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Van Emmenis L, Ku SY, Gayvert K, Branch JR, Brady NJ, Basu S, Russell M, Cyrta J, Vosoughi A, Sailer V, Alnajar H, Dardenne E, Koumis E, Puca L, Robinson BD, Feldkamp MD, Winkis A, Majewski N, Rupnow B, Gottardis MM, Elemento O, Rubin MA, Beltran H, Rickman DS. The Identification of CELSR3 and Other Potential Cell Surface Targets in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:1447-1459. [PMID: 37546702 PMCID: PMC10401480 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Although recent efforts have led to the development of highly effective androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, a significant subset of patients will progress with resistant disease including AR-negative tumors that display neuroendocrine features [neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC)]. On the basis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a clinical cohort of tissue from benign prostate, locally advanced prostate cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and NEPC, we developed a multi-step bioinformatics pipeline to identify NEPC-specific, overexpressed gene transcripts that encode cell surface proteins. This included the identification of known NEPC surface protein CEACAM5 as well as other potentially targetable proteins (e.g., HMMR and CESLR3). We further showed that cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) knockdown results in reduced NEPC tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. We provide in vivo data including laser capture microdissection followed by RNA-seq data supporting a causal role of CELSR3 in the development and/or maintenance of the phenotype associated with NEPC. Finally, we provide initial data that suggests CELSR3 is a target for T-cell redirection therapeutics. Further work is now needed to fully evaluate the utility of targeting CELSR3 with T-cell redirection or other similar therapeutics as a potential new strategy for patients with NEPC. Significance The development of effective treatment for patients with NEPC remains an unmet clinical need. We have identified specific surface proteins, including CELSR3, that may serve as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Van Emmenis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sheng-Yu Ku
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaitlyn Gayvert
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Nicholas J. Brady
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Subhasree Basu
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joanna Cyrta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aram Vosoughi
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Verena Sailer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Hussein Alnajar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Etienne Dardenne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Elena Koumis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Loredana Puca
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Brent Rupnow
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - David S. Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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2
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Zhang Z, Connolly PJ, Trabalón Escolar L, Rocaboy C, Pande V, Meerpoel L, Lim HK, Branch JR, Ondrus J, Hickson I, Bush TL, Bischoff JR, Bignan G. Spirocyclic Thiohydantoin Antagonists of F877L and Wild-Type Androgen Receptor for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1245-1252. [PMID: 34422225 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional reactivation plays a key role in the development and progression of lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recurrent alterations in the AR enable persistent AR pathway signaling and drive resistance to the treatment of second-generation antiandrogens. AR F877L, a point mutation in the ligand binding domain of the AR, was identified in patients who acquired resistance to enzalutamide or apalutamide. In parallel to our previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of compound 4 (JNJ-pan-AR) and clinical stage compound 5 (JNJ-63576253), we discovered additional AR antagonists that provide opportunities for future development. Here we report a highly potent series of spirocyclic thiohydantoins as AR antagonists for the treatment of the F877L mutant and wild-type CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter J. Connolly
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | | | | | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Heng-Keang Lim
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Branch
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Janine Ondrus
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ian Hickson
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Tammy L. Bush
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - James R. Bischoff
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Gilles Bignan
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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3
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Branch JR, Bush TL, Pande V, Connolly PJ, Zhang Z, Hickson I, Ondrus J, Jaensch S, Bischoff JR, Habineza G, Van Hecke G, Meerpoel L, Packman K, Parrett CJ, Chong YT, Gottardis MM, Bignan G. Discovery of JNJ-63576253, a Next-Generation Androgen Receptor Antagonist Active Against Wild-Type and Clinically Relevant Ligand Binding Domain Mutations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:763-774. [PMID: 33649102 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous mechanisms of resistance arise in response to treatment with second-generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Among these, point mutations in the ligand binding domain can transform antagonists into agonists, driving the disease through activation of AR signaling. To address this unmet need, we report the discovery of JNJ-63576253, a next-generation AR pathway inhibitor that potently abrogates AR signaling in models of human prostate adenocarcinoma. JNJ-63576253 is advancing as a clinical candidate with potential effectiveness in the subset of patients who do not respond to or are progressing while on second-generation AR-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tammy L Bush
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Zhuming Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian Hickson
- Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Ondrus
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | | | - James R Bischoff
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Molecular Targeted Therapies (Oncology), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Bignan
- Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey.
