1
|
Minnema J, Polinder-Bos HA, Cesari M, Dockery F, Everink IHJ, Francis BN, Gordon AL, Grund S, Perez Bazan LM, Eruslanova K, Topinková E, Vassallo MA, Faes MC, van Tol LS, Caljouw MAA, Achterberg WP, Haaksma ML. The Impact of Delirium on Recovery in Geriatric Rehabilitation after Acute Infection. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024:105002. [PMID: 38670170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Delirium is common during acute infection in older patients and is associated with functional decline. Geriatric rehabilitation (GR) can help older patients to return to their premorbid functional level. It is unknown whether delirium affects GR outcomes in patients with acute infection. We evaluated whether delirium affects trajectories of activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QoL) recovery in GR after COVID-19 infection. DESIGN This study was part of the EU-COGER study, a multicenter cohort study conducted between October 2020 and October 2021. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were recruited after COVID-19 infection from 59 GR centers in 10 European countries. METHODS Data were collected at GR admission, discharge, and at the 6-week and 6-month follow-ups. Trajectories of ADL [using the Barthel index (BI)] and QoL [using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L)] recovery were examined using linear mixed models. RESULTS Of the 723 patients included (mean age 75.5 ± 9.9 years; 52.4% male), 28.9% had delirium before or during GR admission. Participants with delirium recovered in ADL at approximately the same rate as those without (linear slope effect = -0.13, SE 0.16, P = .427) up to an estimated BI score of 16.1 at 6 months. Similarly, participants with delirium recovered in QoL at approximately the same rate as those without (linear slope effect = -0.017, SE 0.015, P = .248), up to an estimated EQ-5D-5L score of 0.8 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Presence of delirium during the acute phase of infection or subsequent GR did not influence the recovery trajectory of ADL functioning and QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Minnema
- Section Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H A Polinder-Bos
- Section Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Cesari
- IRCCS Istituti Clinici Maugeri, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Dockery
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I H J Everink
- Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B N Francis
- Fliman Geriatric Rehabilitation Centre, Haifa, Israel; Geriatric Division, Holy Family Hospital, Bar Ilan University, Safad, Israel
| | - A L Gordon
- Academic Unit of Injury, Recovery and Inflammation Sciences (IRIS), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Grund
- Centre for Geriatric Medicine, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Geriatric Centre at the Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L M Perez Bazan
- RE-FiT Barcelona Research Group, Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Eruslanova
- Russian Clinical and Research Centre of Gerontology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Topinková
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, South Bohemian University, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - M A Vassallo
- Geriatric Medicine Society of Malta & Telghet G'Mangia, Rehabilitation Hospital Karin Grech, Pietà, Malta
| | - M C Faes
- Department of Geriatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - L S van Tol
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; University Network for the Care sector South-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M A A Caljouw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; University Network for the Care sector South-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - W P Achterberg
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; University Network for the Care sector South-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M L Haaksma
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; University Network for the Care sector South-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wassenaar PNH, Minnema J, Vriend J, Peijnenburg WJGM, Pennings JLA, Kienhuis A. The role of trust in the use of artificial intelligence for chemical risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 148:105589. [PMID: 38403009 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment of chemicals is a time-consuming process and needs to be optimized to ensure all chemicals are timely evaluated and regulated. This transition could be stimulated by valuable applications of in silico Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) models. However, implementation of AI/ML models in risk assessment is lagging behind. Most AI/ML models are considered 'black boxes' that lack mechanistical explainability, causing risk assessors to have insufficient trust in their predictions. Here, we explore 'trust' as an essential factor towards regulatory acceptance of AI/ML models. We provide an overview of the elements of trust, including technical and beyond-technical aspects, and highlight elements that are considered most important to build trust by risk assessors. The results provide recommendations for risk assessors and computational modelers for future development of AI/ML models, including: 1) Keep models simple and interpretable; 2) Offer transparency in the data and data curation; 3) Clearly define and communicate the scope/intended purpose; 4) Define adoption criteria; 5) Make models accessible and user-friendly; 6) Demonstrate the added value in practical settings; and 7) Engage in interdisciplinary settings. These recommendations should ideally be acknowledged in future developments to stimulate trust and acceptance of AI/ML models for regulatory purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim N H Wassenaar
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Jordi Minnema
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Vriend
