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Acosta-Santoyo G, Treviño-Reséndez J, Robles I, Godínez LA, García-Espinoza JD. A review on recent environmental electrochemistry approaches for the consolidation of a circular economy model. Chemosphere 2024; 346:140573. [PMID: 38303389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Availability of raw materials in the chemical industry is related to the selection of the chemical processes in which they are used as well as to the efficiency, cost, and eventual evolution to more competitive dynamics of transformation technologies. In general terms however, any chemically transforming technology starts with the extraction, purification, design, manufacture, use, and disposal of materials. It is important to create a new paradigm towards green chemistry, sustainability, and circular economy in the chemical sciences that help to better employ, reuse, and recycle the materials used in every aspect of modern life. Electrochemistry is a growing field of knowledge that can help with these issues to reduce solid waste and the impact of chemical processes on the environment. Several electrochemical studies in the last decades have benefited the recovery of important chemical compounds and elements through electrodeposition, electrowinning, electrocoagulation, electrodialysis, and other processes. The use of living organisms and microorganisms using an electrochemical perspective (known as bioelectrochemistry), is also calling attention to "mining", through plants and microorganisms, essential chemical elements. New process design or the optimization of the current technologies is a major necessity to enhance production and minimize the use of raw materials along with less generation of wastes and secondary by-products. In this context, this contribution aims to show an up-to-date scenario of both environmental electrochemical and bioelectrochemical processes for the extraction, use, recovery and recycling of materials in a circular economy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Acosta-Santoyo
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC. Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de Las Campanas, SN, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76010, Mexico
| | - José Treviño-Reséndez
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC. Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de Las Campanas, SN, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76010, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC. Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de Las Campanas, SN, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76010, Mexico
| | - Josué D García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC. Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de Las Campanas, SN, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76010, Mexico.
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García-Espinoza JD, Treviño-Reséndez J, Robles I, Acosta-Santoyo G, Godínez LA. A review of electro-Fenton and ultrasound processes: towards a novel integrated technology for wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29877-9. [PMID: 37737947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the presence of persistent dissolved pollutants in water has received increasing attention due to their toxic effects on living organisms. Considering the limitations of conventional wastewater treatment processes for the degradation of these compounds, advanced oxidation processes such as electro-Fenton and sono-chemical process, as well as their combination, appear as potentially effective options for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with bio-recalcitrant pollutants. In view of the importance of the development of processes using real effluents, this review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective of sono-electro-Fenton-related processes applied for real wastewater treatment. In the first section, the fundamentals and effectiveness of both homogeneous and heterogeneous electro-Fenton approaches for the treatment of real wastewater are presented. While the second part of this work describes the fundamentals of ultrasound-based processes, the last section focuses on the coupling of the two methods for real wastewater treatment and on the effect of the main operational parameters of the process. On the basis of the information presented, it is suggested that sono-electro-Fenton processes substantially increase the efficiency of the treatment as well as the biodegradability of the treated wastewater. The combined effect results from mass transfer improvement, electrode cleaning and activation, water electrolysis, and the electro-Fenton-induced production of hydroxyl radicals. The information presented in this work is expected to be useful for closing the gap between laboratory-scale assays and the development of novel wastewater technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué D García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - José Treviño-Reséndez
