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Intirach J, Lv X, Sutthanont N, Cai B, Champakaew D, Chen T, Han Q, Lv Z. Molecular and next-generation sequencing analysis of tick-borne pathogens of Rhipicephalus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in cattle and dogs. Acta Trop 2024; 252:107138. [PMID: 38307363 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Ticks are small and adaptable arachnid ectoparasites and global carriers of various pathogens that threaten both human and animal health. They are present in many parts of China. A total of 858 ticks were collected from various regions and hosts, then subjected to species identification based on morphological and molecular characteristics, as described in the authors' previous study. Eighty-three individual tick samples were selected for screening pathogens based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The genomic DNA of tick species was extracted, and amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was carried out from DNA of individual ticks using V3-V4 hypervariable regions, before subjecting to metagenomic analysis. Each tick underwent specific PCR tests for identifying the bacterial species present, including Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Coxiella, and Rickettsia, and also protozoans such as Babesia, Theileria, and Hepatozoon. Illumina NovaSeq sequencing results revealed that the dominant phylum and family in Rhipicephalus spp. were Bacteroidota and Muribaculaceae, respectively. Alpha diversity patterns varied depending on tick sex (R. linnaei only), species and location, but not on host. Furthermore, bacterial pathogens, including A. marginale (58 %, 29/50), A. platys (6 %, 3/50), E. minasensis (2 %, 1/50), Ehrlichia sp. (10 %, 5/50), T. sinensis (24 %, 12/50), T. orientalis (54 %, 27/50) and Coxiella-like bacteria (CLB) (80 %, 40/50) were detected in R. microplus, while E. canis (33.33 %, 10/30), H. canis (20 %, 6/30) and CLB (100 %, 30/30) were detected in R. linnaei. Also, Anaplasma sp. (33.33 %, 1/3), A. marginale (33.33 %, 1/3), R. felis (33.33 %, 1/3) and CLB (100 %, 3/3) were detected in R. haemaphysaloides. Dual and triple co-infections involving pathogens or CLB were detected in 84.00 % of R. microplus, 66.66 % of R. haemaphysaloides, and 33.00 % of R. linnaei. The report on microbial communities and pathogens, which found from Rhipicephalus spp. in Hainan Island, is an important step towards a better understanding of tick-borne disease transmission. This is the first report in the area on the presence of Anaplasma sp., A. marginale, R. felis and Coxiella, in R. haemaphysaloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitrawadee Intirach
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China; Hainan Tropical Diseases Research Center (Hainan Sub-Center, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Xin Lv
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Nataya Sutthanont
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Benchi Cai
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Danita Champakaew
- Parasitology and Entomology Research Cluster (PERC), Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tao Chen
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China; Hainan Provincial Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control, Haikou 570100, China.
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Wang Q, Cai B, Zhong L, Intirach J, Chen T. Causal relationship between diabetes mellitus, glycemic traits and Parkinson's disease: a multivariable mendelian randomization analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:59. [PMID: 38438892 PMCID: PMC10913216 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have indicated an association between diabetes mellitus (DM), glycemic traits, and the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the complex interactions between these factors and the presence of a causal relationship remain unclear. Therefore, we aim to systematically assess the causal relationship between diabetes, glycemic traits, and PD onset, risk, and progression. METHOD We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate potential associations between diabetes, glycemic traits, and PD. We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In addition, we employed multivariable Mendelian randomization to evaluate the mediating effects of anti-diabetic medications on the relationship between diabetes, glycemic traits, and PD. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we performed a series of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS In our univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we found evidence of a causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and a reduced risk of PD (OR = 0.9708; 95% CI: 0.9466, 0.9956; P = 0.0214). In our multivariable MR analysis, after considering the conditions of anti-diabetic drug use, this correlation disappeared with adjustment for potential mediators, including anti-diabetic medications, insulin use, and metformin use. CONCLUSION Our MR study confirms a potential protective causal relationship between genetically predicted type 1 diabetes and reduced risk of PD, which may be mediated by factors related to anti-diabetic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Afliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Benchi Cai
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Afliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lifan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Afliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jitrawadee Intirach
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Afliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Afliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Hainan Provincial Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control, 570100, Haikou, China.
