1
|
Woutersen DTJ, Majolée J, den Hertog J. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Studies in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2743:93-110. [PMID: 38147210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3569-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish is an ideal model for functional analysis of genes at the molecular, protein, cell, organ, and organism levels. We have used zebrafish to analyze the function of members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily for more than two decades. The molecular genetic toolbox has significantly improved over the years. Currently, generating mutant lines that lack the function of a PTP gene is relatively straightforward by CRISPR/Cas9 technology-mediated generation of insertions or deletions in the target gene. In addition, generating point mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and homology-directed repair (HDR) is feasible, albeit the success rate could be higher. Here, we describe the methods, including the tips and tricks, that we have used to generate knock-out and knock-in zebrafish lines in PTP genes successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Podieh F, Wensveen R, Overboom M, Abbas L, Majolée J, Hordijk P. Differential role for rapid proteostasis in Rho GTPase-mediated control of quiescent endothelial integrity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104593. [PMID: 36894017 PMCID: PMC10124901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial monolayer permeability is regulated by actin dynamics and vesicular traffic. Recently, ubiquitination was also implicated in the integrity of quiescent endothelium, as it differentially controls the localization and stability of adhesion- and signaling proteins. However, the more general effect of fast protein turnover on endothelial integrity is not clear. Here, we found that inhibition of E1 ubiquitin ligases induces a rapid, reversible loss of integrity in quiescent, primary human endothelial monolayers, accompanied by increased F-actin stress fibers and the formation of intercellular gaps. Concomitantly, total protein and activity of the actin-regulating GTPase RhoB, but not its close homologue RhoA, increase ∼10-fold in 5-8 h. We determined that, the depletion of RhoB, but not of RhoA, the inhibition of actin contractility and the inhibition of protein synthesis all significantly rescue the loss of cell-cell contact induced by E1 ligase inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that in quiescent human endothelial cells, the continuous and fast turnover of short-lived proteins that negatively regulate cell-cell contact, is essential to preserve monolayer integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Podieh
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos Wensveen
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MaxC Overboom
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Abbas
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - PeterL Hordijk
- Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manz XD, Szulcek R, Pan X, Symersky P, Dickhoff C, Majolée J, Kremer V, Michielon E, Jordanova ES, Radonic T, Bijnsdorp IV, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Jimenez CR, Vonk Noordegraaf A, de Man FS, Boon RA, Voorberg J, Hordijk PL, Aman J, Bogaard HJ. Epigenetic Modification of the VWF Promotor Drives Platelet Aggregation on the Pulmonary Endothelium in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:806-818. [PMID: 35081007 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2075oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) mediates platelet adhesion during thrombosis. While chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is associated with increased plasma levels of VWF, the role of this protein in CTEPH has remained enigmatic. OBJECTIVE To identify the role of VWF in CTEPH. METHODS CTEPH-specific patient plasma and pulmonary endarterectomy material from CTEPH patients were used to study the relationship between inflammation, VWF expression and pulmonary thrombosis. Cell culture findings were validated in human tissue and proteomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of CTEPH. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS VWF is increased in plasma and in the pulmonary endothelium of CTEPH patients. In vitro, the increase in VWF gene expression and the higher release of VWF protein upon endothelial activation resulted in elevated platelet adhesion to CTEPH endothelium. Proteomic analysis revealed that Nuclear Factor κB 2 (NFκB2) was significantly increased in CTEPH. We demonstrate reduced histone tri-methylation and increased histone acetylation of the VWF promotor in CTEPH endothelium, facilitating binding of NFκB2 to the VWF promotor and driving VWF transcription. Genetic interference of NFκB2 normalized the high VWF RNA expression levels and reversed the pro-thrombotic phenotype observed in CTEPH-PAEC. CONCLUSION Epigenetic regulation of the VWF promotor contributes to the creation of a local environment that favors in situ thrombosis in the pulmonary arteries. It reveals a direct molecular link between inflammatory pathways and platelet adhesion in the pulmonary vascular wall, emphasizing a possible role of in situ thrombosis in the development or progression of CTEPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue D Manz
