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Zhang X, Zhao X, Baldwin D, McBride S, Bellizzi J, Cochran ES, Luco N, Wood M, Cova TJ. Modeling protective action decision-making in earthquakes by using explainable machine learning and video data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5480. [PMID: 38443467 PMCID: PMC10914816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Earthquakes pose substantial threats to communities worldwide. Understanding how people respond to the fast-changing environment during earthquakes is crucial for reducing risks and saving lives. This study aims to study people's protective action decision-making in earthquakes by leveraging explainable machine learning and video data. Specifically, this study first collected real-world CCTV footage and video postings from social media platforms, and then identified and annotated changes in the environment and people's behavioral responses during the M7.1 2018 Anchorage earthquake. By using the fully annotated video data, we applied XGBoost, a widely-used machine learning method, to model and forecast people's protective actions (e.g., drop and cover, hold on, and evacuate) during the earthquake. Then, explainable machine learning techniques were used to reveal the complex, nonlinear relationships between different factors and people's choices of protective actions. Modeling results confirm that social and environmental cues played critical roles in affecting the probability of different protective actions. Certain factors, such as the earthquake shaking intensity and number of people shown in the environment, displayed evident nonlinear relationships with the probability of choosing to evacuate. These findings can help emergency managers and policymakers design more effective protective action recommendations during earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Xilei Zhao
- Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Dare Baldwin
- Department of Psychology/Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97405, USA
| | - Sara McBride
- U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Science Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94040, USA
| | - Josephine Bellizzi
- Department of Psychology/Clark Honors College, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97405, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Luco
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Matthew Wood
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Thomas J Cova
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Sujeet K, Vasudev B, Desai P, Bellizzi J, Novoa-Takara L, He C, El-Meanawy A. Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis secondary to adenovirus nephritis in renal transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2010; 13:174-7. [PMID: 20946204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2010.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated adenoviral infection is a serious problem, especially in an immunocompromised host. The disease carries a mortality rate reaching as high as 80%. It is seen most frequently in bone marrow transplant recipients, where it causes pneumonia and disseminated disease. In solid organ transplant recipients it causes graft infection. We report the case of a renal transplant recipient with disseminated adenoviral infection and acute kidney failure requiring dialysis. Reduction of immunosuppression and 1 dose of cidofovir were associated with resolution of viremia and viruria and return of kidney function to near baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sujeet
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Bilic-Curcic I, Kronenberg M, Jiang X, Bellizzi J, Mina M, Marijanovic I, Gardiner EM, Rowe DW. Visualizing levels of osteoblast differentiation by a two-color promoter-GFP strategy: Type I collagen-GFPcyan and osteocalcin-GFPtpz. Genesis 2005; 43:87-98. [PMID: 16149065 DOI: 10.1002/gene.20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A 3.9 kb DNA fragment of human osteocalcin promoter and 3.6 kb DNA fragment of the rat collagen type1a1 promoter linked with visually distinguishable GFP isomers, topaz and cyan, were used for multiplex analysis of osteoblast lineage progression. Three patterns of dual transgene expression can be appreciated in primary bone cell cultures derived from the transgenic mice and by histology of their corresponding bones. Our data support the interpretation that strong pOBCol3.6GFPcyan alone is found in newly formed osteoblasts, while strong pOBCol3.6GFPcyan and hOC-GFPtpz are present in osteoblasts actively making a new matrix. Osteoblasts expressing strong hOC-GFPtpz and weak pOBCol3.6GFPcyan are also present and may or may not be producing mineralized matrix. This multiplex approach reveals the heterogeneity within the mature osteoblast population that cannot be appreciated by current histological methods. It should be useful to identify and isolate populations of cells within an osteoblast lineage as they progress through stages of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bilic-Curcic
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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Hale MS, Bellizzi J. Low dose perphenazine and levodopa/carbidopa therapy in a patient with Parkinsonism and a psychotic illness. J Nerv Ment Dis 1980; 168:312-4. [PMID: 7365497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Psychological morbidity is a common consequence of both Parkinson's disease and its treatment with antiparkinsonian agents. The authors describe an unusual case of a patient with Parkinson's disease and a psychosis who was treated with levodopa/carbidopa and very low dose perphenazine. The case raises the issue whether patients with profound psychological reactions to antiparkinson agents may be maintained on antiparkinsonian therapy by the addition of phenothiazines.
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