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P. O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Kienhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delmaar CJE, Schreurs R, Bakker MI, Minnema J, Bokkers BGH. PACEMweb: a tool for aggregate consumer exposure assessment. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33:971-979. [PMID: 36522445 PMCID: PMC10733135 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To ascertain the safe use of chemicals that are used in multiple consumer products, the aggregate human exposure, arising from combined use of multiple consumer products needs to be assessed. OBJECTIVE In this work the Probabilistic Aggregate Consumer Exposure Model (PACEM) is presented and discussed. PACEM is implemented in the publicly available web tool, PACEMweb, for aggregate consumer exposure assessment. METHODS PACEM uses a person-oriented simulation method that is based on realistic product usage information obtained in surveys from several European countries. PACEM evaluates aggregate exposure in a population considering individual use and co-use patterns as well as variation in product composition. Product usage data is included on personal care products (PCPs) and household cleaning products (HCPs). RESULTS PACEM has been implemented in a web tool that supports broad use in research as well as regulatory risk assessment. PACEM has been evaluated in a number of applications, testing and illustrating the advantage of the person-oriented modeling method. Also, PACEM assessments have been evaluated by comparing its results with biomonitoring information. SIGNIFICANCE PACEM enables the assessment of realistic aggregate exposure to chemicals in consumer products. It provides detailed insight into the distribution of exposure in a population as well as products that contribute the most to exposure. This allows for better informed decision making in the risk management of chemicals. IMPACT Realistic assessment of the total, aggregate exposure of consumers to chemicals in consumer products is necessary to guarantee the safe use of chemicals in these products. PACEMweb provides, for the first time, a publicly available tool to assist in realistic aggregate exposure assessment of consumers to chemicals in consumer products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan J E Delmaar
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel Schreurs
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martine I Bakker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Minnema
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas G H Bokkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Viljanen M, Minnema J, Wassenaar PNH, Rorije E, Peijnenburg W. What is the ecotoxicity of a given chemical for a given aquatic species? Predicting interactions between species and chemicals using recommender system techniques. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2023; 34:765-788. [PMID: 37670728 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2254225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological safety assessment of chemicals requires toxicity data on multiple species, despite the general desire of minimizing animal testing. Predictive models, specifically machine learning (ML) methods, are one of the tools capable of solving this apparent contradiction as they allow to generalize toxicity patterns across chemicals and species. However, despite the availability of large public toxicity datasets, the data is highly sparse, complicating model development. The aim of this study is to provide insights into how ML can predict toxicity using a large but sparse dataset. We developed models to predict LC50-values, based on experimental LC50-data covering 2431 organic chemicals and 1506 aquatic species from the ECOTOX-database. Several well-known ML techniques were evaluated and a new ML model was developed, inspired by recommender systems. This new model involves a simple linear model that learns low-rank interactions between species and chemicals using factorization machines. We evaluated the predictive performances of the developed models based on two validation settings: 1) predicting unseen chemical-species pairs, and 2) predicting unseen chemicals. The results of this study show that ML models can accurately predict LC50-values in both validation settings. Moreover, we show that the novel factorization machine approach can match well-tuned, complex, ML approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Viljanen
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Modelling, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - J Minnema
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - P N H Wassenaar
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Rorije
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W Peijnenburg
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Minnema J, Vandebriel RJ, Boer K, Klerx W, De Jong WH, Delmaar CJE. Physiologically-Based Kinetic Modeling of Intravenously Administered Gold (Au) Nanoparticles. Small 2023; 19:e2207326. [PMID: 36828794 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) modeling is a valuable tool to understand the kinetics of nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo. However, estimating PBK parameters remains challenging and commonly requires animal studies. To develop predictive models to estimate PBK parameter values based on NP characteristics, a database containing PBK parameter values and corresponding NP characteristics is needed. As a first step toward this objective, this study estimates PBK parameters for gold NPs (AuNPs) and provides a comparison of two different NPs. Two animal experiments are conducted in which varying doses of AuNPs attached with polyethylene glycol (PEG) are administered intravenously to rats. The resulting Au concentrations are used to estimate PBK model parameters. The parameters are compared with PBK parameters previously estimated for poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) NPs loaded with cabazitaxel and for LipImage 815. This study shows that a small initial database of PBK parameters collected for three NPs is already sufficient to formulate new hypotheses on NP characteristics that may be predictive of PBK parameter values. Further research should focus on developing a larger database and on developing quantitative models to predict PBK parameter values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minnema
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Boer
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Walther Klerx
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H De Jong
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan J E Delmaar
