1
|
Hicks LM, Ou C, Charlebois J, Tarasoff L, Pawluski J, Roos LE, Hooykaas A, Fairbrother N, Carter M, Tomfohr-Madsen L. Assessment of Canadian perinatal mental health services from the provider perspective: Where can we improve? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:929496. [PMID: 36213903 PMCID: PMC9537741 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.929496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Perinatal mental health disorders are common, and rates have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is unclear where providers may improve perinatal mental health care, particularly in countries lacking national guidelines, such as Canada. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of perinatal health providers was conducted to describe the landscape of perinatal mental health knowledge, screening, and treatment practices across Canada. Providers were recruited through listservs, social media, and snowball sampling. Participants completed an online survey that assessed their perinatal mental health training, service provision types, their patient wait times, and treatment barriers, and COVID-19 pandemic-related impacts. RESULTS A total of 435 providers completed the survey, including physicians, midwives, psychologists, social workers, nurses, and allied non-mental health professionals. Most (87.0%) did not have workplace mandated screening for perinatal mental illness but a third (66%) use a validated screening tool. Many (42%) providers stated their patients needed to wait more than 2 months for services. More than half (57.3%) reported they did not receive or were unsure if they received specialized training in perinatal mental health. Most (87.0%) indicated there were cultural, linguistic, and financial barriers to accessing services. Over two-thirds (69.0%) reported the COVID-19 pandemic reduced access to services. CONCLUSION Survey findings reveal significant gaps in training, screening tool use, and timely and culturally safe treatment of perinatal mental health concerns. There is critical need for coordinated and nationally mandated perinatal mental health services in Canada to improve care for pregnant and postpartum people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Hicks
- Renée Crown Wellness Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Christine Ou
- School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Lesley Tarasoff
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jodi Pawluski
- IRSET - Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Leslie E Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amanda Hooykaas
- College of Social and Applied Social Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Carter
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martínez-García M, Cardenas SI, Pawluski J, Carmona S, Saxbe DE. Recent Neuroscience Advances in Human Parenting. Adv Neurobiol 2022; 27:239-267. [PMID: 36169818 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97762-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transition to parenthood entails brain adaptations to the demands of caring for a newborn. This chapter reviews recent neuroscience findings on human parenting, focusing on neuroimaging studies. First, we describe the brain circuits underlying human maternal behavior, which comprise ancient subcortical circuits and more sophisticated cortical regions. Then, we present the short-term and long-term functional and structural brain adaptations that characterize the transition to motherhood, discuss the long-term effects of parenthood on the brain, and propose several underlying neural mechanisms. We also review neuroimaging findings in biological fathers and alloparents (such as other relatives or adoptive parents), who engage in parenting without directly experiencing pregnancy or childbirth. Finally, we describe perinatal mental illnesses and discuss the neural responses associated with such disorders. To date, studies indicate that parenthood is a period of enhanced brain plasticity within brain areas critical for cognitive and social processing and that both parenting experience and gestational-related factors can prime such plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Martínez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sofia I Cardenas
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jodi Pawluski
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Rennes, France
| | - Susanna Carmona
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Darby E Saxbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zusman EZ, Lavu A, Pawliuk C, Pawluski J, Hutchison SM, Platt RW, Oberlander TF. Associations between prenatal exposure of serotonergic medications and biobehavioural stress regulation: Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e33363. [PMID: 35343913 PMCID: PMC9002587 DOI: 10.2196/33363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up to 20% of mothers experience antenatal depression and approximately 30% of these women are treated with serotonergic psychotropic pharmacological therapy during pregnancy. Serotonergic antidepressants readily cross the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, altering central synaptic serotonin signaling and potentially altering serotonin levels in the developing fetal brain. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the impact of prenatal exposure to serotonergic antidepressants, accounting for maternal mood disturbances, on markers of stress regulation during childhood. Methods We will follow PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov for full-length studies that assessed physiological (eg, cortisol level, heart rate variability, salivary amylase, pupillary size, C-reactive protein) indices of stress regulation in children of pregnant people who were treated with a serotonergic antidepressant at any point during pregnancy. We will assess the quality of observational studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the quality of experimental studies using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. When possible, we will conduct a random-effects meta-analysis. If meta-analysis is not possible, we will conduct a narrative review. If a sufficient number of studies are found, we will perform subgroup analysis and assess outcomes measured by drug class, dose, trimester of exposure, and child’s age and gender. Results We registered our review protocol with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; CRD42021275750), completed the literature search, and initiated title and abstract review in August 2021. We expect to finalize this review by April 2022. Conclusions Findings should identify the impact of prenatal antidepressant effects on stress regulation and distinguish it from the impact of prenatal exposure to maternal mood disturbances. This review should inform decisions about serotonergic antidepressant use during pregnancy. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42021275750; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=275750 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/33363
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enav Z Zusman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alekhya Lavu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Colleen Pawliuk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jodi Pawluski
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah M Hutchison
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert W Platt
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Pawluski
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), University Rennes, UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pawluski J. Perinatal SSRIs, maternal stress, and their effects on social behaviors in male and female offspring. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
6
|
Pawluski J, Jego P, Henry S, Bruchet A, Palme R, Coste C, Hausberger M. Low plasma cortisol and fecal cortisol metabolite measures as indicators of compromised welfare in domestic horses (Equus caballus). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182257. [PMID: 28886020 PMCID: PMC5590897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to chronic stress is far from straight forward, particularly with regards to animal welfare. There are reports of no effect as well as both decreases and increases in cortisol after chronic stressors. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to determine how measures of compromised welfare, such as chronic pain and haematological anomalies, related to cortisol levels in domestic horses (Equus caballus). Domestic horses are an informative model to investigate the impact of chronic stress (due to environment, pain, work, housing conditions…) on the HPA axis. The second aim was to determine whether levels of fecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) may be used as an indicator of welfare measures. The present study used fifty-nine horses (44 geldings and 15 mares), from three riding centres in Brittany, France. The primary findings show that horses whose welfare was clearly compromised (as indicated by an unusual ears backward position, presence of vertebral problems or haematological anomalies, e.g. anaemia) also had lower levels of both FCM and plasma cortisol. This work extends our previous findings showing that withdrawn postures, indicators of depressive-like behavior in horses, are associated with lower plasma cortisol levels. We also found that evening plasma cortisol levels positively correlated with FCM levels in horses. Future research aims to determine the extent to which factors of influence on welfare, such as living conditions (e.g. single stalls versus group housing in pasture or paddocks), early life factors, and human interaction, act as mediators of cortisol levels in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Pawluski
- Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), U1085 INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: , (JP); (MH)
| | - Patrick Jego
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 CNRS Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Station Biologique de Paimpont, France
| | - Séverine Henry
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 CNRS Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Station Biologique de Paimpont, France
| | - Anaelle Bruchet
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 CNRS Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Station Biologique de Paimpont, France
| | - Rupert Palme
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Coste
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 CNRS Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Station Biologique de Paimpont, France
| | - Martine Hausberger
- CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie animale et humaine, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: , (JP); (MH)
| |
Collapse
|