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Ruiz-García A, Arranz-Martínez E, Morales-Cobos LE, García-Álvarez JC, Iturmendi-Martínez N, Rivera-Teijido M. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and their associations with cardiometabolic and renal factors. SIMETAP-OB study. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2022; 34:291-302. [PMID: 35618556 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess weight is a major health problem. Aims of this study were to determine the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, and to compare their associations with cardiometabolic and renal risk factors between obese and non-obese populations, and between overweight and non-overweight populations. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study conducted in Primary Care. Population-based random sample: 6,588 study subjects between 18 and 102 years of age (response rate: 66%). Crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were calculated, and their associations with cardiometabolic and renal variables were assessed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 36.0% (42.1% in men; 33.1% in women) and 25.0% (26.2% in men; 24.5% in women), respectively. These prevalences increased with age, and were higher in men than in women. Fifty-two percent (95%CI: 50.0-53.9) of the overweight population and 62.3% (95%CI: 60.1-64.5) of the obese population had a high or very high cardiovascular risk. Abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, prediabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C were independently associated with both entities. Furthermore, diabetes was independently associated with overweight and hypercholesterolemia with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 61.0% (68.4% in men and 59.0% in women). More than half of the overweight population and nearly two-thirds of the obese population had a high cardiovascular risk. Hyperglycemia, physical inactivity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-C, and hypertriglyceridemia were independently associated with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ruiz-García
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Pinto University Health Center, Pinto, Madrid, Spain.
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Ruiz-Garcia A, Arranz-Martínez E, Iturmendi-Martínez N, Fernández-Vicente T, Rivera-Teijido M, García-Álvarez JC. Tasas de prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica y su asociación con factores cardiometabólicos y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Estudio SIMETAP-ERC. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 2022; 35:64-74. [PMID: 35945036 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem that contributes to the development of cardiovascular disorders such as heart failure and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of CKD and to assess its association with ACVD and cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study conducted in primary care setting. Population-based random sample: 6,588 people between 18 and 102 years old (response rate: 66%). Crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of CKD according to KDIGO were determined by assessing albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate according to CKD-EPI, and their associations with cardiometabolic factors and ACVD were determined. RESULTS The crude prevalence of CKD was 11.48% (95%CI: 10.72-12.27%), without significant difference between men (11.64% [95%CI: 10.49-12.86%]) and women (11.35% [95%CI: 10.34-12.41%]). The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rate of CKD was 9.16% (men: 8.61%; women: 9.69%). The prevalence of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60mL/min/1.73m2) and albuminuria (≥30mg/g) were 7.95% (95%CI: 7.30-8.61) and 5.98% (95%CI: 5.41-6.55), respectively. Hypertension, diabetes, prediabetes, increased waist-to-height ratio, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and ACVD were independently associated with CKD (P<.001). Very high cardiovascular risk according to SCORE was found in 77.51% (95%CI: 74.54-80.49) of the population with CKD. CONCLUSIONS The adjusted prevalence of CKD was 9.2% (low estimated glomerular filtration rate: 8.0%; albuminuria: 6.0%). Most of the patients with CKD had very high cardiovascular risk. Hypertension, diabetes, prediabetes, increased waist-to-height ratio and ACVD were independently associated with CKD.
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Ruiz-García A, Arranz-Martínez E, García-Álvarez JC, García-Fernández ME, Palacios-Martínez D, Montero-Costa A, Ciria-de-Pablo C, López-Uriarte B, García-Pliego RA, Chao-Escuer P, Zafra-Urango C, Alcaraz-Bethencourt A, Redondo-de-Pedro S, Escamilla-Guijarro N, Pascual-Val T, Vieira-Pascual MC, Martínez-Irazusta J, Martínez-Cid-de-Rivera E, Rodríguez-de-Cossío Á, de-Prado-Prieto L, Adrián-Sanz M, Minguela-Puras ME, Blanco-Canseco JM, Rubio-Villar M, Berbil-Bautista ML, Hueso-Quesada R, Plata-Barajas MT, Redondo-Sánchez M, Durán-Tejada MR, García-Redondo MR, Sánchez-Herráiz M, Rey-López AM, García-García-Alcañiz MP, Abad-Schilling C, Hidalgo-Calleja Y, Rivera-Teijido M. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Spanish primary care setting and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. SIMETAP-DM study. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2019; 32:15-26. [PMID: 31130360 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to determine the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of DM, type-1 DM (T1DM), and type-2 DM (T2DM), and to compare the relationship with cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic diseases between populations with and without DM. METHODS SIMETAP-DM is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a Primary Care setting with a random population-based sample of 10,579 adults. Response rate: 66%. The diagnoses of DM, T1DM and T2DM were based on clinical and biochemical criteria and/or the checking of these diagnoses in the medical records. The crude and age- and sex-adjusted (standardised for Spanish population) prevalence rates were calculated. RESULTS The crude prevalence rates of T1DM, T2DM, and DM were 0.87% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.67-1.13), 14.7% (95% CI: 13.9-15.6), and 15.6% (95% CI: 14.7-16.5), respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates of T1DM, T2DM, and DM were 1.0% (1.3% for men and 0.7% for women), 11.5% (13.6% for men and 9.7% for women), and 12.5% (14.9% for men and 10.5% for women), respectively. The prevalence of DM in the population≥70 years was double (30.3% [95% CI: 28.0-32.7]) that of the population between 40 and 69 years (15.3% [95% CI: 14.1-16.5]). Hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, increased waist-to-height ratio, albuminuria, coronary heart disease, atherogenic dyslipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia were associated with DM. CONCLUSIONS In a Spanish primary care setting, the age-adjusted prevalences of T1DM, T2DM and DM in the adult population were 1.0, 11.5, and 12.5%, respectively. One-third (33%) of the population over 70 years had DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ruiz-García
- Centro de Salud Universitario Pinto, Unidad de Lípidos y Prevención Cardiovascular, Pinto, Madrid, España.