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, Bilthoven, BA, 3720, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Minnema J, Ernst A, van Eijnatten M, Pauwels R, Forouzanfar T, Batenburg KJ, Wolff J. A review on the application of deep learning for CT reconstruction, bone segmentation and surgical planning in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20210437. [PMID: 35532946 PMCID: PMC9522976 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) allows clinicians to personalize treatments and surgical interventions and has therefore become an increasingly popular treatment modality in maxillofacial surgery. The current maxillofacial CAS consists of three main steps: (1) CT image reconstruction, (2) bone segmentation, and (3) surgical planning. However, each of these three steps can introduce errors that can heavily affect the treatment outcome. As a consequence, tedious and time-consuming manual post-processing is often necessary to ensure that each step is performed adequately. One way to overcome this issue is by developing and implementing neural networks (NNs) within the maxillofacial CAS workflow. These learning algorithms can be trained to perform specific tasks without the need for explicitly defined rules. In recent years, an extremely large number of novel NN approaches have been proposed for a wide variety of applications, which makes it a difficult task to keep up with all relevant developments. This study therefore aimed to summarize and review all relevant NN approaches applied for CT image reconstruction, bone segmentation, and surgical planning. After full text screening, 76 publications were identified: 32 focusing on CT image reconstruction, 33 focusing on bone segmentation and 11 focusing on surgical planning. Generally, convolutional NNs were most widely used in the identified studies, although the multilayer perceptron was most commonly applied in surgical planning tasks. Moreover, the drawbacks of current approaches and promising research avenues are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minnema
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Ernst
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maureen van Eijnatten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Pauwels
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Joost Batenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Wolff
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Minnema J, Borgos SEF, Liptrott N, Vandebriel R, Delmaar C. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of intravenously administered nanoformulated substances. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2132-2144. [PMID: 35551616 PMCID: PMC9360077 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) is becoming increasingly popular in the field of medicine. To improve the understanding on the biodistribution of NBMs, the present study aimed to implement and parametrize a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. This model was used to describe the biodistribution of two NBMs after intravenous administration in rats, namely, poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) loaded with cabazitaxel (PACA-Cbz), and LipImage™ 815. A Bayesian parameter estimation approach was applied to parametrize the PBPK model using the biodistribution data. Parametrization was performed for two distinct dose groups of PACA-Cbz. Furthermore, parametrizations were performed three distinct dose groups of LipImage™ 815, resulting in a total of five different parametrizations. The results of this study indicate that the PBPK model can be adequately parametrized using biodistribution data. The PBPK parameters estimated for PACA-Cbz, specifically the vascular permeability, the partition coefficient, and the renal clearance rate, substantially differed from those of LipImage™ 815. This emphasizes the presence of kinetic differences between the different formulations and substances and the need of tailoring the parametrization of PBPK models to the NBMs of interest. The kinetic parameters estimated in this study may help to establish a foundation for a more comprehensive database on NBM-specific kinetic information, which is a first, necessary step towards predictive biodistribution modeling. This effort should be supported by the development of robust in vitro methods to quantify kinetic parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minnema
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Neill Liptrott
- Immunocompatibility Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rob Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Delmaar
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Minnema J, Wolff J, Koivisto J, Lucka F, Batenburg KJ, Forouzanfar T, van Eijnatten M. Comparison of convolutional neural network training strategies for cone-beam CT image segmentation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 207:106192. [PMID: 34062493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Over the past decade, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized the field of medical image segmentation. Prompted by the developments in computational resources and the availability of large datasets, a wide variety of different two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) CNN training strategies have been proposed. However, a systematic comparison of the impact of these strategies on the image segmentation performance is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to compare eight different CNN training strategies, namely 2D (axial, sagittal and coronal slices), 2.5D (3 and 5 adjacent slices), majority voting, randomly oriented 2D cross-sections and 3D patches. METHODS These eight strategies were used to train a U-Net and an MS-D network for the segmentation of simulated cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images comprising randomly-placed non-overlapping cylinders and experimental CBCT images of anthropomorphic phantom heads. The resulting segmentation performances were quantitatively compared by calculating Dice similarity coefficients. In addition, all segmented and gold standard experimental CBCT images were converted into virtual 3D models and compared using orientation-based surface comparisons. RESULTS The CNN training strategy that generally resulted in the best performances on both simulated and experimental CBCT images was majority voting. When employing 2D training strategies, the segmentation performance can be optimized by training on image slices that are perpendicular to the predominant orientation of the anatomical structure of interest. Such spatial features should be taken into account when choosing or developing novel CNN training strategies for medical image segmentation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will help clinicians and engineers to choose the most-suited CNN training strategy for CBCT image segmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minnema
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam 1081 HV, theNetherlands.
