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Dorosz D, Kochanowicz M, Valiente R, Diego-Rucabado A, Rodríguez F, Siñeriz-Niembro N, Espeso JI, Lesniak M, Miluski P, Conzendorf S, Posseckardt J, Liao Z, Jimenez GL, Müller R, Lorenz M, Schwuchow A, Leich M, Lorenz A, Wondraczek K, Jäger M. Pr 3+-doped YPO 4 nanocrystal embedded into an optical fiber. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7404. [PMID: 38548783 PMCID: PMC10978988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57307-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical fiber with YPO4:Pr3+ nanocrystals (NCs) is presented for the first time using the glass powder-NCs doping method. The method's advantage is separate preparation of NCs and glass to preserve luminescent and optical properties of NCs once they are incorporated into optical fiber. The YPO4:Pr3+ nanocrystals were synthesized by the co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, optimized for size (< 100 nm), shape, Pr3+ ions concentration (0.2 mol%), and emission lifetime. The core glass was selected from the non-silica P2O5-containing system with refractive index (n = 1.788) close to the NCs (no = 1.657, ne = 1.838). Optical fiber was drawn by modified powder-in-tube method after pre-sintering of glass powder-YPO4:Pr3+ (wt 3%) mixture to form optical fiber preform. Luminescent properties of YPO4:Pr3+ and optical fiber showed their excellent agreement, including sharp Pr3+ emission at 600 nm (1D2-3H4) and 1D2 level lifetime (τ = 156 ± 5 µs) under 488 nm excitation. The distribution of the YPO4:Pr3+ NCs in optical fiber were analyzed by TEM-EDS in the core region (FIB-SEM-prepared). The successful usage of glass powder-NCs doping method was discussed in the aspect of promising properties of the first YPO4:Pr3+ doped optical fiber as a new way to develop active materials for lasing applications, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dorosz
- AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kochanowicz
- Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Rafael Valiente
- University of Cantabria, Avenida. de Los Castros 48., 39005, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Rodríguez
- University of Cantabria, Avenida. de Los Castros 48., 39005, Santander, Spain
| | | | - José I Espeso
- University of Cantabria, Avenida. de Los Castros 48., 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Magdalena Lesniak
- AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Miluski
- Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sylvia Conzendorf
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Str. 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliane Posseckardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Str. 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Str. 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Lorenz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anka Schwuchow
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Leich
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Adrian Lorenz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Wondraczek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Jäger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
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González-Alonso D, Espeso JI, Gavilán H, Zeng LJ, Fernández-Díaz MT, Subías G, de Pedro I, Fernández JR, Bender P, Barquín LF, Johansson C. Identifying the presence of magnetite in an ensemble of iron-oxide nanoparticles: a comparative neutron diffraction study between bulk and nanoscale. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:3491-3496. [PMID: 36133728 PMCID: PMC9419530 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scientific interest in iron-oxides and in particular magnetite has been renewed due to the broad scope of their fascinating properties, which are finding applications in electronics and biomedicine. Specifically, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are gathering attraction in biomedicine. Their cores are usually constituted by a mixture of maghemite and magnetite phases. In view of this, to fine-tune the properties of an ensemble of IONPs towards their applications, it is essential to enhance mass fabrication processes towards the production of monodisperse IONPs with controlled size, shape, and stoichiometry. We exploit the vacancy sensitivity of the Verwey transition to detect the presence of magnetite. Here we provide direct evidence for the Verwey transition in an ensemble of IONPs through neutron diffraction. This transition is observed as a variation in the Fe magnetic moment at octahedral sites and, in turn, gives rise to a change of the net magnetic moment. Finally, we show this variation as the microscopic ingredient driving the characteristic kink that hallmarks the Verwey transition in thermal variation of magnetization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D González-Alonso
- Department CITIMAC, Faculty of Science, University of Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
| | - J I Espeso
- Department CITIMAC, Faculty of Science, University of Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
| | - H Gavilán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM/CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - L J Zeng
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Göteborg Sweden
| | | | - G Subías
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - I de Pedro
- Department CITIMAC, Faculty of Science, University of Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
| | - J Rodríguez Fernández
- Department CITIMAC, Faculty of Science, University of Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
| | - P Bender
- Department CITIMAC, Faculty of Science, University of Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
| | - L Fernández Barquín
- Department CITIMAC, Faculty of Science, University of Cantabria 39005 Santander Spain
| | - C Johansson
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden 411 33 Göteborg Sweden