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4
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Zhang Z, Connolly PJ, Lim HK, Pande V, Meerpoel L, Teleha C, Branch JR, Ondrus J, Hickson I, Bush T, Luistro L, Packman K, Bischoff JR, Ibrahim S, Parrett C, Chong Y, Gottardis MM, Bignan G. Discovery of JNJ-63576253: A Clinical Stage Androgen Receptor Antagonist for F877L Mutant and Wild-Type Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). J Med Chem 2021; 64:909-924. [PMID: 33470111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Persistent androgen receptor (AR) activation drives therapeutic resistance to second-generation AR pathway inhibitors and contributes to the progression of advanced prostate cancer. One resistance mechanism is point mutations in the ligand binding domain of AR that can transform antagonists into agonists. The AR F877L mutation, identified in patients treated with enzalutamide or apalutamide, confers resistance to both enzalutamide and apalutamide. Compound 4 (JNJ-pan-AR) was identified as a pan-AR antagonist with potent activity against wild-type and clinically relevant AR mutations including F877L. Metabolite identification studies revealed a latent bioactivation pathway associated with 4. Subsequent lead optimization of 4 led to amelioration of this pathway and nomination of 5 (JNJ-63576253) as a clinical stage, next-generation AR antagonist for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Zhang
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Peter J Connolly
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Heng Keang Lim
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Christopher Teleha
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Jonathan R Branch
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Janine Ondrus
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ian Hickson
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Tammy Bush
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Leopoldo Luistro
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kathryn Packman
- Janssen Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - James R Bischoff
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Salam Ibrahim
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | | | - Yolanda Chong
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marco M Gottardis
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Gilles Bignan
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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5
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Richters A, Doyle SK, Freeman DB, Lee C, Leifer BS, Jagannathan S, Kabinger F, Koren JV, Struntz NB, Urgiles J, Stagg RA, Curtin BH, Chatterjee D, Mathea S, Mikochik PJ, Hopkins TD, Gao H, Branch JR, Xin H, Westover L, Bignan GC, Rupnow BA, Karlin KL, Olson CM, Westbrook TF, Vacca J, Wilfong CM, Trotter BW, Saffran DC, Bischofberger N, Knapp S, Russo JW, Hickson I, Bischoff JR, Gottardis MM, Balk SP, Lin CY, Pop MS, Koehler AN. Modulating Androgen Receptor-Driven Transcription in Prostate Cancer with Selective CDK9 Inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 28:134-147.e14. [PMID: 33086052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) lose sensitivity to androgen-deprivation therapies but frequently remain dependent on oncogenic transcription driven by the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants. To discover modulators of AR-variant activity, we used a lysate-based small-molecule microarray assay and identified KI-ARv-03 as an AR-variant complex binder that reduces AR-driven transcription and proliferation in prostate cancer cells. We deduced KI-ARv-03 to be a potent, selective inhibitor of CDK9, an important cofactor for AR, MYC, and other oncogenic transcription factors. Further optimization resulted in KB-0742, an orally bioavailable, selective CDK9 inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity in CRPC models. In 22Rv1 cells, KB-0742 rapidly downregulates nascent transcription, preferentially depleting short half-life transcripts and AR-driven oncogenic programs. In vivo, oral administration of KB-0742 significantly reduced tumor growth in CRPC, supporting CDK9 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy to target AR dependence in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Richters
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shelby K Doyle
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Becky S Leifer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sajjeev Jagannathan
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Florian Kabinger
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jošt Vrabič Koren
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas B Struntz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julie Urgiles
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan A Stagg
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brice H Curtin
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deep Chatterjee
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hua Gao
- Kronos Bio, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Hong Xin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Lori Westover
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Brent A Rupnow
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Kristen L Karlin
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Calla M Olson
