1
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Cao Y, Mieres-Perez J, Rowen JF, Sanchez-Garcia E, Sander W, Morgenstern K. Chirality control of a single carbene molecule by tip-induced van der Waals interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4500. [PMID: 37495625 PMCID: PMC10371978 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions such as van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are crucial for the chiral induction and control of molecules, but it remains difficult to study them at the single-molecule level. Here, we report a carbene molecule on a copper surface as a prototype of an anchored molecule with a facile chirality change. We examine the influence of the attractive van der Waals interactions on the chirality change by regulating the tip-molecule distance, resulting in an excess of a carbene enantiomer. Our model study provides insight into the change of molecular chirality controlled by van der Waals interactions, which is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of chiral induction and amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Cao
- Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Computational Bioengineering, Technical University Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, D-45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Julien Frederic Rowen
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Computational Bioengineering, Technical University Dortmund, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, D-45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Organic Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Physical Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany.
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2
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Neblik J, Kirupakaran A, Beuck C, Mieres-Perez J, Niemeyer F, Le MH, Telgheder U, Schmuck JF, Dudziak A, Bayer P, Sanchez-Garcia E, Westermann S, Schrader T. Multivalent Molecular Tweezers Disrupt the Essential NDC80 Interaction with Microtubules. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37392180 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Binding of microtubule filaments by the conserved Ndc80 protein is required for kinetochore-microtubule attachments in cells and the successful distribution of the genetic material during cell division. The reversible inhibition of microtubule binding is an important aspect of the physiological error correction process. Small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interactions involving Ndc80 are therefore highly desirable, both for mechanistic studies of chromosome segregation and also for their potential therapeutic value. Here, we report on a novel strategy to develop rationally designed inhibitors of the Ndc80 Calponin-homology domain using Supramolecular Chemistry. With a multiple-click approach, lysine-specific molecular tweezers were assembled to form covalently fused dimers to pentamers with a different overall size and preorganization/stiffness. We identified two dimers and a trimer as efficient Ndc80 CH-domain binders and have shown that they disrupt the interaction between Ndc80 and microtubules at low micromolar concentrations without affecting microtubule dynamics. NMR spectroscopy allowed us to identify the biologically important lysine residues 160 and 204 as preferred tweezer interaction sites. Enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations provided a rationale for the binding mode of multivalent tweezers and the role of pre-organization and secondary interactions in targeting multiple lysine residues across a protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Neblik
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Abbna Kirupakaran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
- Computational Bioengineering, Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westfalia 44227, Germany
| | - Felix Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - My-Hue Le
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Ursula Telgheder
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Jessica Felice Schmuck
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Alexander Dudziak
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
- Computational Bioengineering, Faculty of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westfalia 44227, Germany
| | - Stefan Westermann
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, North Rhine-Westfalia 45141, Germany
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3
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Cao Y, Mieres-Perez J, Lucht K, Ulrich I, Schweer P, Sanchez-Garcia E, Morgenstern K, Sander W. C-C Coupling of Carbene Molecules on a Metal Surface in the Presence of Water. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11544-11552. [PMID: 37207364 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel surface-confined C-C coupling reaction involving two carbene molecules and a water molecule was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy in real space. Carbene fluorenylidene was generated from diazofluorene in the presence of water on a silver surface. While in the absence of water, fluorenylidene covalently binds to the surface to form a surface metal carbene, and water can effectively compete with the silver surface in reacting with the carbene. Water molecules in direct contact with fluorenylidene protonate the carbene to form the fluorenyl cation before the carbene can bind to the surface. In contrast, the surface metal carbene does not react with water. The fluorenyl cation is highly electrophilic and draws electrons from the metal surface to generate the fluorenyl radical which is mobile on the surface at cryogenic temperatures. The final step in this reaction sequence is the reaction of the radical with a remaining fluorenylidene molecule or with diazofluorene to produce the C-C coupling product. Both a water molecule and the metal surface are essential for the consecutive proton and electron transfer followed by C-C coupling. This C-C coupling reaction is unprecedented in solution chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Cao
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Lehrstuhl für Computational Bioengineering, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Karsten Lucht
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Iris Ulrich
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Paul Schweer
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Lehrstuhl für Computational Bioengineering, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum D-44801, Germany
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4