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Champakaew D, Rattanasophon P, Phannasee C, Saehao W, Sukkanon C, Intirach J, Junkum A, Pitasawat B. Repellent effect of local indigenous knowledge-based repellent in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, against Aedes aegypti mosquito. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21589. [PMID: 38027675 PMCID: PMC10651505 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever has been a significant disease in Thailand for a long time, ranking it as one of the major health problems in the country. Management of the adult stage of mosquito vectors is approached by applying various synthetic chemicals such as adulticides, attractants, deterrents, and repellents. In Thailand, mosquito control and personal protection from mosquito bites are currently the most important measures for preventing and controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Although there are various control strategies for dengue disease, participation from the local community plays a vital role in the success of disease control. At present, a lot of local people have seen the value of local indigenous knowledge and used this to improve their life. The local community in the southern part of Thailand has used mosquito repellent from local knowledge for a long time. The problem regarding mosquito repellent made from local indigenous knowledge is that it has not yet been tested to determine its effectiveness. Therefore, this research aims to assess the effectiveness of mosquito repellent from local learning from Nakhon Si Thammarat provinces in Thailand. From the survey, out of 23 districts, six mosquito repellents were found in 3 communities, including Nabon, Muang, and Thasala. The repellent efficacy against the laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti by using the human-bait technique of the WHO (1996) standard method, with slight modifications. Approximately 0.1 ml of each test sample was applied evenly onto a 30 cm2 test site on one forearm of each human volunteer. Exposure experiments continued at 30 min intervals until at least two bites occurred in a 3-min period, or when a first bite was followed by a confirming bite (second bite) in the subsequent observation period. Each test was duplicated on different days for the two human volunteers. The result shows that three mosquito repellents made from local indigenous knowledge that have protection that lasts for more than 2 h are Ban Ko Sa Child Development Center's citronella spray (Nabon district, Kaew Saen subdistrict), Khun Lang's citronella spray, and Khun Lang's citronella ointment (Muang district, Pak Phun subdistrict). The result of this research was reported back to the local community to re-evaluate their self-reliance on their protection against mosquito biting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danita Champakaew
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Thailand and Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health (EC for DACH), 80160, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Palita Rattanasophon
- Public Health Program in Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Chayanid Phannasee
- Public Health Program in Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Saehao
- Public Health Program in Community Public Health, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Chutipong Sukkanon
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Jitrawadee Intirach
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Anuluck Junkum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Pitasawat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Intirach J, Lv X, Han Q, Lv ZY, Chen T. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Hard Ticks in Hainan Island, China. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1592. [PMID: 37628643 PMCID: PMC10454830 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are small, blood-sucking arachnids, known vectors of various diseases, and found throughout the world. They are distributed basically in almost all regions of China. At present, there is not much information regarding tick species on Hainan Island. They were subjected to morphological identification and imaging on an individual basis. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on cox1 and 16S rRNA genes, were utilized to identify the species and determine their approximate phylogenetic origin and genetic diversity. The genomic DNA of tick species was extracted, and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes were amplified and sequenced. The identification of five tick species, namely Rhipicephalus microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Haemaphysalis cornigera and Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis, was carried out by morphological analysis. When employing the cox1 and 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree, all isolates of R. microplus from Hainan Island were classified as clade A and B, respectively. R. sanguineus was recognized as a member of the tropical lineage by phylogenetic analysis on the cox1 and 16S rRNA genes. Three phylogenetic groups of R. haemaphysaloides were recognized and found to be related closely to strains from China. H. cornigera and H. mageshimaensis formed one phylogenetic group, presumably from tick strains prevalent in Japan and China. The haplotype network analysis indicated that R. microplus is classed into 26 and 6 haplotypes, which correspond to cox1 and 16S rRNA gene assemblages, respectively. In addition, four cox1 haplotypes were detected in R. sanguineus. This is the first evidence that suggests genetic diversity, host range and geographical distribution of hard ticks in Hainan Island, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitrawadee Intirach
