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García-Ávila J, González-Gallegos CP, Segura-Ibarra V, Vazquez E, Garcia-Lopez E, Rodríguez CA, Vargas-Martínez A, Cuan-Urquizo E, Ramírez-Cedillo E. Dynamic topology optimization of 3D-Printed transtibial orthopedic implant using tunable isotropic porous metamaterials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106479. [PMID: 38492502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the design and manufacturing process of a transtibial orthopedic implant. We used medical-grade polyurethane polymer resin to fabricate a 3D porous architected implant with tunable isotropy, employing a high-speed printing method known as Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP). Our objective is to enhance the weight-bearing capabilities of the bone structures in the residual limb, thereby circumventing the traditional reliance on a natural bridge. To achieve a custom-made design, we acquire the topology and morphology of the residual limb as well as the bone structure of the tibia and fibula, utilizing computed tomography (CT) and high-resolution 3D scanning. We employed a dynamic topological optimization method, informed by gait cycle data, to effectively reduce the mass of the implant. This approach, which differs from conventional static methods, enables the quantification of variations in applied forces over time. Using the Euler-Lagrange energy approach, we propose the equations of motion for a homologous multibody model with three degrees of freedom. The versatility of the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method facilitates the integration of homogenization methods for microscale porous architectures into the optimized domain. The design of these porous architectures is based on a bias-driven tuning symmetry isotropy of a Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (Schwarz Primitive surface). The internal porosity of the structure significantly reduces weight without compromising the isotropic behavior of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué García-Ávila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2004, USA
| | | | - Victor Segura-Ibarra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Elisa Vazquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Erika Garcia-Lopez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ciro A Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, Monterrey, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADiT), Autopista Al Aeropuerto, Km., 9.5, Calle Alianza Norte #100, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, 66629, Mexico
| | - Adriana Vargas-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Enrique Cuan-Urquizo
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Erick Ramírez-Cedillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, Monterrey, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital (MADiT), Autopista Al Aeropuerto, Km., 9.5, Calle Alianza Norte #100, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, 66629, Mexico; 3D Factory, Ramón Treviño 1109, Monterrey, Mexico.
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García-Ávila J, Torres Serrato DDJ, Rodriguez CA, Martínez AV, Cedillo ER, Martínez-López JI. Predictive Modeling of Soft Stretchable Nanocomposites Using Recurrent Neural Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235290. [PMID: 36501684 PMCID: PMC9740639 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is characterized by rough, elastic, and uneven features that are difficult to recreate using conventional manufacturing technologies and rigid materials. The use of soft materials is a promising alternative to produce devices that mimic the tactile capabilities of biological tissues. Although previous studies have revealed the potential of fillers to modify the properties of composite materials, there is still a gap in modeling the conductivity and mechanical properties of these types of materials. While traditional Finite Element approximations can be used, these methodologies tend to be highly demanding of time and processing power. Instead of this approach, a data-driven learning-based approximation strategy can be used to generate prediction models via neural networks. This paper explores the fabrication of flexible nanocomposites using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) loadings (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.%). Simple Recurrent Neural Networks (SRNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) models were formulated, trained, and tested to obtain the predictive sequence data of out-of-plane quasistatic mechanical tests. Finally, the model learned is applied to a dynamic system using the Kelvin-Voight model and the phenomenon known as the bouncing ball. The best predictive results were achieved using a nonlinear activation function in the SRNN model implementing two units and 4000 epochs. These results suggest the feasibility of a hybrid approach of analogy-based learning and data-driven learning for the design and computational analysis of soft and stretchable nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué García-Ávila
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2004, USA
| | - Diego de Jesus Torres Serrato
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ciro A. Rodriguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
| | - Adriana Vargas Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
| | - Erick Ramírez Cedillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
- 3D Factory, Ramon Treviño 1109, Monterrey 64580, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.R.C.); (J.I.M.-L.)
| | - J. Israel Martínez-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
- 3D Factory, Ramon Treviño 1109, Monterrey 64580, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Numericalc, 5 de mayo 912 Oriente, Monterrey 64000, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.R.C.); (J.I.M.-L.)
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