or without multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (n = 23 [25%]), or nivolumab (n = 16 [17%]) or cemiplimab (n = 15 [16%]) monotherapies. Median overall and progression-free survival were 9.8 months (95% confidence interval = 7.7 to 12.8 months) and 3.2 months (95% confidence interval = 2.5 to 4.2 months), respectively. The objective response rate was 13% (n = 11/85) in the overall cohort and 35% (n = 7/20) in patients with lymph node-only metastases. Visceral metastases, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1 or higher, and a higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were associated with worse overall survival. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 27 (29%) patients, and 9.8% (n = 9) of the events were grade 3 or higher. CONCLUSIONS Immune checkpoint inhibitors are active in a subset of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. Future translational studies are warranted to identify patients more likely to derive clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal El Zarif
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amin H Nassar
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregory R Pond
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tony Zibo Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viraj Master
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bassel Nazha
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scot Niglio
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Simon
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew W Hahn
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Shi-Ming Tu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Noha Abdel-Wahab
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Assiut University Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maud Velev
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et Essais Précoces, Gustave Roussy—Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Ronan Flippot
- Medical Oncology Department, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sebastiano Buti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Maruzzo
- Oncology 1 Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV—Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padova, Italy
| | - Arjun Mittra
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Genitourinary Oncology Section, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuanquan Yang
- Genitourinary Oncology Section, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Daniel Castellano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo de Velasco
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rana R McKay
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Hui
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Glover
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ali Raza Khaki
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward El-Am
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nabil Adra
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vaibhav Patel
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aida Piedra
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nancy B Davis
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harrison Matthews
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Giulia Claire Giudice
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Barata
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alberto Farolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori “Dino Amadori,” Meldola, Italy
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Matthew I Milowsky
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Charlotte Stahlfeld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leonard Appleman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Kim
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dory Freeman
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea B Apolo
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guru P Sonpavde
- Division of Medical Oncology, Advent Health Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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2
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Jin Q, Gheeya J, Nepal S, Shi N, Folefac E, Webb MZ, Grainger EM, Wei L, Prosek JM, Focht BC, Gong M, Clinton SK, Tabung FK. Associations of dietary patterns with kidney cancer risk, kidney cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality among postmenopausal women. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1978-1987. [PMID: 37898720 PMCID: PMC10703863 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) are novel measures of dietary quality associated with insulin hypersecretion or chronic inflammation, respectively, whereas the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) measures adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). We evaluated associations of EDIH, EDIP and HEI-2015 on the risk of both kidney cancer development and mortality. METHODS We calculated the dietary scores from baseline food frequency questionnaires among 115,830 participants aged 50-79 years in the Women's Health Initiative. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for kidney cancer risk, kidney cancer-specific mortality and all-cause mortality, per 1-standard deviation increment in dietary pattern scores. RESULTS Higher EDIH was associated with greater risk of kidney cancer development [HR, 1.12; 95%CI, (1.01,1.23)], kidney cancer-specific death [1.22(0.99,1.48)], and all-cause mortality, [1.05(1.02,1.08)]. Higher HEI-2015 was associated with lower risk of kidney cancer development, [0.85(0.77, 0.94)], kidney cancer-specific death, [0.84(0.69,1.03)] and all-cause mortality, [0.97(0.95,1.00)]. However, EDIP was not significantly associated with outcomes. Associations did not differ by BMI categories. CONCLUSIONS Low-insulinemic dietary patterns and higher quality diets, are worthy of testing in dietary pattern intervention trials for kidney cancer prevention and improved survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Fellowship Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sushma Nepal
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ni Shi
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edmund Folefac
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Fellowship Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maxine Z Webb
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Grainger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jason M Prosek
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian C Focht
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Gong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Program in Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Rudolph S, Li M, Gheeya J, Zimmerman D, Yin M, Clinton SK, Parwani AV, Yang Y. Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia of the Liver Associated With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in a Patient With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200625. [PMID: 37053537 PMCID: PMC10530936 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Rudolph
- The College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mingjia Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Danielle Zimmerman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ming Yin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Steven K. Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Anil V. Parwani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Yuanquan Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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4