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China;
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Xin Lv
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China;
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Zhi-Yue Lv
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China;
- Hainan Provincial Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control, Haikou 570100, China
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Junkum A, Intirach J, Chansang A, Champakaew D, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Somboon P, Pitasawat B. Enhancement of Temephos and Deltamethrin Toxicity by Petroselinum crispum Oil and its Main Constituents Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1298-1315. [PMID: 33570125 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous work presented the profound antimosquito potential of Petroselinum crispum essential oil (PEO) against either the pyrethroid-susceptible or resistant strains of Aedes aegypti. This plant oil also inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase and mixed-function oxidases significantly, thus suggesting its potential as a synergist for improving mosquitocidal efficacy of insecticidal formulations. This study investigated the chemical composition, larvicidal activity, and potential synergism with synthetic insecticides of PEO and its main compounds for the purpose of interacting with insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. The chemical profile of PEO, obtained by GC-MS analysis, showed a total of 17 bioactive compounds, accounting for 99.09% of the whole oil, with the most dominant constituents being thymol (74.57%), p-cymene (10.73%), and γ-terpinene (8.34%). All PEO constituents exhibited promising larvicidal effects, with LC50 values ranging from 19.47 to 59.75 ppm against Ae. aegypti, in both the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains. Furthermore, combination-based bioassays revealed that PEO, thymol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene enhanced the efficacy of temephos and deltamethrin significantly. The most effective synergist with temephos was PEO, which reduced LC50 values to 2.73, 4.94, and 3.28 ppb against MCM-S, PMD-R, and UPK-R, respectively, with synergism ratio (SR) values of 1.33, 1.38, and 2.12, respectively. The best synergist with deltamethrin also was PEO, which reduced LC50 values against MCM-S, PMD-R, and UPK-R to 0.008, 0.18, and 2.49 ppb, respectively, with SR values of 21.25, 9.00, and 4.06, respectively. This research promoted the potential for using essential oil and its principal constituents as not only alternative larvicides, but also attractive synergists for enhancing efficacy of existing conventional insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuluck Junkum
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Arpaporn Chansang
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Danita Champakaew
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Udom Chaithong
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atchariya Jitpakdi
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Doungrat Riyong
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pradya Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Pitasawat
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Chansang A, Champakaew D, Junkum A, Jitpakdi A, Amornlerdpison D, Aldred AK, Riyong D, Wannasan A, Intirach J, Muangmoon R, Pitasawat B. Synergy in the adulticidal efficacy of essential oils for the improvement of permethrin toxicity against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:417. [PMID: 30005688 PMCID: PMC6045857 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous screening program for mosquitocides from local edible plants in Thailand, essential oils (EOs) of Cyperus rotundus, Alpinia galanga and Cinnamomum verum, were found to possess promising adulticidal activity against Aedes aegypti. With the aim of reducing usage of conventional insecticides and improving the management of resistant mosquito populations, this study was designed to determine the potential synergism in the adulticidal efficacy of EOs on permethrin toxicity against Ae. aegypti, both pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible strains. METHODS EOs extracted from rhizomes of C. rotundus and A. galanga as well as C. verum barks were evaluated for chemical compositions and adulticidal activity against Muang Chiang Mai-susceptible (MCM-S) and Pang Mai Dang-resistant (PMD-R) strains of Ae. aegypti. Adulticidal bioassays of EO-permethrin mixtures for synergistic activity were also performed on these Ae. aegypti strains. RESULTS Chemical characterization by the GC-MS analytical technique demonstrated that 48 compounds were identified from the EOs of C. rotundus, A. galanga and C. verum, representing 80.22%, 86.75% and 97.24%, respectively, of all compositions. Cyperene (14.04%), β-bisabolene (18.27%) and cinnamaldehyde (64.66%) were the main constituents of C. rotundus, A. galanga and C. verum oils, respectively. In adulticidal bioassays, EOs of C. rotundus, A. galanga and C. verum were effective in killing Ae. aegypti, both MCM-S and PMD-R strains, with LD50 values of 10.05 and 9.57 μg/mg female, 7.97 and 7.94 μg/mg female, and 3.30 and 3.22 μg/mg female, respectively. The adulticidal efficacy against MCM-S and PMD-R Ae. aegypti of these EOs was close to that of piperonyl butoxide (PBO, LD50 values = 6.30 and 4.79 μg/mg female, respectively) but less pronounced than that of permethrin (LD50 values = 0.44 and 3.70 ng/mg female, respectively). Nevertheless, combination-based bioassays discovered the accomplished synergism of EOs together with permethrin. Significant