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Nana T, Moore C, Boyles T, Brink AJ, Cleghorn J, Devenish LM, du Toit B, Fredericks ES, Lekalakala-Mokaba MR, Maluleka C, Rajabally MN, Reubenson G, Shuping L, Swart K, Swe Han KS, Wadula J, Wojno J, Lowman W. South African Society of Clinical Microbiology Clostridioides difficile infection diagnosis, management and infection prevention and control guideline. S Afr J Infect Dis 2020; 35:219. [PMID: 34485483 PMCID: PMC8378053 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v35i1.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a problem in both developed and developing countries and is a common hospital-acquired infection. This guideline provides evidence-based practical recommendations for South Africa and other developing countries. The scope of the guideline includes CDI diagnostic approaches; adult, paediatric and special populations treatment options; and surveillance and infection prevention and control recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trusha Nana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital Microbiology Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Tom Boyles
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Brink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joy Cleghorn
- Life Healthcare Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lesley M. Devenish
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Infection Control Services Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Ernst S. Fredericks
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Molebogeng R. Lekalakala-Mokaba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital Microbiology Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Caroline Maluleka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital Microbiology Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Gary Reubenson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Liliwe Shuping
- Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karin Swart
- Netcare Hospitals Limited, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Khine Swe Swe Han
- Medical Microbiology Department, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital Academic Complex, National Health Laboratory Services, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jeannette Wadula
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Microbiology Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Warren Lowman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, PathCare/Vermaak Pathologists, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Prevention and Control, WITS Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Govender NP, Avenant T, Brink A, Chibabhai V, Cleghorn J, du Toit B, Govind C, Lewis E, Lowman W, Mahlangu H, Maslo C, Messina A, Mer M, Pieton K, Seetharam S, Sriruttan C, Swart K, van Schalkwyk E. Federation of Infectious Diseases Societies of Southern Africa guideline: Recommendations for the detection, management and prevention of healthcare-associated Candida auris colonisation and disease in South Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis 2019; 34:163. [PMID: 34485460 PMCID: PMC8377779 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v34i1.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris has been detected at almost 100 South African hospitals, causing large outbreaks in some facilities, and this pathogen now accounts for approximately 1 in 10 cases of candidaemia. The objective of this guideline is to provide updated, evidence-informed recommendations outlining a best-practice approach to prevent, diagnose and manage C. auris disease in public- and private-sector healthcare settings in South Africa. The 18 practical recommendations cover five focus areas: laboratory identification and antifungal susceptibility testing, surveillance and outbreak response, infection prevention and control, clinical management and antifungal stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelesh P Govender
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses, Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Theunis Avenant
- Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adrian Brink
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Ampath Laboratories, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vindana Chibabhai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joy Cleghorn
- Life Healthcare Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Elsie Lewis
- Steve Biko Pretoria Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Warren Lowman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,WITS Donald Gordon Medical Centre and Vermaak and Partners Pathologists, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Angeliki Messina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Netcare Hospitals Limited, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mervyn Mer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kim Pieton
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Charlotte Sriruttan
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses], a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karin Swart
- Netcare Hospitals Limited, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Erika van Schalkwyk
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses], a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Cleghorn J. Contracting out. Getting what we pay for. Health Soc Serv J 1985; 95:1016-7. [PMID: 10273757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Cleghorn J. The Government of India and the Plague. West J Med 1897. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.1912.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cleghorn J. "Enteric" Fever among Natives. Ind Med Gaz 1885; 20:342-344. [PMID: 29001315 PMCID: PMC5184601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cleghorn
- Civil Surgeon, Allahabad. Offg. Supdt., General Hospital, Calcutta
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Cleghorn J. Where Is Urea Formed? Ind Med Gaz 1885; 20:176. [PMID: 29001394 PMCID: PMC5184712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cleghorn J. The Execretion of Urea in Natives. Ind Med Gaz 1885; 20:103-105. [PMID: 29001331 PMCID: PMC5184621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Excision of Tongue by Scissors by Billroth's Method. Ind Med Gaz 1884; 19:252-253. [PMID: 28999257 PMCID: PMC5166963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Enteric Fever in Civil Practice. Ind Med Gaz 1879; 14:31-33. [PMID: 28998645 PMCID: PMC5146418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Case of Stricture of the Œsophagus. Ind Med Gaz 1878; 13:16-17. [PMID: 28997415 PMCID: PMC5130636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Case of Madura Foot. Ind Med Gaz 1874; 9:260-261. [PMID: 28995122 PMCID: PMC5128298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cleghorn J. A Case of Aneurism of the Ascending Aorta. Ind Med Gaz 1874; 9:65-67. [PMID: 28994929 PMCID: PMC5128053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Hæpatic Abscess in Natives. Ind Med Gaz 1873; 8:207-208. [PMID: 28996855 PMCID: PMC5175640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Post-Mortem Delivery. Ind Med Gaz 1872; 7:178. [PMID: 28995433 PMCID: PMC5132990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Cases of Datura Poisoning, with Remarks on the Antidote. Ind Med Gaz 1871; 6:209. [PMID: 28995659 PMCID: PMC5160279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Simple Epileptiform Neuralgia (Trousseau). Ind Med Gaz 1871; 6:182-183. [PMID: 28995642 PMCID: PMC5160257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Amputation at the Lower Third of Thigh, by a Long Anterior Flap. Ind Med Gaz 1870; 5:252. [PMID: 28996371 PMCID: PMC5165533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Remarks on Tænia Echinococcus. Ind Med Gaz 1870; 5:205. [PMID: 28996425 PMCID: PMC5165599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Bite from a Snake Said to Have Been Poisonous; Liquor Ammoniæ Treatment; Recovery. Ind Med Gaz 1870; 5:131. [PMID: 28996258 PMCID: PMC5165395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cleghorn J. Remarks on the Temperature, Pulse, and Respirations in Healthy Sepoys. Ind Med Gaz 1870; 5:77. [PMID: 28996335 PMCID: PMC5165491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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