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Pereira GC, Pereira SP, Pereira FB, Lourenço N, Lumini JA, Pereira CV, Bjork JA, Magalhães J, Ascensão A, Wieckowski MR, Moreno AJ, Wallace KB, Oliveira PJ. Early Cardiac Mitochondrial Molecular and Functional Responses to Acute Anthracycline Treatment in Wistar Rats. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:137-150. [PMID: 30698778 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug widely used to treat human and nonhuman tumors but the late and persistent cardio-toxicity reduces the therapeutic utility of the drug. The full mechanism(s) of DOX-induced acute, subchronic and delayed toxicity, which has a preponderant mitochondrial component, remains unclear; therefore, it is clinically relevant to identify early markers to identify patients who are predisposed to DOX-related cardiovascular toxicity. To address this, Wistar rats (16 weeks old) were treated with a single DOX dose (20 mg/kg, i.p.); then, mRNA, protein levels and functional analysis of mitochondrial endpoints were assessed 24 h later in the heart, liver, and kidney. Using an exploratory data analysis, we observed cardiac-specific alterations after DOX treatment for mitochondrial complexes III, IV, and preferentially for complex I. Conversely, the same analysis revealed complex II alterations are associated with DOX response in the liver and kidney. Interestingly, H2O2 production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain as well as loss of calcium-loading capacity, markers of subchronic toxicity, were not reliable indicators of acute DOX cardiotoxicity in this animal model. By using sequential principal component analysis and feature correlation analysis, we demonstrated for the first time alterations in sets of transcripts and proteins, but not functional measurements, that might serve as potential early acute markers of cardiac-specific mitochondrial toxicity, contributing to explain the trajectory of DOX cardiac toxicity and to develop novel interventions to minimize DOX cardiac liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo C Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.,School of Biochemistry, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco B Pereira
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Polytechnic - ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lourenço
- Centre for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Polo II, Pinhal de Marrocos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A Lumini
- Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,LABIOMEP - Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia V Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.,University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Neurological Research Building, Miami, Florida
| | - James A Bjork
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - José Magalhães
- Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - António J Moreno
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kendall B Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal
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Abstract
The physiopathology of diabetes mellitus has been closely associated with a variety of alterations in mitochondrial histology, biochemistry and function. Generally, the alterations comprise increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation, resulting in oxidative stress and damage; decreased capacity to metabolize lipids, leading to intramyocyte lipid accumulation; and diminished mitochondrial density and reduced levels of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), with consequent impairment in mitochondrial function. Chronic physical exercise is a physiological stimulus able to induce mitochondrial adaptations that can counteract the adverse effects of diabetes on muscle mitochondria. However, the mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial adaptations in the muscles of diabetic patients are still unclear. The main mechanisms by which exercise may be considered an important non-pharmacological strategy for preventing and/or attenuating diabetes-induced mitochondrial impairments may involve (i) increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which is dependent on the increased expression of some important proteins, such as the 'master switch' peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and heat shock proteins (HSPs), both of which are severely downregulated in the muscles of diabetic patients; and (ii) the restoration or attenuation of the low UCP3 expression in skeletal muscle mitochondria of diabetic patients, which is suggested to play a pivotal role in mitochondrial dysfunction.There is evidence that chronic exercise and lifestyle interventions reverse impairments in mitochondrial density and size, in the activity of respiratory chain complexes and in cardiolipin content; however, the mechanisms by which chronic exercise alters mitochondrial respiratory parameters, mitochondrial antioxidant systems and other specific proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism in the muscles of diabetic patients remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Lumini
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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