synergistic effects with permethrin against both the strains of Ae. aegypti were recorded in the EOs of C. rotundus and A. galanga. Addition of C. rotundus and A. galanga oils decreased the LD50 values of permethrin against MCM-S dramatically from 0.44 to 0.07 and 0.11 ng/mg female, respectively, with synergism ratio (SR) values of 6.28 and 4.00, respectively. Furthermore, EOs of C. rotundus and A. galanga also reduced the LD50 values of permethrin against PMD-R drastically from 3.70 to 0.42 and 0.003 ng/mg female, respectively, with SR values of 8.81 and 1233.33, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The synergy of enhanced adulticidal toxicity recorded from EO-permethrin combinations against both strains of Ae. aegypti presents a promising role of EOs as a synergist for improving mosquitocidal efficacy, particularly in situations where conventional compounds are ineffective or inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpaporn Chansang
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Graduate PhD’s Degree Program in Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Danita Champakaew
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Graduate PhD’s Degree Program in Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Anuluck Junkum
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Atchariya Jitpakdi
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Doungporn Amornlerdpison
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand
| | - Arunee Kongdee Aldred
- Program in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand
| | - Doungrat Riyong
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Anchalee Wannasan
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Jitrawadee Intirach
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Graduate PhD’s Degree Program in Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Roongtawan Muangmoon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
- Graduate PhD’s Degree Program in Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Benjawan Pitasawat
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Intirach J, Junkum A, Lumjuan N, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Wannasan A, Champakaew D, Muangmoon R, Chansang A, Pitasawat B. Antimosquito property of Petroselinum crispum (Umbellifereae) against the pyrethroid resistant and susceptible strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:23994-24008. [PMID: 27638800 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing and widespread resistance to conventional synthetic insecticides in vector populations has underscored the urgent need to establish alternatives in the mosquito management system. This study was carried out with the aim to investigate the antimosquito property, larvicidal and adulticidal potential, of plant products against both the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant strains of Aedes aegypti. Seventeen plant products, including essential oils and ethanolic extracts, were obtained by steam distillation and extraction with 95 % ethanol, respectively. Their larvicidal activity was screened, using World Health Organization (WHO) procedures against A. aegypti, Muang Chiang Mai-susceptible (MCM-S) strain. The most effective product was a candidate for investigating larvicidal and adulticidal potential against three laboratory strains of A. aegypti, comprising MCM-S, Pang Mai Dang-resistant (PMD-R), and Upakut-resistant (UPK-R). Potential toxicity of the plant candidate was compared with that of synthetic temephos, permethrin, and deltamethrin. Chemical constituents of the most effective plant product also were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results obtained from the preliminary screening revealed the varying larvicidal efficacy of plant-derived products against MCM-S A. aegypti, with mortality ranging from 0 to 100 %. The larvicidal activity of seven effective plant products was found to be dose dependent, with the highest efficacy established from Petroselinum crispum fruit oil, followed by oils of Foeniculum vulgare, Myristica fragrans, Limnophila aromatica, Piper sarmentosum, Curcuma longa, and M. fragrans ethanolic extract (LC50 values of 43.22, 44.84, 47.42, 47.94, 49.19, 65.51, and 75.45 ppm, respectively). Essential oil of P. crispum was then investigated further and proved to be a promising larvicide and adulticide against all strains of A. aegypti. The pyrethroid-resistant strains of both PMD-R and UPK-R A. aegypti showed significant resistance to temephos, permethrin, and deltamethrin in either the larval or adult stage. Interestingly, high susceptibility to P. crispum oil was observed in the larvae and adults of MCM-S, which are pyrethroid-susceptible A. aegypti, and comparable to those of the pyrethroid-resistant strains, PMD-R and UPK-R. GC-MS analysis of P. crispum oil demonstrated that 19 compounds, accounting for 98.25 % of the whole oil, were identified, with the main constituents being thymol (42.41 %), p-cymene (27.71 %), and γ-terpinene (20.98 %). In conclusion, the profound larvicidal and adulticidal potential of P. crispum oil promises to form a new larvicide and adulticide against either the pyrethroid-susceptible or resistant strain of A. aegypti. Consequently, P. crispum oil and its constituents can be used or incorporated with other chemicals/measures in integrated mosquito management for controlling A. aegypti, particularly in localities with high levels of pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Intirach
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - A Junkum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - N Lumjuan