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Bender P, Fock J, Hansen MF, Bogart LK, Southern P, Ludwig F, Wiekhorst F, Szczerba W, Zeng LJ, Heinke D, Gehrke N, Díaz MTF, González-Alonso D, Espeso JI, Fernández JR, Johansson C. Influence of clustering on the magnetic properties and hyperthermia performance of iron oxide nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:425705. [PMID: 30052525 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad67d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Clustering of magnetic nanoparticles can drastically change their collective magnetic properties, which in turn may influence their performance in technological or biomedical applications. Here, we investigate a commercial colloidal dispersion (FeraSpinTMR), which contains dense clusters of iron oxide cores (mean size around 9 nm according to neutron diffraction) with varying cluster size (about 18-56 nm according to small angle x-ray diffraction), and its individual size fractions (FeraSpinTMXS, S, M, L, XL, XXL). The magnetic properties of the colloids were characterized by isothermal magnetization, as well as frequency-dependent optomagnetic and AC susceptibility measurements. From these measurements we derive the underlying moment and relaxation frequency distributions, respectively. Analysis of the distributions shows that the clustering of the initially superparamagnetic cores leads to remanent magnetic moments within the large clusters. At frequencies below 105 rad s-1, the relaxation of the clusters is dominated by Brownian (rotation) relaxation. At higher frequencies, where Brownian relaxation is inhibited due to viscous friction, the clusters still show an appreciable magnetic relaxation due to internal moment relaxation within the clusters. As a result of the internal moment relaxation, the colloids with the large clusters (FS-L, XL, XXL) excel in magnetic hyperthermia experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bender
- Universidad de Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain
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Echevarria-Bonet C, Rojas DP, Espeso JI, Rodríguez Fernández J, Rodríguez Fernández L, Bauer E, Burdin S, Magalhães SG, Fernández Barquín L. Breakdown of the coherence effects and Fermi liquid behavior in YbAl 3 nanoparticles. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:135604. [PMID: 29460843 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aab0c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A change in the Kondo lattice behavior of bulk YbAl3 has been observed when the alloy is shaped into nanoparticles (≈12 nm). Measurements of the electrical resistivity show inhibited coherence effects and deviation from the standard Fermi liquid behavior (T 2-dependence). These results are interpreted as being due to the effect of the disruption of the periodicity of the array of Kondo ions provoked by the size reduction process. Additionally, the ensemble of randomly placed nanoparticles also triggers an extra source of electronic scattering at very low temperatures (≈15 K) due to quantum interference effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Echevarria-Bonet
- BCMaterials, Bld. Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain. Dpto. CITIMAC, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Echevarria-Bonet C, Rojas DP, Espeso JI, Rodríguez Fernández J, de la Fuente Rodríguez M, Fernández Barquín L, Rodríguez Fernández L, Gorria P, Blanco JA, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Bauer E, Damay F. Magnetic phase diagram of superantiferromagnetic TbCu₂ nanoparticles. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:496002. [PMID: 26593408 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/49/496002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The structural state and static and dynamic magnetic properties of TbCu2 nanoparticles are reported to be produced by mechanical milling under inert atmosphere. The randomly dispersed nanoparticles as detected by TEM retain the bulk symmetry with an orthorhombic Imma lattice and Tb and Cu in the 4e and 8h positions, respectively. Rietveld refinements confirm that the milling produces a controlled reduction of particle sizes reaching ≃6 nm and an increase of the microstrain up to ≃0.6%. The electrical resistivity indicates a metallic behavior and the presence of a magnetic contribution to the electronic scattering which decreases with milling times. The dc-susceptibility shows a reduction of the Néel transition (from 49 K to 43 K) and a progressive increase of a peak (from 9 K to 15 K) in the zero-field-cooled magnetization with size reduction. The exchange anisotropy is very weak (a bias field of ≃30 Oe) and is due to the presence of a disordered (thin) shell coupled to the antiferromagnetic core. The dynamic susceptibility evidences a critical slowing down in the spin-disordered state for the lowest temperature peak associated with a spin glass-like freezing with a tendency of zv and β exponents to increase when the size becomes 6 nm (zv ≃ 6.6 and β ≃ 0.85). A Rietveld analysis of the neutron diffraction patterns 1.8 ≤ T ≤ 60 K, including the magnetic structure determination, reveals that there is a reduction of the expected moment (≃80%), which must be connected to the presence of the disordered particle shell. The core magnetic structure retains the bulk antiferromagnetic arrangement. The overall interpretation is based on a superantiferromagnetic behavior which at low temperatures coexists with a canting of surface moments and a mismatch of the antiferromagnetic sublattices of the nanoparticles. We propose a novel magnetic phase diagram where changes are provoked by a combination of the decrease of size and the increase of microstrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Echevarria-Bonet
- DbibIMAC, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
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Marcano N, Espeso JI, Gómez Sal JC. Revisited magnetic phase diagram for CeNi1-xCux system: spin-glass in the weak interaction limit. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:484004. [PMID: 24201006 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/48/484004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the revisited magnetic phase diagram for the Kondo (ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic) CeNi1−xCux series based on ac–dc magnetization, heat capacity, neutron diffraction and muon spectroscopy down to very low temperatures (~100 mK). An evolution from antiferromagnetism, observed for Cu-rich alloys (0.8 ≤ x ≤ 1), to clustered-ferromagnetism, seen for samples with 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, and then to spin-glass for 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, has been observed. The clustered-ferromagnetic phase emerges from a cluster-glass state without any indication of Curie temperature. For the samples adjacent to the magnetic–nonmagnetic crossover 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, only the cluster-glass state is observed due to the weakening of the RKKY interactions. We discuss the emerging phenomena taking into account the cluster-percolative scenario proposed for this series and the role of the interactions involved along the whole series. The proximity to a T = 0 K spin-glass quantum phase transition in the phase diagram is discussed.