| | - Jan Wolff
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Additive Manufacturing Technologies IAPT, Am Schleusengraben 13, Hamburg 21029, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany; Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Juha Koivisto
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 20560, Finland
| | - Felix Lucka
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), Amsterdam 1090 GB, the Netherlands; University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam 1081 HV, theNetherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Minnema J, van Eijnatten M, der Sarkissian H, Doyle S, Koivisto J, Wolff J, Forouzanfar T, Lucka F, Batenburg KJ. Efficient high cone-angle artifact reduction in circular cone-beam CT using deep learning with geometry-aware dimension reduction. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34107467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac09a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
High cone-angle artifacts (HCAAs) appear frequently in circular cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and can heavily affect diagnosis and treatment planning. To reduce HCAAs in CBCT scans, we propose a novel deep learning approach that reduces the three-dimensional (3D) nature of HCAAs to two-dimensional (2D) problems in an efficient way. Specifically, we exploit the relationship between HCAAs and the rotational scanning geometry by training a convolutional neural network (CNN) using image slices that were radially sampled from CBCT scans. We evaluated this novel approach using a dataset of input CBCT scans affected by HCAAs and high-quality artifact-free target CBCT scans. Two different CNN architectures were employed, namely U-Net and a mixed-scale dense CNN (MS-D Net). The artifact reduction performance of the proposed approach was compared to that of a Cartesian slice-based artifact reduction deep learning approach in which a CNN was trained to remove the HCAAs from Cartesian slices. In addition, all processed CBCT scans were segmented to investigate the impact of HCAAs reduction on the quality of CBCT image segmentation. We demonstrate that the proposed deep learning approach with geometry-aware dimension reduction greatly reduces HCAAs in CBCT scans and outperforms the Cartesian slice-based deep learning approach. Moreover, the proposed artifact reduction approach markedly improves the accuracy of the subsequent segmentation task compared to the Cartesian slice-based workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minnema
- Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen van Eijnatten
- Medical Image Analysis Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Shannon Doyle
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juha Koivisto
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällsströmin katu 2, FI-00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division for Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Additive Manufacturing Technologies IAPT, Am Schleusengraben 13, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovationlab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Lucka
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Kees Joost Batenburg
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Accurate segmentation of the jaw (i.e., mandible and maxilla) and the teeth in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is essential for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Although various (semi)automated methods have been proposed to segment the jaw or the teeth, there is still a lack of fully automated segmentation methods that can simultaneously segment both anatomic structures in CBCT scans (i.e., multiclass segmentation). In this study, we aimed to train and validate a mixed-scale dense (MS-D) convolutional neural network for multiclass segmentation of the jaw, the teeth, and the background in CBCT scans. Thirty CBCT scans were obtained from patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment. Gold standard segmentation labels were manually created by 4 dentists. As a benchmark, we also evaluated MS-D networks that segmented the jaw or the teeth (i.e., binary segmentation). All segmented CBCT scans were converted to virtual 3-dimensional (3D) models. The segmentation performance of all trained MS-D networks was assessed by the Dice similarity coefficient and surface deviation. The CBCT scans segmented by the MS-D network demonstrated a large overlap with the gold standard segmentations (Dice similarity coefficient: 0.934 ± 0.019, jaw; 0.945 ± 0.021, teeth). The MS-D network–based 3D models of the jaw and the teeth showed minor surface deviations when compared with the corresponding gold standard 3D models (0.390 ± 0.093 mm, jaw; 0.204 ± 0.061 mm, teeth). The MS-D network took approximately 25 s to segment 1 CBCT scan, whereas manual segmentation took about 5 h. This study showed that multiclass segmentation of jaw and teeth was accurate and its performance was comparable to binary segmentation. The MS-D network trained for multiclass segmentation would therefore make patient-specific orthodontic treatment more feasible by strongly reducing the time required to segment multiple anatomic structures in CBCT scans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovation Lab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Minnema
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovation Lab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K J Batenburg
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovation Lab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F J Hu
