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Alessi CA, Fung CH, Dzierzewski JM, Fiorentino L, Stepnowsky C, Rodriguez Tapia JC, Song Y, Zeidler MR, Josephson K, Mitchell MN, Jouldjian S, Martin JL. Randomized controlled trial of an integrated approach to treating insomnia and improving the use of positive airway pressure therapy in veterans with comorbid insomnia disorder and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa235. [PMID: 33221910 PMCID: PMC8033453 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) for comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has had mixed results. We integrated CBTI with a positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence program and tested effects on sleep and PAP use. METHODS 125 veterans (mean age 63.2, 96% men, 39% non-Hispanic white, 26% black/African American, 18% Hispanic/Latino) with comorbid insomnia and newly-diagnosed OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15) were randomized to 5-weekly sessions integrating CBTI with a PAP adherence program provided by a "sleep coach" (with behavioral sleep medicine supervision), or 5-weekly sleep education control sessions. Participants and assessment staff were blinded to group assignment. Outcomes (baseline, 3 and 6 months) included Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 7-day sleep diary (sleep onset latency [SOL-D], wake after sleep onset [WASO-D], sleep efficiency [SE-D]), 7-day actigraphy (SE-A), and objective PAP use (hours/night and nights ≥ 4 h). Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire-10 (FOSQ-10) were also collected. RESULTS Compared to controls, intervention participants showed greater improvement (baseline to 3 and 6 months, respectively) in PSQI (-3.2 and -1.7), SOL-D (-16.2 and -15.5 minutes), SE-D (10.5% and 8.5%), SE-A (4.4% and 2.6%) and more 90-day PAP use (1.3 and 0.9 more hours/night, 17.4 and 11.3 more nights PAP ≥ 4 h). 90-day PAP use at 3 months was 3.2 and 1.9 h/night in intervention versus controls. Intervention participants also had greater improvements in ISI, ESS, and FOSQ-10 (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS An intervention integrating CBTI with a PAP adherence program delivered by a supervised sleep coach improved sleep and PAP use in adults with comorbid insomnia and OSA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govStudy name: Novel Treatment of Comorbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea in Older VeteransURL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=&term=NCT02027558&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=Registration: NCT02027558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy A Alessi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Constance H Fung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Lavinia Fiorentino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Carl Stepnowsky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Yeonsu Song
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michelle R Zeidler
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen Josephson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael N Mitchell
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stella Jouldjian
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jennifer L Martin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Yeung T, Martin JL, Fung CH, Fiorentino L, Dzierzewski JM, Rodriguez Tapia JC, Song Y, Josephson K, Jouldjian S, Mitchell MN, Alessi C. Sleep Outcomes With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Are Similar Between Older Adults With Low vs. High Self-Reported Physical Activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:274. [PMID: 30271340 PMCID: PMC6146107 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether baseline self-reported physical activity is associated with the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in older veterans. Community-dwelling veterans aged 60 years and older with insomnia received CBT-I in a randomized controlled trial. Participants who received active treatment were divided into low and high physical activity based on self-report. Sleep outcomes were measured by sleep diary, questionnaire and wrist actigraphy; collected at baseline, post-treatment, 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Mixed-effects models compared differences between physical activity groups in change in sleep outcome from baseline to each follow-up, and equivalence tests examined if physical activity groups were clinically equal. There were no significant differences in sleep outcomes between physical activity groups. Equivalence tests suggested possible equality in physical activity groups for five of seven sleep outcomes. Efficacy of CBT-I in older veterans was not associated with self-reported physical activity at baseline. Older adults with insomnia who report low levels of physical activity can benefit from CBT-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Yeung
- Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Martin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Constance H Fung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lavinia Fiorentino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joseph M Dzierzewski
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Juan C Rodriguez Tapia
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yeonsu Song
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karen Josephson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States
| | - Stella Jouldjian
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States
| | - Michael N Mitchell
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States
| | - Cathy Alessi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Alessi C, Martin JL, Fiorentino L, Fung CH, Dzierzewski JM, Rodriguez Tapia JC, Song Y, Josephson K, Jouldjian S, Mitchell MN. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Older Veterans Using Nonclinician Sleep Coaches: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:1830-8. [PMID: 27550552 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test a new cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) program designed for use by nonclinicians. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling veterans aged 60 and older who met diagnostic criteria for insomnia of 3 months duration or longer (N = 159). INTERVENTION Nonclinician "sleep coaches" delivered a five-session manual-based CBT-I program including stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep hygiene, and cognitive therapy (individually or in small groups), with weekly telephone behavioral sleep medicine supervision. Controls received five sessions of general sleep education. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcomes, including self-reported (7-day sleep diary) sleep onset latency (SOL-D), wake after sleep onset (WASO-D), total wake time (TWT-D), and sleep efficiency (SE-D); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); and objective sleep efficiency (7-day wrist actigraphy, SE-A) were measured at baseline, at the posttreatment assessment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Additional measures included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)), and quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short-form Survey version 2 (SF-12v2)). RESULTS Intervention subjects had greater improvement than controls between the baseline and posttreatment assessments, the baseline and 6-month assessments, and the baseline and 12-month assessments in SOL-D (-23.4, -15.8, and -17.3 minutes, respectively), TWT-D (-68.4, -37.0, and -30.9 minutes, respectively), SE-D (10.5%, 6.7%, and 5.4%, respectively), PSQI (-3.4, -2.4, and -2.1 in total score, respectively), and ISI (-4.5, -3.9, and -2.8 in total score, respectively) (all P < .05). There were no significant differences in SE-A, PHQ-9, or SF-12v2. CONCLUSION Manual-based CBT-I delivered by nonclinician sleep coaches improves sleep in older adults with chronic insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Alessi
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Jennifer L Martin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lavinia Fiorentino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Constance H Fung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph M Dzierzewski
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juan C Rodriguez Tapia
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yeonsu Song
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen Josephson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stella Jouldjian
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael N Mitchell
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
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