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - U Chaithong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - A Jitpakdi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - D Riyong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - A Wannasan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - D Champakaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - R Muangmoon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - A Chansang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - B Pitasawat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Champakaew D, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Wannasan A, Intirach J, Muangmoon R, Chansang A, Tuetun B, Pitasawat B. Assessment of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels as a repellent for personal protection against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions in northern Thailand. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:373. [PMID: 27357395 PMCID: PMC4928323 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) hexane extract (AHE) has been reported as a proven and impressive repellent against laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. With the aim of promoting products of plant origin as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic substances, this study was designed to transform AHE-based repellents for exploitable commercial production by enhancing their efficacy and assessing their physical and biological stability as well as repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. Methods The chemical profile of AHE was analyzed by qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. AHE was supplemented with vanillin, as a fixative, and then investigated for repellency and comparison to the standard synthetic repellent, DEET, under both laboratory and field conditions. Determination of physical and biological stability as a repellent was carried out after keeping AHE samples under varying temperatures and for different storage times. Results GC-MS analysis revealed that AHE contained at least 21 phytochemical compounds, constituting 95.74 % of the total content, with the major constituent of 3-N-butylphthalide (66.67 %). Ethanolic formulations of AHE and DEET showed improvement of repellency in a dose-dependent manner when vanillin was added in laboratory assessment. While 5–25 % AHE alone provided median complete-protection times of 2.0–6.5 h against Ae. aegypti, these times were increased to 4.0–8.5 h with a combination of AHE and 5 % vanillin (AHEv). Protection times against Ae. aegypti were extended from 2.25 to 7.25 h to 4.25–8.25 h when 5–25 % DEET was combined with 5 % vanillin (DEETv). In determining stability, all stored AHE samples exhibited similar characteristics such as liquid phases with aromatic odor comparable to those of fresh preparations. Furthermore, repellent activity of stored AHE samples lasted for at least six months, with varied efficacy (4.5–10.0 h) against Ae. aegypti. Field trials revealed strong repellency from both 25 % AHEv and 25 % DEETv, with complete protection (100 %) against a wide range of local mosquito populations. A total of 5,718 adult female mosquitoes, with the most predominant being Culex quinquefasciatus (41.47 %), Armigeres subalbatus (41.13 %), and Culex vishnui (10.53 %), was collected during field applications. No local skin reaction or other allergic responses was observed during both laboratory and field study periods. Conclusions Angelica sinensis proved to have not only impressive repellency against both laboratory Ae. aegypti and a wide range of natural mosquito populations, but also relative stability in physical and biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danita Champakaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anuluck Junkum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Udom Chaithong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Atchariya Jitpakdi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Doungrat Riyong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Wannasan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jitrawadee Intirach
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Roongtawan Muangmoon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Arpaporn Chansang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Tuetun
- Department of Food Industry and Service, School of Culinary Arts, Suan Dusit Rajabhat University Lampang, Lampang, 52000, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Pitasawat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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9
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Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, Champakaew D, Intirach J, Muangmoon R, Chansang A, Pitasawat B. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Malar J 2015; 14:307. [PMID: 26249666 PMCID: PMC4527275 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For personal protection against mosquito bites, user-friendly natural repellents, particularly from plant origin, are considered as a potential alternative to applications currently based on synthetics such as DEET, the standard chemical repellent. This study was carried out in Thailand to evaluate the repellency of Ligusticumsinense hexane extract (LHE) against laboratory Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti, the primary vectors of malaria and dengue fever, respectively. Methods Repellent testing of 25% LHE against the two target mosquitoes; An. minimus and Ae. aegypti, was performed and compared to the standard repellent, DEET, with the assistance of six human volunteers of either sex under laboratory conditions. The physical and biological stability of LHE also was determined after keeping it in conditions that varied in temperature and storage time. Finally, LHE was analysed chemically using the