- Institute of Information Technology, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, 3D Innovation Lab, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Minnema J, van Eijnatten M, Hendriksen AA, Liberton N, Pelt DM, Batenburg KJ, Forouzanfar T, Wolff J. Segmentation of dental cone-beam CT scans affected by metal artifacts using a mixed-scale dense convolutional neural network. Med Phys 2019; 46:5027-5035. [PMID: 31463937 PMCID: PMC6900023 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to attain anatomical models, surgical guides and implants for computer-assisted surgery, accurate segmentation of bony structures in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans is required. However, this image segmentation step is often impeded by metal artifacts. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a mixed-scale dense convolutional neural network (MS-D network) for bone segmentation in CBCT scans affected by metal artifacts. METHOD Training data were acquired from 20 dental CBCT scans affected by metal artifacts. An experienced medical engineer segmented the bony structures in all CBCT scans using global thresholding and manually removed all remaining noise and metal artifacts. The resulting gold standard segmentations were used to train an MS-D network comprising 100 convolutional layers using far fewer trainable parameters than alternative convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures. The bone segmentation performance of the MS-D network was evaluated using a leave-2-out scheme and compared with a clinical snake evolution algorithm and two state-of-the-art CNN architectures (U-Net and ResNet). All segmented CBCT scans were subsequently converted into standard tessellation language (STL) models and geometrically compared with the gold standard. RESULTS CBCT scans segmented using the MS-D network, U-Net, ResNet and the snake evolution algorithm demonstrated mean Dice similarity coefficients of 0.87 ± 0.06, 0.87 ± 0.07, 0.86 ± 0.05, and 0.78 ± 0.07, respectively. The STL models acquired using the MS-D network, U-Net, ResNet and the snake evolution algorithm demonstrated mean absolute deviations of 0.44 mm ± 0.13 mm, 0.43 mm ± 0.16 mm, 0.40 mm ± 0.12 mm and 0.57 mm ± 0.22 mm, respectively. In contrast to the MS-D network, the ResNet introduced wave-like artifacts in the STL models, whereas the U-Net incorrectly labeled background voxels as bone around the vertebrae in 4 of the 9 CBCT scans containing vertebrae. CONCLUSION The MS-D network was able to accurately segment bony structures in CBCT scans affected by metal artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minnema
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences3D Innovationlab1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maureen van Eijnatten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences3D Innovationlab1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)1090 GBAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Niels Liberton
- Medical TechnologyAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit Amsterdam3D Innovationlab1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniël M. Pelt
- Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)1090 GBAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tymour Forouzanfar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences3D Innovationlab1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/PathologyAmsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Movement Sciences3D Innovationlab1081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDivision for Regenerative Orofacial MedicineUniversity Hospital Hamburg‐Eppendorf20246HamburgGermany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Additive Manufacturing Technologies IAPTAm Schleusengraben 1321029HamburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Minnema J, van Eijnatten M, Kouw W, Diblen F, Mendrik A, Wolff J. CT image segmentation of bone for medical additive manufacturing using a convolutional neural network. Comput Biol Med 2018; 103:130-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Pagliazzi M, Sekar SKV, Colombo L, Martinenghi E, Minnema J, Erdmann R, Contini D, Mora AD, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Durduran T. Time domain diffuse correlation spectroscopy with a high coherence pulsed source: in vivo and phantom results. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:5311-5325. [PMID: 29188122 PMCID: PMC5695972 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), combined with time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS) or frequency domain spectroscopy, aims at path length (i.e. depth) resolved, non-invasive and simultaneous assessment of tissue composition and blood flow. However, while TRS provides a path length resolved data, the standard DCS does not. Recently, a time domain DCS experiment showed path length resolved measurements for improved quantification with respect to classical DCS, but was limited to phantoms and small animal studies. Here, we demonstrate time domain DCS for in vivo studies on the adult forehead and the arm. We achieve path length resolved DCS by means of an actively mode-locked Ti:Sapphire laser that allows high coherence pulses, thus enabling adequate signal-to-noise ratio in relatively fast (~1 s) temporal resolution. This work paves the way to the translation of this approach to practical in vivo use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Pagliazzi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - L. Colombo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Martinenghi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - J. Minnema
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - D. Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - T. Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|