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Rojas DP, Fernández Barquín L, Rodríguez Fernández J, Espeso JI, Gómez Sal JC. Size effects in the magnetic behaviour of TbAl(2) milled alloys. J Phys Condens Matter 2007; 19:186214. [PMID: 21690995 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/19/18/186214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The study of the magnetic properties depending upon mechanical milling of the ferromagnetic polycrystalline TbAl(2) material is reported. Rietveld analysis of the x-ray diffraction data reveals a decrease in the grain size down to 14 nm and a -0.15% variation in the lattice parameter, after 300 h of milling time. Irreversibility in the zero field cooled-field cooled (ZFC-FC) dc susceptibility and clear peaks in the ac susceptibility between 5 and 300 K show that the long-range ferromagnetic structure is inhibited in favour of a disordered spin arrangement below 45 K. This glassy behaviour is also deduced from the variation of the irreversibility transition with the field (H(2/3)) and frequency. The magnetization process of the bulk TbAl(2) is governed by domain-wall thermal activation processes. In contrast, in the milled samples, cluster-glass properties arise as a result of cooperative interactions due to the substitutional disorder. The interactions are also influenced by the nanograin structure of the milled alloys, showing a variation in coercivity with the grain size, below the crossover between the multi- and single-domain behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Rojas
- Departamento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39005, Spain
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Marcano N, Gómez Sal JC, Espeso JI, De Teresa JM, Algarabel PA, Paulsen C, Iglesias JR. Mesoscopic magnetic states in metallic alloys with strong electronic correlations: a percolative scenario for CeNi 1-x Cux. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:166406. [PMID: 17501442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.166406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present evidence for the existence of magnetic clusters of approximately 20 A in the strongly correlated alloy system CeNi 1-x Cux (0.7<or=x<or=0.2) based on small angle neutron scattering experiments as well as the occurrence of staircaselike hysteresis cycles at very low temperature (100 mK). An unusual feature is the observation of long-range ferromagnetic order below the cluster-glass transition without any indication of a sharp transition at a Curie temperature. These observations strongly support a phenomenological model where a percolative process connects both magnetic states. The model can account for all the puzzling data previously obtained in this system, providing a new perspective with regard to the magnetic ground state of other alloyed compounds with small magnetic moments or weak ferromagnetism with intrinsic disorder effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Marcano
- Departamento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
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De Teresa JM, Algarabel PA, Ritter C, Blasco J, Ibarra MR, Morellon L, Espeso JI, Gómez-Sal JC. Possible quantum critical point in La(2/3)Ca(1/3)Mn(1-x)Ga x O3. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:207205. [PMID: 16090281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.207205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We study the magnetic ground state in La(2/3)Ca(1/3)Mn(1-x)Ga x O3 manganites, where a quantum critical point (QCP) has been theoretically predicted. The metallic ferromagnetic ground state for low Ga doping breaks down for x > or = 0.11, an insulating state being established at low temperatures. Long-range ferromagnetism coexists with short-range magnetic correlations in the concentration range 0.11 < or = x < or = 0.145 while only the short-range correlations survive for x > or = 0.16. We discuss the implications of such a QCP to the physics of manganites and compare to other QCP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M De Teresa
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Espeso JI, Cloetens P, Baruchel J, Härtwig J, Mairs T, Biasci JC, Marot G, Salomé-Pateyron M, Schlenker M. Conserving the coherence and uniformity of third-generation synchrotron radiation beams: the case of ID19, a 'long' beamline at the ESRF. J Synchrotron Radiat 1998; 5:1243-9. [PMID: 16687829 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049598002271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/1997] [Accepted: 02/05/1998] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The lateral coherence length is of the order of 100 micron at the 'long' (145 m) ID19 beamline of the ESRF, which is mainly devoted to imaging. Most of the optical elements located along the X-ray path can thus act as ;phase objects', and lead to spurious contrast and/or to coherence degradation, which shows up as an enhanced effective angular size of the source. Both the spurious contrast and the coherence degradation are detrimental for the images (diffraction topographs, tomographs, phase-contrast images) produced at this beamline. The problems identified and the way they were solved during the commissioning of ID19 are reported. More particularly, the role of the protection foils located in the front end, the beryllium windows, the filters and the monochromator defects (scratches, dust, small vibrations) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Espeso
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France
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Blanco JA, Espeso JI, Lester C, McEwen KA, Patrikios N. Specific heat of CeNixPt1-x pseudobinary compounds and related dilute alloys. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:15126-15132. [PMID: 10010620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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