qualitative GC/MS technique in order to demonstrate a profile of chemical constituents. Results Ethanol preparations of LHE, with and without 5% vanillin, demonstrated a remarkably effective performance when compared to DEET in repelling both An. minimus and Ae. aegypti. While 25% LHE alone provided median complete-protection times against An. minimus and Ae. aegypti of 11.5 (9.0–14.0) hours and 6.5 (5.5–9.5) hours, respectively, the addition of 5% vanillin increased those times to 12.5 (9.0–16.0) hours and 11.0 (7.0–13.5) hours, respectively. Correspondingly, vanillin added to 25% DEET also extended the protection times from 11.5 (10.5–15.0) hours to 14.25 (11.0–18.0) hours and 8.0 (5.0–9.5) hours to 8.75 (7.5–11.0) hours against An. minimus and Ae. aegypti, respectively. No local skin reaction such as rash, swelling or irritation was observed during the study period. Although LHE samples kept at ambient temperature (21–35°C), and 45°C for 1, 2 and 3 months, demonstrated similar physical characteristics, such as similar viscosity and a pleasant odour, to those that were fresh and stored at 4°C, their colour changed from light- to dark-brown. Interestingly, repellency against Ae. aegypti of stored LHE was presented for a period of at least 3 months, with insignificantly varied efficacy. Chemical analysis revealed that the main components of LHE were 3-N-butylphthalide (31.46%), 2, 5-dimethylpyridine (21.94%) and linoleic acid (16.41%), constituting 69.81% of all the extract composition. Conclusions LHE with proven repellent efficacy, no side effects on the skin, and a rather stable state when kept in varied conditions is considered to be a potential candidate for developing a new natural alternative to DEET, or an additional weapon for integrated vector control when used together with other chemicals/measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukpong Sanghong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Anuluck Junkum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Udom Chaithong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Atchariya Jitpakdi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Doungrat Riyong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Benjawan Tuetun
- Department of Food Industry and Service, School of Culinary Arts, Suan Dusit Rajabhat University Lampang, Lampang, 52000, Thailand.
| | - Daruna Champakaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Jitrawadee Intirach
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Roongtawan Muangmoon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Arpaporn Chansang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Benjawan Pitasawat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Champakaew D, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Sanghong R, Intirach J, Muangmoon R, Chansang A, Tuetun B, Pitasawat B. Angelica sinensis (Umbelliferae) with proven repellent properties against Aedes aegypti, the primary dengue fever vector in Thailand. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2187-98. [PMID: 25773182 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Botanical resources with great diversity in medicinal and aromatic plants are a rich and reliable source for finding insect repellents of plant origin, which are widely popular among today's consumers. Although some herbal-based repellents have been proven comparable to or even better than synthetics, commercially available natural repellents generally tend to be expensive, with short-lived effectiveness. This critical flaw leads to ongoing research for new and effective repellents, which provide longer protection against vector and nuisance-biting insects, while remaining safe, user friendly, and reasonably priced. This study aimed to evaluate the repellent activity of plant-derived products against the primary dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, by following the human bait technique of World Health Organization guidelines. Preliminary laboratory screening tests for repellency of 33 plant species clearly demonstrated Angelica sinensis as the most effective repellent from each kind of extracted product, with its essential oil and ethanolic extract having median complete protection times of 7.0 h (6.0-7.5) and 2.5 h (2.0-2.5), respectively. Due to its low yield (0.02 %), pungent smell, and little cause of irritation, A. sinensis essential oil did not qualify as a candidate for further repellent assessment. However, subsequent extractions of A. sinensis with different organic solvents of increasing polarity provided four extractants with varying degrees of repellency against A. aegypti. The hexane extract of A. sinensis provided excellent repellency, with a median complete protection time of 7.5 h (6.5-8.5), which was longer than that of ethanol (2.5, 2.0-2.5 h), acetone (1.75, 0.5-2.5 h), and methanol extracts (0.5, 0-1.0 h). By being the most effective product, A. sinensis hexane extract gave significant protection comparable to that of its essential oil and the standard synthetic repellent, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET: 6.25, 5.0-6.5 h). Qualitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated the presence of phthalides and phthalates, including 3-N-butylphthalide, butylidenephthalide, ligustilide, and di-iso-octyl phthalate, as the principal constituents in A. sinensis products. The success of A. sinensis products, particularly that of hexane extract, has proved their potential as bioactive candidates in the next step for developing and producing alternative natural repellents with commercial aspirations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Champakaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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