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Bhutani K, Stansifer K, Ticau S, Bojic L, Villani AC, Slisz J, Cremers CM, Roy C, Donovan J, Fiske B, Friedman RC. Widespread haploid-biased gene expression enables sperm-level natural selection. Science 2021; 371:science.abb1723. [PMID: 33446482 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sperm are haploid but must be functionally equivalent to distribute alleles equally among progeny. Accordingly, gene products are shared through spermatid cytoplasmic bridges that erase phenotypic differences between individual haploid sperm. Here, we show that a large class of mammalian genes are not completely shared across these bridges. We call these genes "genoinformative markers" (GIMs) and show that a subset can act as selfish genetic elements that spread alleles unevenly through murine, bovine, and human populations. We identify evolutionary pressure to avoid conflict between sperm and somatic function as GIMs are enriched for testis-specific gene expression, paralogs, and isoforms. Therefore, GIMs and sperm-level natural selection may help to explain why testis gene expression patterns are an outlier relative to all other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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LaMarche MJ, Acker M, Argintaru A, Bauer D, Boisclair J, Chan H, Chen CHT, Chen YN, Chen Z, Deng Z, Dore M, Dunstan D, Fan J, Fekkes P, Firestone B, Fodor M, Garcia-Fortanet J, Fortin PD, Fridrich C, Giraldes J, Glick M, Grunenfelder D, Hao HX, Hentemann M, Ho S, Jouk A, Kang ZB, Karki R, Kato M, Keen N, Koenig R, LaBonte LR, Larrow J, Liu G, Liu S, Majumdar D, Mathieu S, Meyer MJ, Mohseni M, Ntaganda R, Palermo M, Perez L, Pu M, Ramsey T, Reilly J, Sarver P, Sellers WR, Sendzik M, Shultz MD, Slisz J, Slocum K, Smith T, Spence S, Stams T, Straub C, Tamez V, Toure BB, Towler C, Wang P, Wang H, Williams SL, Yang F, Yu B, Zhang JH, Zhu S. Identification of TNO155, an Allosteric SHP2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13578-13594. [PMID: 32910655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SHP2 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the PTPN11 gene and is involved in cell growth and differentiation via the MAPK signaling pathway. SHP2 also plays an important role in the programed cell death pathway (PD-1/PD-L1). As an oncoprotein as well as a potential immunomodulator, controlling SHP2 activity is of high therapeutic interest. As part of our comprehensive program targeting SHP2, we identified multiple allosteric binding modes of inhibition and optimized numerous chemical scaffolds in parallel. In this drug annotation report, we detail the identification and optimization of the pyrazine class of allosteric SHP2 inhibitors. Structure and property based drug design enabled the identification of protein-ligand interactions, potent cellular inhibition, control of physicochemical, pharmaceutical and selectivity properties, and potent in vivo antitumor activity. These studies culminated in the discovery of TNO155, (3S,4S)-8-(6-amino-5-((2-amino-3-chloropyridin-4-yl)thio)pyrazin-2-yl)-3-methyl-2-oxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-amine (1), a highly potent, selective, orally efficacious, and first-in-class SHP2 inhibitor currently in clinical trials for cancer.
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Chen YNP, LaMarche MJ, Chan HM, Fekkes P, Garcia-Fortanet J, Acker MG, Antonakos B, Chen CHT, Chen Z, Cooke VG, Dobson JR, Deng Z, Fei F, Firestone B, Fodor M, Fridrich C, Gao H, Grunenfelder D, Hao HX, Jacob J, Ho S, Hsiao K, Kang ZB, Karki R, Kato M, Larrow J, La Bonte LR, Lenoir F, Liu G, Liu S, Majumdar D, Meyer MJ, Palermo M, Perez L, Pu M, Price E, Quinn C, Shakya S, Shultz MD, Slisz J, Venkatesan K, Wang P, Warmuth M, Williams S, Yang G, Yuan J, Zhang JH, Zhu P, Ramsey T, Keen NJ, Sellers WR, Stams T, Fortin PD. Allosteric inhibition of SHP2 phosphatase inhibits cancers driven by receptor tyrosine kinases. Nature 2016; 535:148-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nature18621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zawel LS, Straub C, Firestone B, Sullivan J, Levine K, Porter D, Conway C, Yang G, Gao H, He D, Slisz J, Morrissey M, Monahan J, Mosher R, Stegmeier F, He F, Pham L, Yang F, Chen J, Ramsey T, Yao M, Fawell S. Abstract 138: Therapeutic targeting of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dougan M, Dougan S, Slisz J, Firestone B, Vanneman M, Draganov D, Goyal G, Li W, Neuberg D, Blumberg R, Hacohen N, Porter D, Zawel L, Dranoff G. IAP inhibitors enhance co-stimulation to promote tumor immunity. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2010. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1906oia13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dougan M, Dougan S, Slisz J, Firestone B, Vanneman M, Draganov D, Goyal G, Li W, Neuberg D, Blumberg R, Hacohen N, Porter D, Zawel L, Dranoff G. IAP inhibitors enhance co-stimulation to promote tumor immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2195-206. [PMID: 20837698 PMCID: PMC2947073 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) have recently been shown to modulate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling downstream of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family receptors, positioning them as essential survival factors in several cancer cell lines, as indicated by the cytotoxic activity of several novel small molecule IAP antagonists. In addition to roles in cancer, increasing evidence suggests that IAPs have an important function in immunity; however, the impact of IAP antagonists on antitumor immune responses is unknown. In this study, we examine the consequences of IAP antagonism on T cell function in vitro and in the context of a tumor vaccine in vivo. We find that IAP antagonists can augment human and mouse T cell responses to physiologically relevant stimuli. The activity of IAP antagonists depends on the activation of NF-κB2 signaling, a mechanism paralleling that responsible for the cytotoxic activity in cancer cells. We further show that IAP antagonists can augment both prophylactic and therapeutic antitumor vaccines in vivo. These findings indicate an important role for the IAPs in regulating T cell-dependent responses and suggest that targeting IAPs using small molecule antagonists may be a strategy for developing novel immunomodulating therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dougan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Gaither A, Porter D, Yao Y, Borawski J, Yang G, Donovan J, Sage D, Slisz J, Tran M, Straub C, Ramsey T, Iourgenko V, Huang A, Chen Y, Schlegel R, Labow M, Fawell S, Sellers WR, Zawel L. A Smac mimetic rescue screen reveals roles for inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling. Cancer Res 2008; 67:11493-8. [PMID: 18089776 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Smac mimetic compounds targeting the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) baculoviral IAP repeat-3 domain are presumed to reduce the threshold for apoptotic cell death by alleviating caspase-9 repression. We explored this tenet in an unbiased manner by searching for small interfering RNAs that are able to confer resistance to the Smac mimetic compound LBW242. Among the screening hits were multiple components of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) signaling pathway as well as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) itself. Here, we show that in a subset of highly sensitive tumor cell lines, activity of LBW242 is dependent on TNFalpha signaling. Mechanistic studies indicate that in this context, XIAP is a positive modulator of TNFalpha induction whereas cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 negatively regulates TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gaither
- Oncology Disease Area and Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Snarski A, Slisz J, Gockowski K. [Congenital hypothyroidism with thyroglobulin deficiency and substitutional albumin iodination]. Endokrynol Pol 1978; 29:313-20. [PMID: 688990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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