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Urban I, Ratcliffe NM, Duffield JR, Elder GR, Patton D. Functionalized paramagnetic nanoparticles for waste water treatment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4583-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b925933c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Duffield
- a School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry , University of Wales College of Cardiff , P.O. Box 912, Cardiff , CF1 3TB , UK
- b Department of Chemistry , Manchester Polytechnic , Manchester , MI , 5GD , UK
| | - Keith Edwards
- a School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry , University of Wales College of Cardiff , P.O. Box 912, Cardiff , CF1 3TB , UK
| | - D. Andrew Evans
- a School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry , University of Wales College of Cardiff , P.O. Box 912, Cardiff , CF1 3TB , UK
| | - Deborah M. Morrish
- a School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry , University of Wales College of Cardiff , P.O. Box 912, Cardiff , CF1 3TB , UK
| | - R. Antony Vobe
- a School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry , University of Wales College of Cardiff , P.O. Box 912, Cardiff , CF1 3TB , UK
| | - David R. Williams
- a School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry , University of Wales College of Cardiff , P.O. Box 912, Cardiff , CF1 3TB , UK
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Darn SM, Sodi R, Ranganath LR, Roberts NB, Duffield JR. Experimental and computer modelling speciation studies of the effect of pH and phosphate on the precipitation of calcium and magnesium salts in urine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44:185-91. [PMID: 16475905 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2006.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Darn
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Hall SB, Duffield JR, Williams DR, Barnett MI, Cosslett AG. PARSAFE: computer program for safety assessment and optimization of parenteral nutrition formulations based on chemical speciation analysis. Nutrition 1992; 8:167-76; discussion 192. [PMID: 1525432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Instability arising from the formation of precipitates and lipid emulsion aggregates is common in parenteral nutrition formulations due to the concentration- and pH-dependent incompatibility of some of the vital ingredients. Previously, the boundaries between stability and instability could only be established through the use of laborious and expensive empirical methods. The predictive technique with the concept of chemical speciation (based on the analysis of many competitive thermodynamic equilibriums) has been adapted for use with parenteral fluids so that these detrimental events may now be avoided. A comprehensive computer program, PARSAFE ((C) 1991. Sponsors interested in this program should contact D.R.W.) has been developed for this purpose. PARSAFE encompasses chemical-speciation techniques and contains a large data base of commonly used intravenous fluid constituents together with the appropriate thermodynamic equilibrium constants describing their interactions so that stability prediction may be readily achieved in hospital pharmacy laboratories. We review the relevant physical chemistry required for the successful implementation of PARSAFE and outline the audit trails involved in the development of the predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hall
- School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, University of Wales College of Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Hurford SR, Morris CR, Vesey JA, Williams DR, Cummins D, Riley PI, Christie GL, Duffield JR. Thermodynamic formation constants and solid state properties for the interaction of Zn(II) ions with citrate, phenolsulphonate, monofluorophosphate, and saccharinate. J Inorg Biochem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(91)84042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Duffield
- School of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, University of Wales College of Cardiff, U.K
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Duffield JR, Williams DR, Kron I. Speciation studies of the solubility and aqueous solution chemistry of tin(II)- and tin(IV)-pyrophosphate complexes. Polyhedron 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)80160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
A typical All-in-One (AIO) parenteral nutrition mixture in a 3-litre polymeric infusion bag will consist of lipid emulsion, amino acids, glucose, electrolytes, trace elements and vitamins. This varied mixture of chemical entities provides the potential for a number of chemical and physicochemical interactions that can compromise the clinical safety and efficacy of the product. The destabilisation of the lipid emulsion in the presence of electrolytes is a major problem. Although a predictive equation for the maximum concentrations of mono-, di- and trivalent ions causing instability has been proposed, it is too simplistic to be of significant value. The reasons for this are discussed as well as the stability implications of other additives to the parenteral nutrition mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Barnett
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales College, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Duffield JR, Taylor DM, Proctor SA. The binding of plutonium to transferrin in the presence of tri-n-butyl phosphate or nitrate and its release by diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate and the tetrameric catechoylamide ligand LICAMC(C). Int J Nucl Med Biol 1986; 12:483-7. [PMID: 3754852 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-0740(86)80012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The binding of plutonium to human apo-transferrin and to rat serum was investigated following delivery of the metal to the protein either as the plutonium-tri-n-butyl phosphate (Pu-TBP) complex in n-dodecane or as plutonium nitrate. Chromatographic behaviour, the failure to bind to iron-saturated transferrin and the release of plutonium by the chelating agents CaNa3DTPA and 3,4,3-LICAM(C) suggest that the transferrin complexes formed from the two plutonium compounds are similar. The tetracatechoylamide ligand LICAM(C) was found to be about 500 times more effective than DTPA, on a molar basis, for the release of plutonium from transferrin in rat serum.
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Abstract
The uptake and binding of 59Fe, 67Ga and 239Pu complexed with citrate of transferrin (Tf) and of 125I-labelled Fe-Tf by human lymphoblasts (WI-L2 cells) have been studied. Uptake kinetics of 59Fe-Tf and [125I]-Tf point to internalization by receptor mediated endocytosis. 67Ga binding and uptake is always less. This may be explained by a lower affinity of Ga-complexes for the cell surface. Factors which influence Fe uptake have a similar effect on Ga. 239Pu uptake and binding, however, are different, especially in that Tf does not stimulate 239Pu uptake and may actually decrease it.
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Duffield JR, May PM, Williams DR. Computer simulation of metal ion equilibria in biofluids. IV. Plutonium speciation in human blood plasma and chelation therapy using polyaminopolycarboxylic acids. J Inorg Biochem 1984; 20:199-214. [PMID: 6425458 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(84)85019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An investigation by computer simulation into the nature of Pu(IV) binding to low-molecular ligands in human blood plasma is described. Particular consideration is given to the interactions of various chelating agents which have been or might be used for treating plutonium intoxication. Formation constants of EDTA and DTPA with Cu(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have been measured under biologic conditions of temperature and background electrolyte. The relative ability of these and other chelating agents to cause excretion of plutonium and the concomitant loss of certain essential trace metals has thus been assessed.
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Abstract
At physiological concentrations of citrate the uptake of 59Fe, 67Ga, and 239Pu into human type B lymphocytes of splenic origin is the same in viable and in non-viable cells. Addition of transferrin has no effect on the uptake into non-viable cells but in viable cells it increases the uptake of Fe and Ga but decreases that of Pu. Uptake decreases as transferrin concentration increases although this is less marked with Ga.
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