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Garmezy B, Gheeya J, Lin HY, Huang Y, Kim T, Jiang X, Thein KZ, Pilié PG, Zeineddine F, Wang W, Shaw KR, Rodon J, Shen JP, Yuan Y, Meric-Bernstam F, Chen K, Yap TA. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of POLE Mutations as Predictive Biomarkers of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Cancers. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100267. [PMID: 35108036 PMCID: PMC8820927 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA polymerase epsilon is critical to DNA proofreading and replication. Mutations in POLE have been associated with hypermutated tumors and antitumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. We present a clinicopathologic analysis of patients with advanced cancers harboring POLE mutations, the pattern of co-occurring mutations, and their response to ICI therapy within the context of mutation pathogenicity. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of next-generation sequencing data at MD Anderson Cancer Center to identify patient tumors with POLE mutations and their co-occurring mutations. The pathogenicity of each mutation was annotated using InterVar and ClinVar. Differences in therapeutic response to ICI, survival, and co-occurring mutations were reported by POLE pathogenicity status. RESULTS Four hundred fifty-eight patient tumors with POLE mutations were identified from 14,229 next-generation sequencing reports; 15.0% of POLE mutations were pathogenic, 15.9% benign, and 69.1% variant of unknown significance. Eighty-two patients received either programmed death 1 or programmed death ligand-1 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4 inhibitors. Patients with pathogenic POLE mutations had improved clinical benefit rate (82.4% v 30.0%; P = .013), median progression-free survival (15.1 v 2.2 months; P < .001), overall survival (29.5 v 6.8 months; P < .001), and longer treatment duration (median 15.5 v 2.5 months; P < .001) compared to those with benign variants. Progression-free survival and overall survival remained superior when adjusting for number of co-occurring mutations (≥ 10 v < 10) and/or microsatellite instability status (proficient mismatch repair v deficient mismatch repair). The number of comutations was not associated with response to ICI (clinical benefit v progressive disease: median 13 v 11 comutations; P = .18). CONCLUSION Pathogenic POLE mutations were associated with clinical benefit to ICI therapy. Further studies are warranted to validate POLE mutation as a predictive biomarker of ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Garmezy
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Heather Y. Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yuefan Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Taebeom Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xianli Jiang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kyaw Z. Thein
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patrick G. Pilié
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Fadl Zeineddine
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wanlin Wang
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kenna R. Shaw
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John Paul Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Timothy A. Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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5
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Khiabanian H, Hirshfield KM, Goldfinger M, Bird S, Stein M, Aisner J, Toppmeyer D, Wong S, Chan N, Dhar K, Gheeya J, Vig H, Hadigol M, Pavlick D, Ansari S, Ali S, Xia B, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Ganesan S. Inference of Germline Mutational Status and Evaluation of Loss of Heterozygosity in High-Depth, Tumor-Only Sequencing Data. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018:PO.17.00148. [PMID: 30246169 PMCID: PMC6148761 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Inherited germline defects are implicated in up to 10% of human tumors, with particularly well-known roles in breast and ovarian cancers that harbor BRCA1/2-mutated genes. There is also increasing evidence for the role of germline alterations in other malignancies such as colon and pancreatic cancers. Mutations in familial cancer genes can be detected by high throughput sequencing (HTS), when applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens. However, due to often lack of patient-matched control normal DNA and/or low tumor purity, there is limited ability to determine the genomic status of these alterations (germline versus somatic) and to assess the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). These analyses, especially when applied to genes such as BRCA1/2, can have significant clinical implications for patient care. METHODS LOHGIC (LOH-Germline Inference Calculator) is a statistical model selection method to determine somatic-versus-germline status and predict LOH for mutations identified via clinical grade, high-depth, hybrid-capture tumor-only sequencing. LOHGIC incorporates statistical uncertainties inherent to HTS as well as specimen biases in tumor purity estimates, which we use to assess BRCA1/2 mutations in 1,636 specimens sequenced at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey. RESULTS Evaluation of LOHGIC with available germline sequencing from BRCA1/2 testing, demonstrates 93% accuracy, 100% precision, and 96% recall. This analysis highlights a differential tumor spectrum associated with BRCA1/2 mutations. CONCLUSION LOHGIC can assess LOH status for both germline and somatic mutations. It also can be applied to any gene with candidate, inherited mutations. This approach demonstrates the clinical utility of targeted sequencing in both identifying patients with potential germline alterations in tumor suppressor genes as well as estimating LOH occurrence in cancer cells, which may confer therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khiabanian
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kim M. Hirshfield
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mendel Goldfinger
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Simon Bird
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mark Stein
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Joseph Aisner
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Deborah Toppmeyer
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Serena Wong
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nancy Chan
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kalyani Dhar
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hetal Vig
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mohammad Hadigol
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Dean Pavlick
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sepand Ansari
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Siraj Ali
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bing Xia
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Simon Bird, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Kalyani Dhar, Jinesh Gheeya, Hetal Vig, Mohammad Hadigol, Sepand Ansari, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University; Hossein Khiabanian, Kim M. Hirshfield, Mendel Goldfinger, Mark Stein, Joseph Aisner, Deborah Toppmeyer, Serena Wong, Nancy Chan, Bing Xia, Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Shridar Ganesan, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; and Dean Pavlick and Siraj Ali, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA
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6
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Ginjala V, Rodriguez-Colon L, Ganguly B, Gangidi P, Gallina P, Al-Hraishawi H, Kulkarni A, Tang J, Gheeya J, Simhadri S, Yao M, Xia B, Ganesan S. Protein-lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP1 promote responses to DNA damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16613. [PMID: 29192276 PMCID: PMC5709370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon induction of DNA breaks, ATM activation leads to a cascade of local chromatin modifications that promote efficient recruitment of DNA repair proteins. Errors in this DNA repair pathway lead to genomic instability and cancer predisposition. Here, we show that the protein lysine methyltransferase G9a (also known as EHMT2) and GLP1 (also known as EHMT1) are critical components of the DNA repair pathway. G9a and GLP1 rapidly localizes to DNA breaks, with GLP1 localization being dependent on G9a. ATM phosphorylation of G9a on serine 569 is required for its recruitment to DNA breaks. G9a catalytic activity is required for the early recruitment of DNA repair factors including 53BP and BRCA1 to DNA breaks. Inhibition of G9a catalytic activity disrupts DNA repair pathways and increases sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Thus, G9a is a potential therapeutic target in the DNA repair pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudeva Ginjala
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA.