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, 14903, Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoke Pan
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Petr Symersky
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris Dickhoff
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Physiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Veerle Kremer
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Physiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Michielon
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Pathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irene V Bijnsdorp
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Medical Oncology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frances S de Man
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, 1209, Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Sanquin Research, 159217, Molecular Hematology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Jurjan Aman
- Amsterdam UMC - Locatie VUMC, 1209, Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1190, Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Majolée J, Podieh F, Hordijk PL, Kovačević I. The interplay of Rac1 activity, ubiquitination and GDI binding and its consequences for endothelial cell spreading. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254386. [PMID: 34252134 PMCID: PMC8274835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by the Rho GTPase Rac1 is key to the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell spreading and adhesion. It is widely accepted that the inactive form of Rac1 is bound by Rho GDI, which prevents Rac1 activation and Rac1-effector interactions. In addition, GDI-bound Rac1 is protected from proteasomal degradation, in line with data showing that Rac1 ubiquitination occurs exclusively when Rac1 is activated. We set out to investigate how Rac1 activity, GDI binding and ubiquitination are linked. We introduced single amino acid mutations in Rac1 which differentially altered Rac1 activity, and compared whether the level of Rac1 activity relates to Rac1 ubiquitination and GDI binding. Results show that Rac1 ubiquitination and the active Rac1 morphology is proportionally increased with Rac1 activity. Similarly, we introduced lysine-to-arginine mutations in constitutively active Rac1 to inhibit site-specific ubiquitination and analyze this effect on Rac1 signaling output and ubiquitination. These data show that the K16R mutation inhibits GTP binding, and consequently Rac1 activation, signaling and-ubiquitination, while the K147R mutation does not block Rac1 signaling, but does inhibits its ubiquitination. In both sets of mutants, no direct correlation was observed between GDI binding and Rac1 activity or -ubiquitination. Taken together, our data show that a strong, positive correlation exists between Rac1 activity and its level of ubiquitination, but also that GDI dissociation does not predispose Rac1 to ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisca Majolée
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Podieh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Kovačević
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bogunovic N, Meekel JP, Majolée J, Hekhuis M, Pyszkowski J, Jockenhövel S, Kruse M, Riesebos E, Micha D, Blankensteijn JD, Hordijk PL, Ghazanfari S, Yeung KK. Patient-Specific 3-Dimensional Model of Smooth Muscle Cell and Extracellular Matrix Dysfunction for the Study of Aortic Aneurysms. J Endovasc Ther 2021; 28:604-613. [PMID: 33902345 PMCID: PMC8276336 DOI: 10.1177/15266028211009272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are associated with overall high mortality in case of rupture. Since the pathophysiology is unclear, no adequate pharmacological therapy exists. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) dysfunction and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation have been proposed as underlying causes. We investigated SMC spatial organization and SMC-ECM interactions in our novel 3-dimensional (3D) vascular model. We validated our model for future use by comparing it to existing 2-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Our model can be used for translational studies of SMC and their role in AAA pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS SMC isolated from the medial layer of were the aortic wall of controls and AAA patients seeded on electrospun poly-lactide-co-glycolide scaffolds and cultured for 5 weeks, after which endothelial cells (EC) are added. Cell morphology, orientation, mechanical properties and ECM production were quantified for validation and comparison between controls and patients. RESULTS We show that cultured SMC proliferate into multiple layers after 5 weeks in culture and produce ECM proteins, mimicking their behavior in the medial aortic layer. EC attach to multilayered SMC, mimicking layer interactions. The novel SMC model exhibits viscoelastic properties comparable to biological vessels; cytoskeletal organization increases during the 5 weeks in culture; increased cytoskeletal alignment and decreased ECM production indicate different organization of AAA patients' cells compared with control. CONCLUSION We present a valuable preclinical model of AAA constructed with patient specific cells with applications in both translational research and therapeutic developments. We observed SMC spatial reorganization in a time course of 5 weeks in our robust, patient-specific model of SMC-EC organization and ECM production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Bogunovic