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Therapeutic Innovation Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Knapp
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joshua W Russo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ian Hickson
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA; Cancer Research UK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | | | - Steven P Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Kronos Bio, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Therapeutic Innovation Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Angela N Koehler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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6
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Drzewiecki K, Parmar AS, Gaudet ID, Branch JR, Pike DH, Nanda V, Shreiber DI. Methacrylation induces rapid, temperature-dependent, reversible self-assembly of type-I collagen. Langmuir 2014; 30:11204-11. [PMID: 25208340 PMCID: PMC4172302 DOI: 10.1021/la502418s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Type-I collagen self-assembles into a fibrillar gel at physiological temperature and pH to provide a cell-adhesive, supportive, structural network. As such, it is an attractive, popular scaffold for in vitro evaluations of cellular behavior and for tissue engineering applications. In this study, type-I collagen is modified to introduce methacrylate groups on the free amines of the lysine residues to create collagen methacrylamide (CMA). CMA retains the properties of collagen such as self-assembly, biodegradability, and natural bioactivity but is also photoactive and can be rapidly cross-linked or functionalized with acrylated molecules when irradiated with ultraviolet light in the presence of a photoinitiator. CMA also demonstrates unique temperature-dependent behavior. For natural type-I collagen, the overall structure of the fiber network remains largely static over time scales of a few hours upon heating and cooling at temperatures below its denaturation point. CMA, however, is rapidly thermoreversible and will oscillate between a liquid macromer suspension and a semisolid fibrillar hydrogel when the temperature is modulated between 10 and 37 °C. Using a series of mechanical, scattering, and spectroscopic methods, we demonstrate that structural reversibility is manifest across multiple scales from the protein topology of the triple helix up through the rheological properties of the CMA hydrogel. Electron microscopy imaging of CMA after various stages of heating and cooling shows that the canonical collagen-like D-periodic banding ultrastructure of the fibers is preserved. A rapidly thermoreversible collagen-based hydrogel is expected to have wide utility in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications as a biofunctional, biocompatible material. Thermal reversibility also makes CMA a powerful model for studying the complex process of hierarchical collagen self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn
E. Drzewiecki
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Avanish S. Parmar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ian D. Gaudet
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Branch
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Douglas H. Pike
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Vikas Nanda
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - David I. Shreiber
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- E-mail:
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7
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Abstract
Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors 'prime the soil' for atherogenesis systemically, atherosclerosis primarily occurs in a site-specific manner with a predilection towards the inner wall of curvatures and outer wall of bifurcations with sparing of flow-dividers. Wall shear stress is a frictional force exerted parallel to the vessel wall that leads to alteration of the endothelial phenotype, endothelial cell signaling, gene and protein expression leading to a proinflammatory phenotype, reduced nitric oxide availability and disruption of the extracellular matrix, which in turn leads to plaque development. Clinical and experimental data are emerging that suggest the pathobiology associated with abnormal wall shear stress results in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Dhawan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Branch
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael C McDaniel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin Suo
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Don Giddens
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Suite F606, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Tel.: +1 404 778 5299, Fax: +1 404 778 5278
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8
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Branch JR. NOTE ON PENETRATING WOUNDS OF THE ABDOMEN. Ann Surg 1911; 54:164-6. [PMID: 17862713 PMCID: PMC1406233 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-191108000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Cushing H, Branch JR. Experimental and Clinical Notes on Chronic valvular Lesions in the Dog and their Possible Relation to a Future Surgery of the Cardiac Valves. J Med Res 1908; 17:471-486.5. [PMID: 19971808 PMCID: PMC2099895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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