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Ramos Guerrero FG, Signorini M, Garre A, Sant'Ana AS, Ramos Gorbeña JC, Silva Jaimes MI. Quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment caused by fungi in sports drinks through multilevel modelling. Food Microbiol 2023; 116:104368. [PMID: 37689415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The risk of fungal spoilage of sports drinks produced in the beverage industry was assessed using quantitative microbial spoilage risk assessment (QMSRA). The most relevant pathway was the contamination of the bottles during packaging by mould spores in the air. Mould spores' concentration was estimated by longitudinal sampling for 6 years (936 samples) in different production areas and seasons. This data was analysed using a multilevel model that separates the natural variability in spore concentration (as a function of sampling year, season, and area) and the uncertainty of the sampling method. Then, the expected fungal contamination per bottle was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation, considering their settling velocity and the time and exposure area. The product's shelf life was estimated through the inoculation of bottles with mould spores, following the determination of the probability of visual spoilage as a function of storage time at 20 and 30 °C using logistic regression. The Monte Carlo model estimated low expected spore contamination in the product (1.7 × 10-6 CFU/bottle). Nonetheless, the risk of spoilage is still relevant due to the large production volume and because, as observed experimentally, even a single spore has a high spoilage potential. The applicability of the QMSRA during daily production was made possible through the simplification of the model under the hypothesis that no bottle will be contaminated by more than one spore. This simplification allows the calculation of a two-dimensional performance objective that combines the spore concentration in the air and the exposure time, defining "acceptable combinations" according to an acceptable level of spoilage (ALOS; the proportion of spoiled bottles). The implementation of the model at the operational level was done through the representation of the simplified model as a two-dimensional diagram that defines acceptable and unacceptable areas. The innovative methodology employed here for defining and simplifying QMSRA models can be a blueprint for future studies aiming to quantify the risk of spoilage of other beverages with a similar scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix G Ramos Guerrero
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru; Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación de Bacteriología Alimentaria (CLEIBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jirón Puno 1002, Lima 1, Peru.
| | - Marcelo Signorini
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P. Kreder 2805 (3080), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto Garre
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (ETSIA), Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan C Ramos Gorbeña
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru
| | - Marcial I Silva Jaimes
- Research Group in Microbiology, Food Safety and Food Protection, Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Peru; Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenida La Molina s/n, Lima 12, Peru
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Mondragón-Martínez A, Dávila-Rios M, Martínez-Rojas R, Cruz-Neyra L, Ramos Gorbeña JC, Dávila-Robles M, García-Candela E, De-Los-Santos ER, Delgado-Escalante A, Sanchez-Venegas JR, Pulido-Murillo EA. Using DNA barcoding to link cystacanths and adults of the acanthocephalan Corynosoma australe of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean (off Peru coast). Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07889-1. [PMID: 37291358 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to use DNA barcoding to link cystacanths and adults belonging to the acanthocephalans Corynosoma australe found in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off the coast central from Peru. We sampled three species of commercial fish (Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner), Paralabrax humeralis (Valenciennes), and Cheilodactylus variegatus (Valenciennes)) and two South American sea lions, Otaria byronia, stranded on the beaches of the city of Huacho and Barranca, Lima province. A total of 509 acanthocephalan larvae were found in the body cavity of 95 fish (prevalence 54.28%, total mean intensity 8.64). A total of 127 adult worms were found in the large intestine from two South American sea lions (P= 100%, MI= 63.5). A total of 203 larvae from P. humeralis were isolates (P=65.71%; MI= 8.83; MA=5.8), 235 (P=54.29%; MI= 12.37; MA= 6.71) from C. variegatus, and 71 (P=42.86%; MI= 4.73; MA= 2.03) from P. adspersus. All adult and larval specimens were morphologically identified as C. australe. They were generated cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene sequences of specimens and were compared with available data from GenBank. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supported our morphological identification, where the Peruvian isolates formed a clade with other isolates of C. australe from other countries of the American continent. Of the sequences obtained, two haplotypes were detected and were not identical with previous reports. Based on both DNA barcoding and morphological analyses, our finding represents the first molecular data of C. australe from Peru and the report of Cheilodactylus variegatus as a new paratenic host on the central coast, extending the knowledge and distribution range of this acanthocephalan in Southeastern Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarón Mondragón-Martínez
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru.
- Laboratory of Parasitology in Wildlife and Zoonoses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
- Research and Development Department, Natural Environment, Pedro Benvenuto 381 Street, San Miguel, Lima, Peru.
| | - Martín Dávila-Rios
- Laboratory of Parasitology in Wildlife and Zoonoses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosa Martínez-Rojas
- Laboratory of Parasitology in Wildlife and Zoonoses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru
| | - Lidia Cruz-Neyra
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan C Ramos Gorbeña
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Dávila-Robles
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru
| | - Enrique García-Candela
- Laboratory of Parasitology in Wildlife and Zoonoses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Estrellita Rojas De-Los-Santos
- Laboratory of Parasitology in Wildlife and Zoonoses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Research and Development Department, Natural Environment, Pedro Benvenuto 381 Street, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
| | - Abraham Delgado-Escalante
- Laboratory of Parasitology in Wildlife and Zoonoses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Research and Development Department, Natural Environment, Pedro Benvenuto 381 Street, San Miguel, Lima, Peru
| | - J R Sanchez-Venegas
- Laboratory of Parasitology in Wildlife and Zoonoses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Eduardo A Pulido-Murillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru
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Ramos Guerrero FG, López Flores BC, Ramos Gorbeña JC, Silva Jaimes MI. Factors That Affect the Microbiological Stability of Chicha Morada during Its Production on an Industrial Scale: A Review. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2151-2158. [PMID: 34347861 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chicha morada, also known as purple corn drink (PCD), is a traditional noncarbonated beverage commonly prepared at homes and restaurants in Peru. However, in recent years, it is being produced at an industrial scale aiming to extend its shelf life, expand its marketing, and make it known worldwide. Traditionally, this beverage, whose main component is purple corn (Zea mays L.), was made and consumed quickly and in some cases, stored under refrigeration until consumption, but never beyond 24 to 48 h. With its industrialization, factories are presented with challenges to design and provide adequate protection of the beverage, assuring its quality and safety. Although its production at an industrial level is similar to that of other noncarbonated drinks containing fruit juice, several processing factors could affect the microbiological stability desired for this beverage, such as the storage of the purple corn drink extract. In this document, a critical review of the production process (raw materials, production stages, and forms of commercialization) that can directly affect the contamination of the beverage is made. Recommendations are made for improving the control points in the industrial process and to avoid potential microbiological problems. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix G Ramos Guerrero
- Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Perú.,Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación de Bacteriología Alimentaria (CLEIBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jirón Puno 1002, Lima 1, Perú
| | - Benedicta C López Flores
- Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación de Bacteriología Alimentaria (CLEIBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jirón Puno 1002, Lima 1, Perú
| | - Juan C Ramos Gorbeña
- Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Perú
| | - Marcial I Silva Jaimes
- Instituto de Control y Certificación de la Calidad e Inocuidad Alimentaria (ICCCIA), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Avenida Benavides 5440, Urbanización Las Gardenias, Lima 33, Perú.,Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenida La Molina s/n, Lima 12, Perú
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