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorn P Meekel
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Hekhuis
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Jockenhövel
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Geleen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (Biotex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Kruse
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (Biotex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institut für Textiltechnik der RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elise Riesebos
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D Blankensteijn
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samaneh Ghazanfari
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Geleen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (Biotex), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kak K Yeung
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van der Wijk AE, Georgakopoulou T, Majolée J, van Bezu JSM, van der Stoel MM, van het Hof BJ, de Vries HE, Huveneers S, Hordijk PL, Bakker ENTP, van Bavel E. Microembolus clearance through angiophagy is an auxiliary mechanism preserving tissue perfusion in the rat brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:195. [PMID: 33203478 PMCID: PMC7671188 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering its intolerance to ischemia, it is of critical importance for the brain to efficiently process microvascular occlusions and maintain tissue perfusion. In addition to collateral microvascular flow and enzymatic degradation of emboli, the endothelium has the potential to engulf microparticles and thereby recanalize the vessel, through a process called angiophagy. Here, we set out to study the dynamics of angiophagy in relation to cytoskeletal remodeling in vitro and reperfusion in vivo. We show that polystyrene microspheres and fibrin clots are actively taken up by (brain) endothelial cells in vitro, and chart the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton during this process using live cell imaging. Whereas microspheres were taken up through the formation of a cup structure by the apical endothelial membrane, fibrin clots were completely engulfed by the cells, marked by dense F-actin accumulation surrounding the clot. Both microspheres and fibrin clots were retained in the endothelial cells. Notably, fibrin clots were not degraded intracellularly. Using an in vivo microembolization rat model, in which microparticles are injected into the common carotid artery, we found that microspheres are transported by the endothelium from the microvasculature into the brain parenchyma. Microembolization with microspheres caused temporal opening of the blood–brain barrier and vascular nonperfusion, followed by microsphere extravasation and restoration of vessel perfusion over time. Taken together, angiophagy is accompanied by active cytoskeletal remodeling of the endothelium, and is an effective mechanism to restore perfusion of the occluded microvasculature in vivo.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Endothelial cell-cell contacts are essential for vascular integrity and physiology, protecting tissues and organs from edema and uncontrolled invasion of inflammatory cells. The vascular endothelial barrier is dynamic, but its integrity is preserved through a tight control at different levels. Inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, such as histamine, reduce endothelial integrity and increase vascular leakage. This is due to elevated myosin-based contractility, in conjunction with phosphorylation of proteins at cell-cell contacts. Conversely, reducing contractility stabilizes or even increases endothelial junctional integrity. Rho GTPases are key regulators of such cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell-cell contacts. In addition to signaling-induced regulation, the expression of junctional proteins, such as occludin, claudins and vascular endothelial cadherin, also controls endothelial barrier function. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to protein phosphorylation, ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) is an important and dynamic post-translational modification that regulates Rho GTPases, junctional proteins and, consequently, endothelial barrier function. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation events in endothelial integrity and inflammation. The picture that emerges is one of increasing complexity, which is both fascinating and promising given the clinical relevance of vascular integrity in the control of inflammation, and of tissue and organ damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisca Majolée
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Kovačević