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila SN, Pedro Escobedo, 76703, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Acosta-Santoyo
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación en Química para la Economía Circular, CIQEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, 76010, Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Banda-Alemán JA, Camacho-Callejas M, Salazar-López ML, Robles I, Acosta-Santoyo G, García-Espinoza JD, Rodríguez-Valadez FJ, Manriquez J, Godínez LA. Alternating polarization of Fe modified carbon fiber materials. towards the development of single-electrode electro-Fenton batch reactors. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Robles I, Moreno-Rubio G, García-Espinoza JD, Martínez-Sánchez C, Rodríguez A, Meas-Vong Y, Rodríguez-Valadez FJ, Godínez LA. Study of polarized activated carbon filters as simultaneous adsorbent and 3D-type electrode materials for electro-Fenton reactors. J Environ Chem Eng 2020; 8:104414. [PMID: 33014705 PMCID: PMC7511598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electro-Fenton (EF) based water treatment processes using activated carbon (AC) packed beds constitute an attractive approach for the development of competitive degradation technology of persistent pollutants in aqueous effluents. In this work, the results of a study aimed to assess the effect on the EF performance of different parameters of the reactor's operation are presented. By means of a factorial experimental design, the influence of the AC source (lignitic or vegetal), AC acid pre-treatment, particle size distribution and the amount of Fe loaded resin in the reactor were analyzed. From the resulting data it was found that the most influential parameter in the EF performance of the reactor is the AC source. Modest effects were observed for AC acid pre-treatment, which limits Fe ion adsorption on the AC substrate. The use of a wide particle distribution of AC particles was also found to improve inter-particle electrical contact, thus favoring the electrochemical processes that take place inside the reactor. An investigation on the effect of the amount of Fe in the reactor as well as its distribution dynamics, also revealed that an excess of Fe ions in the reactor decreases the EF performance of the system since Fe ions efficiently adsorb on the AC substrate, particularly in non- acid treated samples. The best operation conditions consisted on using un-meshed vegetable AC, without acid pretreatment in an EF reactor loaded with 0.25 g of Fe, which allowed to reach full color removal of bright blue FCP model dye in 70 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Moreno-Rubio
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Josué D. García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - A. Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Yunny Meas-Vong
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-Valadez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
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Robles I, Becerra E, Barrios JA, Maya C, Jiménez B, Rodríguez-Valadez FJ, Rivera F, García-Espinoza JD, Godínez LA. Inactivation of helminth eggs in an electro-Fenton reactor: Towards full electrochemical disinfection of human waste using activated carbon. Chemosphere 2020; 250:126260. [PMID: 32105860 PMCID: PMC7221348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The disinfection of helminth eggs and Escherichia coli contaminated aqueous solutions, was studied using an electro-Fenton reactor equipped with a polarized activated carbon (AC) packed bed and two chambers loaded with cation exchange resins. Experiments using different arrangements and operation conditions, revealed that effective elimination of Escherichia coli takes place in all electrochemical disinfection tests. For the more resistant helminth eggs however, adsorption, electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton experiments showed retention within the reactor and pathogen inactivation values of 0, 16, and 25%, respectively. Using helminth eggs concentration data in different sections of the reactor, optical microscopy analysis and an exploratory computer simulation, differences in the disinfection performance were explained and new recirculation and flow direction and polarization switching operation schemes were defined. The corresponding experiments revealed that the effective coupling between adsorption and electro-Fenton phenomena, all along the AC packed bed compartment, results in 100% inactivation of helminth eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Becerra
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - J A Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - C Maya
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - B Jiménez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Valadez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Josué D García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico.