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Weil T, Kirupakaran A, Le MH, Rebmann P, Mieres-Perez J, Issmail L, Conzelmann C, Müller JA, Rauch L, Gilg A, Wettstein L, Groß R, Read C, Bergner T, Pålsson SA, Uhlig N, Eberlein V, Wöll H, Klärner FG, Stenger S, Kümmerer BM, Streeck H, Fois G, Frick M, Braubach P, Spetz AL, Grunwald T, Shorter J, Sanchez-Garcia E, Schrader T, Münch J. Advanced Molecular Tweezers with Lipid Anchors against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses. JACS Au 2022; 2:2187-2202. [PMID: 36186568 PMCID: PMC9516563 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 presents a global health emergency. Therapeutic options against SARS-CoV-2 are still very limited but urgently required. Molecular tweezers are supramolecular agents that destabilize the envelope of viruses resulting in a loss of viral infectivity. Here, we show that first-generation tweezers, CLR01 and CLR05, disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 envelope and abrogate viral infectivity. To increase the antiviral activity, a series of 34 advanced molecular tweezers were synthesized by insertion of aliphatic or aromatic ester groups on the phosphate moieties of the parent molecule CLR01. A structure-activity relationship study enabled the identification of tweezers with a markedly enhanced ability to destroy lipid bilayers and to suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Selected tweezer derivatives retain activity in airway mucus and inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 wildtype and variants of concern as well as respiratory syncytial, influenza, and measles viruses. Moreover, inhibitory activity of advanced tweezers against respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in mice. Thus, potentiated tweezers are broad-spectrum antiviral agents with great prospects for clinical development to combat highly pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Weil
- Institute
of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical
Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Abbna Kirupakaran
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45117, Germany
| | - My-Hue Le
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45117, Germany
| | - Philipp Rebmann
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45117, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Computational
Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45117, Germany
| | - Leila Issmail
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute
of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical
Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Janis A. Müller
- Institute
of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg35043, Germany
| | - Lena Rauch
- Institute
of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical
Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Andrea Gilg
- Institute
of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical
Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Lukas Wettstein
- Institute
of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical
Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute
of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical
Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Clarissa Read
- Central
Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm89081, Germany
- Institute
of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Tim Bergner
- Central
Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Sandra Axberg Pålsson
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm10691, Sweden
| | - Nadja Uhlig
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Valentina Eberlein
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Heike Wöll
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45117, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute
for Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University
Medical Center, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Beate M. Kümmerer
- Institute
of Virology, Medical Faculty, University
of Bonn, Bonn53127, Germany
- German
Centre for Infection Research (DZIF),
partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institute
of Virology, Medical Faculty, University
of Bonn, Bonn53127, Germany
- German
Centre for Infection Research (DZIF),
partner site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn53127, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute
of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute
of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm89081, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute
of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover30625, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Spetz
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm10691, Sweden
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Fraunhofer
Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - James Shorter
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman
School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia19104, United States
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Computational
Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45117, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45117, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute
of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical
Center, Ulm89081, Germany
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5
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Bera A, Henkel S, Mieres-Perez J, Tsegaw YA, Sanchez-Garcia E, Sander W, Morgenstern K. Surface Diffusion Aided by a Chirality Change of Self‐Assembled Oligomers under 2D Confinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Bera
- Midnapore College Physics Raja Bajar Main Rd. 721101 Midnapore INDIA
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Organic Chemistry II GERMANY
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- University of Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Computational Biochemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- University of Duisburg-Essen: Universitat Duisburg-Essen Computational Biochemistry GERMANY
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Organic Chemistry II GERMANY
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Physical Chemistry I GERMANY
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6
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Romero-Molina S, Ruiz-Blanco YB, Mieres-Perez J, Harms M, Münch J, Ehrmann M, Sanchez-Garcia E. PPI-Affinity: A Web Tool for the Prediction and Optimization of Protein-Peptide and Protein-Protein Binding Affinity. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1829-1841. [PMID: 35654412 PMCID: PMC9361347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Virtual screening
of protein–protein and protein–peptide
interactions is a challenging task that directly impacts the processes
of hit identification and hit-to-lead optimization in drug design
projects involving peptide-based pharmaceuticals. Although several
screening tools designed to predict the binding affinity of protein–protein
complexes have been proposed, methods specifically developed to predict
protein–peptide binding affinity are comparatively scarce.