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dekker NAM, van Leeuwen ALI, van Strien WWJ, Majolée J, Szulcek R, Vonk ABA, Hordijk PL, Boer C, van den Brom CE. Microcirculatory perfusion disturbances following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are associated with in vitro endothelial hyperpermeability and increased angiopoietin-2 levels. Crit Care 2019; 23:117. [PMID: 30975180 PMCID: PMC6460737 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Endothelial hyperpermeability following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) contributes to microcirculatory perfusion disturbances and postoperative complications after cardiac surgery. We investigated the postoperative course of renal and pulmonary endothelial barrier function and the association with microcirculatory perfusion and angiopoietin-2 levels in patients after CPB. Methods Clinical data, sublingual microcirculatory data, and plasma samples were collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with CPB (n = 17) before and at several time points up to 72 h after CPB. Renal and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells were incubated with patient plasma, and in vitro endothelial barrier function was assessed using electric cell–substrate impedance sensing. Plasma levels of angiopoietin-1,-2, and soluble Tie2 were measured, and the association with in vitro endothelial barrier function and in vivo microcirculatory perfusion was determined. Results A plasma-induced reduction of renal and pulmonary endothelial barrier function was observed in all samples taken within the first three postoperative days (P < 0.001 for all time points vs. pre-CPB). Angiopoietin-2 and soluble Tie2 levels increased within 72 h after CPB (5.7 ± 4.4 vs. 1.7 ± 0.4 ng/ml, P < 0.0001; 16.3 ± 4.7 vs. 11.9 ± 1.9 ng/ml, P = 0.018, vs. pre-CPB), whereas angiopoietin-1 remained stable. Interestingly, reduced in vitro renal and pulmonary endothelial barrier moderately correlated with reduced in vivo microcirculatory perfusion after CPB (r = 0.47, P = 0.005; r = 0.79, P < 0.001). In addition, increased angiopoietin-2 levels moderately correlated with reduced in vitro renal and pulmonary endothelial barrier (r = − 0.46, P < 0.001; r = − 0.40, P = 0.005) and reduced in vivo microcirculatory perfusion (r = − 0.43, P = 0.01; r = − 0.41, P = 0.03). Conclusions CPB is associated with an impairment of in vitro endothelial barrier function that continues in the first postoperative days and correlates with reduced postoperative microcirculatory perfusion and increased circulating angiopoietin-2 levels. These results suggest that angiopoietin-2 is a biomarker for postoperative endothelial hyperpermeability, which may contribute to delayed recovery of microcirculatory perfusion after CPB. Trial registration NTR4212. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-019-2418-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A M Dekker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anoek L I van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem W J van Strien
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B A Vonk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Boer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charissa E van den Brom
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Anesthesiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, Experimental Laboratory for Vital Signs, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pronk MCA, Majolée J, Loregger A, van Bezu JSM, Zelcer N, Hordijk PL, Kovačević I. FBXW7 regulates endothelial barrier function by suppression of the cholesterol synthesis pathway and prenylation of RhoB. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:607-621. [PMID: 30601691 PMCID: PMC6589702 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases control both the actin cytoskeleton and adherens junction stability and are recognized as essential regulators of endothelial barrier function. They act as molecular switches and are primarily regulated by the exchange of GDP and GTP. However, posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, prenylation, and ubiquitination can additionally alter their localization, stability, and activity. F-box proteins are involved in the recognition of substrate proteins predestined for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Given the importance of ubiquitination, we studied the effect of the loss of 62 members of the F-box protein family on endothelial barrier function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Endothelial barrier function was quantified by electrical cell impedance sensing and macromolecule passage assay. Our RNA interference–based screen identified FBXW7 as a key regulator of endothelial barrier function. Mechanistically, loss of FBXW7 induced the accumulation of the RhoB GTPase in endothelial cells, resulting in their increased contractility and permeability. FBXW7 knockdown induced activation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and changed the prenylation of RhoB. This effect was reversed by farnesyl transferase inhibitors and by the addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. In summary, this study identifies FBXW7 as a novel regulator of endothelial barrier function in vitro. Loss of FBXW7 indirectly modulates RhoB activity via alteration of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and, consequently, of the prenylation status and activity of RhoB, resulting in increased contractility and disruption of the endothelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon C A Pronk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Jisca Majolée
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Anke Loregger
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan S M van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| | - Igor Kovačević
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, and
| |
Collapse
|