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García-Espinoza JD, Robles I, Gil V, Becerril-Bravo E, Barrios JA, Godínez LA. Electrochemical degradation of triclosan in aqueous solution. A study of the performance of an electro-Fenton reactor. J Environ Chem Eng 2019; 7:103228. [PMID: 31417846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The electro-Fenton degradation of Triclosan in aqueous solution was studied using a cylindrical reactor in which polarized carbon cloth electrodes and a cation exchange resin were employed. Using a factorial design of experiments approach, the effect of four variables (considering two levels for each one), was measured on four response parameters that reflect the electrooxidation efficiency of the electrochemical reactor. The results revealed that in all cases triclosan degradation was very efficient (above 95%) and that while there is a reasonable effect of all variables and their interactions, the one with the strongest influence on the process is the nature and magnitude of the ionic strength of the electrolytic solution. In this way, while the presence of a buffer species in this solution can keep the pH in a value that affects the generation of •OH radicals from the Fenton mixture, a high ionic strength solution can promote the elimination of Fe ionic species from the reactor by decreasing resin Fe retention due to competition effects of other ions for the binding sites of the substrate. HPLC experiments of the effluent solutions, also revealed that the degradation by-products of triclosan were dependent on the nature and ionic strength of the electrolytic solution in the electro-Fenton process under study. Finally, comparison of the different operation modes, also suggested that electro-adsorption of Fe cationic species in the negatively polarized cathode surface, is the main factor that controls Fe ion retention within the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué D García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
| | - Víctor Gil
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
| | - Elías Becerril-Bravo
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jose A Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
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García-Espinoza JD, Robles I, Gil V, Becerril-Bravo E, Barrios JA, Godínez LA. Electrochemical degradation of triclosan in aqueous solution. A study of the performance of an electro-Fenton reactor. J Environ Chem Eng 2019; 7:103228. [PMID: 31417846 PMCID: PMC6686627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The electro-Fenton degradation of Triclosan in aqueous solution was studied using a cylindrical reactor in which polarized carbon cloth electrodes and a cation exchange resin were employed. Using a factorial design of experiments approach, the effect of four variables (considering two levels for each one), was measured on four response parameters that reflect the electrooxidation efficiency of the electrochemical reactor. The results revealed that in all cases triclosan degradation was very efficient (above 95%) and that while there is a reasonable effect of all variables and their interactions, the one with the strongest influence on the process is the nature and magnitude of the ionic strength of the electrolytic solution. In this way, while the presence of a buffer species in this solution can keep the pH in a value that affects the generation of •OH radicals from the Fenton mixture, a high ionic strength solution can promote the elimination of Fe ionic species from the reactor by decreasing resin Fe retention due to competition effects of other ions for the binding sites of the substrate. HPLC experiments of the effluent solutions, also revealed that the degradation by-products of triclosan were dependent on the nature and ionic strength of the electrolytic solution in the electro-Fenton process under study. Finally, comparison of the different operation modes, also suggested that electro-adsorption of Fe cationic species in the negatively polarized cathode surface, is the main factor that controls Fe ion retention within the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué D. García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
| | - Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
| | - Víctor Gil
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
| | - Elías Becerril-Bravo
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jose A. Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Qro. Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, QRO, Mexico
- Corresponding author.
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García-Espinoza JD, Gortáres-Moroyoqui P, Orta-Ledesma MT, Drogui P, Mijaylova-Nacheva P. Electrochemical removal of carbamazepine in water with Ti/PbO2 cylindrical mesh anode. Water Sci Technol 2016; 73:1155-1165. [PMID: 26942539 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most frequently detected organic compounds in the aquatic environment. Due to its bio-persistence and toxicity for humans and the environment its removal has become an important issue. The performance of the electrochemical oxidation process and in situ production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O3 and H2O2, for CBZ removal have been studied using Ti/PbO2 cylindrical mesh anode in the presence of Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte in a batch electrochemical reactor. In this integrated process, direct oxidation at anode and indirect oxidation by in situ electrogenerated ROS can occur simultaneously. The effect of several factors such as electrolysis time, current intensity, initial pH and oxygen flux was investigated by means of an experimental design methodology, using a 2(4) factorial matrix. CBZ removal of 83.93% was obtained and the most influential parameters turned out to be electrolysis time, current intensity and oxygen flux. Later, the optimal experimental values for CBZ degradation were obtained by means of a central composite design. The best operating conditions, analyzed by Design Expert(®) software, are the following: 110 min of electrolysis at 3.0 A, pH = 7.05 and 2.8 L O2/min. Under these optimal conditions, the model prediction (82.44%) fits very well with the experimental response (83.90 ± 0.8%). Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand decrease was quantified. Our results illustrated significant removal efficiency for the CBZ in optimized condition with second order kinetic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D García-Espinoza
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos 62550, Mexico E-mail:
| | - P Gortáres-Moroyoqui
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON), 5 de Febrero 818 Sur C.P., Cuidad Obregón, Sonora 85000, Mexico
| | - M T Orta-Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - P Drogui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-Eau Terre et Environnement), 8 Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - P Mijaylova-Nacheva
- Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, Col. Progreso, Jiutepec, Morelos 62550, Mexico
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