Frequently, predictors trained to score the affinity of small molecules
are used for peptides indistinctively, despite the larger complexity
and heterogeneity of interactions rendered by peptide binders. To
address this issue, we introduce PPI-Affinity, a tool that leverages
support vector machine (SVM) predictors of binding affinity to screen
datasets of protein–protein and protein–peptide complexes,
as well as to generate and rank mutants of a given structure. The
performance of the SVM models was assessed on four benchmark datasets,
which include protein–protein and protein–peptide binding
affinity data. In addition, we evaluated our model on a set of mutants
of EPI-X4, an endogenous peptide inhibitor of the chemokine receptor
CXCR4, and on complexes of the serine proteases HTRA1 and HTRA3 with
peptides. PPI-Affinity is freely accessible at https://protdcal.zmb.uni-due.de/PPIAffinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Romero-Molina
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Yasser B Ruiz-Blanco
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Faculty of Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
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7
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Malishev R, Salinas N, Gibson J, Eden AB, Mieres-Perez J, Ruiz-Blanco YB, Malka O, Kolusheva S, Klärner FG, Schrader T, Sanchez-Garcia E, Wang C, Landau M, Bitan G, Jelinek R. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-forming functional amyloid by molecular tweezers. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1310-1320.e5. [PMID: 33852903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are rigid and largely impenetrable three-dimensional matrices constituting virulence determinants of various pathogenic bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that molecular tweezers, unique supramolecular artificial receptors, modulate biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. In particular, the tweezers affect the structural and assembly properties of phenol-soluble modulin α1 (PSMα1), a biofilm-scaffolding functional amyloid peptide secreted by S. aureus. The data reveal that CLR01, a diphosphate tweezer, exhibits significant S. aureus biofilm inhibition and disrupts PSMα1 self-assembly and fibrillation, likely through inclusion of lysine side chains of the peptide. In comparison, different peptide binding occurs in the case of CLR05, a tweezer containing methylenecarboxylate units, which exhibits lower affinity for the lysine residues yet disrupts S. aureus biofilm more strongly than CLR01. Our study points to a possible role for molecular tweezers as potent biofilm inhibitors and antibacterial agents, particularly against untreatable biofilm-forming and PSM-producing bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravit Malishev
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Nir Salinas
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - James Gibson
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Angela Bailey Eden
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Department of Computational Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Yasser B Ruiz-Blanco
- Department of Computational Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Orit Malka
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Thomas Schrader
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Department of Computational Biochemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 2, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gal Bitan
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Brain Research Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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8
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Mieres-Perez J, Lucht K, Trosien I, Sander W, Sanchez-Garcia E, Morgenstern K. Controlling Reactivity-Real-Space Imaging of a Surface Metal Carbene. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4653-4660. [PMID: 33599124 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal carbenes are key intermediates in a plethora of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, despite their importance to heterogeneous catalysis, the influence of surface attachment on carbene reactivity has not yet been explored. Here, we reveal the interactions of fluorenylidene (FY), an archetypical aromatic carbene of extreme reactivity, with a Ag(111) surface. For the first time, the interaction of a highly reactive carbene with a metal surface could be studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). FY chemisorbs on Ag(111) with an estimated desorption energy of 3 eV, forming a surface bound silver-carbene complex. The surface interaction leads to a switching of the electronic ground state of FY from triplet to singlet, and to controlled chemical reactivity. This atomistic understanding of the interplay between carbenes and metal surfaces opens the way for the development of novel classes of catalytic systems based on surface metal carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mieres-Perez
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Computational Biochemistry, Universitätsstr.2, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Karsten Lucht
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr.150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Iris Trosien
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universitätsstr.150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Universitätsstr.150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Computational Biochemistry, Universitätsstr.2, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie I, Universitätsstr.150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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9