| | - Lizahira Rodriguez-Colon
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Bratati Ganguly
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Prawallika Gangidi
- Cornell University, College of Engineering, Department of Biological Engineering, 111 Wing Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853-5701, USA
| | - Paul Gallina
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Husam Al-Hraishawi
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Atul Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Jeremy Tang
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Srilatha Simhadri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, 195 Little Albany street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA.
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7
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Bjørklund SS, Panda A, Kumar S, Seiler M, Robinson D, Gheeya J, Yao M, Alnæs GIG, Toppmeyer D, Riis M, Naume B, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen VN, Ganesan S, Bhanot G. Widespread alternative exon usage in clinically distinct subtypes of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5568. [PMID: 28717182 PMCID: PMC5514065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can have different patterns of exon usage of individual genes when compared to normal tissue, suggesting that alternative splicing may play a role in shaping the tumor phenotype. The discovery and identification of gene variants has increased dramatically with the introduction of RNA-sequencing technology, which enables whole transcriptome analysis of known, as well as novel isoforms. Here we report alternative splicing and transcriptional events among subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA) cohort. Alternative exon usage was widespread, and although common events were shared among three subtypes, ER+ HER2−, ER− HER2−, and HER2+, many events on the exon level were subtype specific. Additional RNA-seq analysis was carried out in an independent cohort of 43 ER+ HER2− and ER− HER2− primary breast tumors, confirming many of the exon events identified in the TCGA cohort. Alternative splicing and transcriptional events detected in five genes, MYO6, EPB41L1, TPD52, IQCG, and ACOX2 were validated by qRT-PCR in a third cohort of 40 ER+ HER2− and ER− HER2− patients, showing that these events were truly subtype specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Stordal Bjørklund
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anshuman Panda
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Michael Seiler
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Doug Robinson
- BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway
| | - Deborah Toppmeyer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Margit Riis
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - Gyan Bhanot
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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8
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Gheeya J, Johansson P, Chen QR, Dexheimer T, Metaferia B, Song YK, Wei JS, He J, Pommier Y, Khan J. Expression profiling identifies epoxy anthraquinone derivative as a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor. Cancer Lett 2010; 293:124-31. [PMID: 20133050 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To discover novel drugs for neuroblastoma treatment, we have previously screened a panel of drugs and identified 30 active agents against neuroblastoma cells. Here we performed microarray gene expression analysis to monitor the impact of these agents on a neuroblastoma cell line and used the connectivity map (cMAP) to explore putative mechanism of action of unknown drugs. We first compared the expression profiles of 10 compounds shared in both our dataset and cMAP database and observed the high connectivity scores for 7 of 10 matched drugs regardless of the differences of cell lines utilized. The screen of cMAP for uncharacterized drugs indicated the signature of Epoxy anthraquinone derivative (EAD) matched the profiles of multiple known DNA targeted agents (topoisomerase I/II inhibitors, DNA intercalators, and DNA alkylation agents) as predicted by its structure. Similar result was obtained by querying against our internal NB-cMAP (http://pob.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/cgi-bin/cMAP), a database containing the profiles of 30 active drugs. These results suggest that Epoxy anthraquinone derivative may inhibit neuroblastoma cells by targeting DNA replication inhibition. Experimental data also demonstrate that Epoxy anthraquinone derivative indeed induces DNA double-strand breaks through DNA alkylation and inhibition of topoisomerase activity. Our study indicates that Epoxy anthraquinone derivative may be a novel DNA topoisomerase inhibitor that can be potentially used for treatment of neuroblastoma or other cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinesh Gheeya
- Oncogenomics Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Advanced Technology Center, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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