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Meiners A, Bäcker S, Hadrović I, Heid C, Beuck C, Ruiz-Blanco YB, Mieres-Perez J, Pörschke M, Grad JN, Vallet C, Hoffmann D, Bayer P, Sánchez-García E, Schrader T, Knauer SK. Specific inhibition of the Survivin-CRM1 interaction by peptide-modified molecular tweezers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1505. [PMID: 33686072 PMCID: PMC7940618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin's dual function as apoptosis inhibitor and regulator of cell proliferation is mediated via its interaction with the export receptor CRM1. This protein-protein interaction represents an attractive target in cancer research and therapy. Here, we report a sophisticated strategy addressing Survivin's nuclear export signal (NES), the binding site of CRM1, with advanced supramolecular tweezers for lysine and arginine. These were covalently connected to small peptides resembling the natural, self-complementary dimer interface which largely overlaps with the NES. Several biochemical methods demonstrated sequence-selective NES recognition and interference with the critical receptor interaction. These data were strongly supported by molecular dynamics simulations and multiscale computational studies. Rational design of lysine tweezers equipped with a peptidic recognition element thus allowed to address a previously unapproachable protein surface area. As an experimental proof-of-principle for specific transport signal interference, this concept should be transferable to any protein epitope with a flanking well-accessible lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Meiners
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Bäcker
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Inesa Hadrović
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Heid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Beuck
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yasser B Ruiz-Blanco
- Department of Computational Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Department of Computational Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marius Pörschke
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jean-Noël Grad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Vallet
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Bayer
- Department of Structural and Medicinal Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sánchez-García
- Department of Computational Biochemistry, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Department of Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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10
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Schleif T, Mieres-Perez J, Henkel S, Mendez-Vega E, Inui H, McMahon RJ, Sander W. Conformer-Specific Heavy-Atom Tunneling in the Rearrangement of Benzazirines to Ketenimines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16013-16018. [PMID: 31730349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Methoxy-2H-benzazirine was prepared via irradiation of the corresponding phenyl azide, isolated in an argon matrix at cryogenic temperatures. It undergoes ring expansion to the corresponding ketenimine in the dark at T < 30 K despite a calculated activation barrier of 4.9 kcal mol-1 [B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)]. Since this rearrangement proceeds with a rate constant in the order of 10-4 s-1, exhibiting only a shallow temperature dependence, the results are interpreted in terms of heavy-atom tunneling. Of the four isomeric benzazirines resulting from the initial photolysis, only one can be observed to rearrange; this conformer specificity is explained by the other potentially observable rearrangements being either too fast or too slow to be detected due to the differences in heights and widths of their respective activation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schleif
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Kitasato University , 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku , Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-0373 , Japan
| | - Robert J McMahon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706-1322 , United States
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
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11
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Abstract
The septet ground state trinitrenes 1,3,5‐trichloro‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene and 1,3,5‐tribromo‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene were isolated in inert (Ar, Ne, and Xe) as well as reactive matrices (H2, O2, and H2O) at cryogenic temperatures. These trinitrenes were obtained in high yields by UV photolysis of the corresponding triazides and characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The trinitrenes, despite bearing six unpaired electrons, are remarkably unreactive towards molecular oxygen and hydrogen and are persistent in water ice up to 160 K where the water matrix starts to sublime off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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12
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Berger N, Wollny LJB, Sokkar P, Mittal S, Mieres-Perez J, Stoll R, Sander W, Sanchez-Garcia E. Front Cover: Solvent-Enhanced Conformational Flexibility of Cyclic Tetrapeptides (ChemPhysChem 13/2019). Chemphyschem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Berger
- Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-University of Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Laura J. B. Wollny
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Pandian Sokkar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
| | - Sumit Mittal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy; Ruhr-University of Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-University of Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
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13
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Berger N, Wollny LJB, Sokkar P, Mittal S, Mieres-Perez J, Stoll R, Sander W, Sanchez-Garcia E. Solvent-Enhanced Conformational Flexibility of Cyclic Tetrapeptides. Chemphyschem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Berger
- Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-University of Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Laura J. B. Wollny
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Pandian Sokkar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
| | - Sumit Mittal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy; Ruhr-University of Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-University of Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 2 45141 Essen
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14
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Xu J, Mieres-Perez J, Sanchez-Garcia E, Lee JK. Gas-Phase Deprotonation of Benzhydryl Cations: Carbene Basicity, Multiplicity, and Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7685-7693. [PMID: 31008604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many fundamental properties of carbenes, particularly basicity, remain poorly understood. Herein, an experimental and computational examination of the deprotonation of a series of benzhydryl cations has been undertaken. These studies represent the first attempt at providing experimental values for diarylcarbene basicities. Pathways to deprotonation, including whether the singlet or triplet carbene is formed, are probed. Because diarylcarbenes are expected to be among the strongest organic bases known, assessing the energetics of protonation of these species is of fundamental importance for a wide range of chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology , University of Duisburg-Essen , D-45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology , University of Duisburg-Essen , D-45141 Essen , Germany
| | - Jeehiun K Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
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15
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Mieres-Perez J, Costa P, Mendez-Vega E, Crespo-Otero R, Sander W. Switching the Spin State of Pentafluorophenylnitrene: Isolation of a Singlet Arylnitrene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17271-17277. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Paolo Costa
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- Lehrstuhl für Organische
Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Iris Trosien
- Lehrstuhl für Organische
Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische
Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische
Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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17
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Radhakrishnan S, Mieres-Perez J, Gudipati MS, Sander W. Photoinduced Reversible Electron Transfer Between the Benzhydryl Radical and Benzhydryl Cation in Amorphous Water–Ice. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6405-6412. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Radhakrishnan
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Murthy S. Gudipati
- Science
Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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18
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Schleif T, Mieres-Perez J, Henkel S, Ertelt M, Borden WT, Sander W. The Cope Rearrangement of 1,5-Dimethylsemibullvalene-2(4)-d 1 : Experimental Evidence for Heavy-Atom Tunneling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [PMID: 28643896 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As an experimental test of the theoretical prediction that heavy-atom tunneling is involved in the degenerate Cope rearrangement of semibullvalenes at cryogenic temperatures, monodeuterated 1,5-dimethylsemibullvalene isotopomers were prepared and investigated by IR spectroscopy using the matrix isolation technique. As predicted, the less thermodynamically stable isotopomer rearranges at cryogenic temperatures in the dark to the more stable one, while broadband IR irradiation above 2000 cm-1 results in an equilibration of the isotopomeric ratio. Since this reaction proceeds with a rate constant in the order of 10-4 s-1 despite an experimental barrier of Ea =4.8 kcal mol-1 and with only a shallow temperature dependence, the results are interpreted in terms of heavy-atom tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schleif
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie Ertelt
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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19
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Schleif T, Mieres-Perez J, Henkel S, Ertelt M, Borden WT, Sander W. The Cope Rearrangement of 1,5-Dimethylsemibullvalene-2(4)-d1
: Experimental Evidence for Heavy-Atom Tunneling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schleif
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan Henkel
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Melanie Ertelt
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
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20
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Costa P, Mieres-Perez J, Özkan N, Sander W. Activation of the B-F Bond by Diphenylcarbene: A Reversible 1,2-Fluorine Migration between Boron and Carbon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1760-1764. [PMID: 28071849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Experiments in low-temperature matrices reveal that triplet diphenylcarbene inserts into the very strong B-F bond of BF3 in a two-step reaction. The first step is the formation of a strongly bound Lewis acid-base complex between the singlet state of diphenylcarbene and BF3 . This step involves an inversion of the spin state of the carbene from triplet to singlet. The second step requires visible-light photochemical activation to induce a 1,2-F migration from boron to the adjacent carbon atom under formation of the formal insertion product of the carbene center into BF3 . The 1,2-F migration is reversible under short-wavelength UV irradiation, thus leading back to the Lewis acid-base adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nesli Özkan
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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21
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Costa P, Mieres-Perez J, Özkan N, Sander W. Activation of the B−F Bond by Diphenylcarbene: A Reversible 1,2-Fluorine Migration between Boron and Carbon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Costa
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Nesli Özkan
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
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