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Ruiz-García A, Arranz-Martínez E, Cabrera-Vélez R, Palacios-Martínez D, Rivera-Teijido M, García-Álvarez JC, Morales-Cobos LE, Moreno-Fernández JC, García-Fernández ME, Peña-Antón N, Díez-Pérez MC, Montero-Costa A, Lorenzo-Borda MS, García-Granado MD, Casaseca-Calvo TF, Cique-Herráinz JA, García-Villasur MP, Marañón-Henrich N, Zarzuelo-Martín N, Baltuille-Aller MC, Arribas-Álvaro P, Macho-Barrio AI, Ribot-Catalá C, Capitán-Caldas M, Ciria-de-Pablo C, Sanz-Velasco C, Vargas-Machuca-Cabañero C, Simonaggio-Stancampiano P, Cabello-Igual MP, Sarria-Sánchez MT. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in Spanish primary care setting and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. SIMETAP-ED study. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2019; 31:101-110. [PMID: 30979438 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies conducted in primary care setting report about age-adjusted prevalence rates of erectile dysfunction (ED). Aims of SIMETAP-ED study were to determine crude and age-adjusted prevalence rates of ED diagnosis, to compare these rates with other similar studies, and to compare prevalence rates of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), metabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD) between populations with and without ED. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study conducted in primary care setting. Population-based random sample: 2934 adult men. Response rate: 66%. A clinical interview was conducted to diagnose ED using a question derived from ED definition. The medical records of patients were reviewed to identify their CVRF and diseases associated with ED. The age-adjustments were standardized to Spanish population. RESULTS The prevalence rates of metabolic diseases, CVD, CVRF, and CKD in population with ED were higher than population without ED, highlighting the CVD. The crude prevalence of ED was 17.2% (95% confidence interval: 15.8-18.6). The age-adjusted prevalence rates of ED were 0.71% in men under 40 years, 12.4% in men over 18 years, 10.8% in men aged 40-69 years, 18.9% in men over 40 years, and 48.6% in men over 70 years. CONCLUSIONS SIMETAP-ED study showed association of ED with metabolic diseases, CKD, CVRF, and highlighting CVD. The age-adjusted prevalence of ED was 12.4% in adult men, 19% in men over 40 years, and almost 50% in men over 70 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ruiz-García
- University Health Center Pinto, Lipids and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Madrid Health Service, C/ Marqués, s/n, 28320 Pinto-Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Roberto Cabrera-Vélez
- University Health Center Espronceda, Madrid Health Service, C/ Espronceda 24, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Palacios-Martínez
- University Health Center Isabel II, Madrid Health Service, C/ Isabel II, 15, 28982 Parla-Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rivera-Teijido
- University Health Center Isabel II, Madrid Health Service, C/ Isabel II, 15, 28982 Parla-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Álvarez
- University Health Center Dr. Mendiguchia Carriche, Madrid Health Service, Pza. Comunidad de Madrid s/n, 28914 Leganés-Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Enrique Morales-Cobos
- University Health Center Las Americas, Madrid Health Service, Av. de América, 6, 28981 Parla-Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Peña-Antón
- Health Center El Restón, Madrid Health Service, Av. del Mar Mediterráneo, 1, 28341 Valdemoro-Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Cruz Díez-Pérez
- Health Center Los Cármenes, Madrid Health Service, C/ Vía Carpetana, 202, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan A Cique-Herráinz
- Health Center Torito, Madrid Health Service, Camino de vinateros 140, 28030 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Marañón-Henrich
- Health Center Las Olivas, Madrid Health Service, P° Deleite, 30, 28300 Aranjuez-Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Zarzuelo-Martín
- Health Center Las Olivas, Madrid Health Service, P° Deleite, 30, 28300 Aranjuez-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Arribas-Álvaro
- Health Center Campamento, Madrid Health Service, C/ Mirueña s/n, 28024 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Macho-Barrio
- Health Center Vicente Soldevilla, Madrid Health Service, C/ Sierra de Alquife 8, 28053 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ribot-Catalá
- Health Center Jaime Vera, Madrid Health Service, Av. Europa 1, 28915 Leganés-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Capitán-Caldas
- Health Center Las Ciudades, Madrid Health Service, C/ Palestina s/n, 28903 Getafe-Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ciria-de-Pablo
- Health Center Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid Health Service, Pza. Cervantes s/n, 28260 Hoyo de Manzanares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelina Sanz-Velasco
- University Health Center Sector III, Madrid Health Service, Av. Juan Carlos I, 1, 28905 Getafe-Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paula Simonaggio-Stancampiano
- Health Center San Martin de la Vega, Madrid Health Service, Av. Doce de Octubre, 6, 28330 San Martín de la Vega-Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Cabello-Igual
- Health Center Parque Europa, Madrid Health Service, Pza. David Martín s/n, 28320 Pinto-Madrid, Spain
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Ruiz-García A, Arranz-Martínez E, García-Álvarez JC, Morales-Cobos LE, García-Fernández ME, de la Peña-Antón N, Martín Calle MC, Díez Pérez MC, Montero Costa A, Palacios Martínez D, García Villasur MP, García Granado MAD, Lorenzo Borda MS, Cique Herráinz JA, Marañón Henrich N, Zarzuelo Martín N, Baltuille Aller MDC, Casaseca Calvo TF, Arribas Álvaro P, Macho Del Barrio AI, Moreno Fernández JC, Ribot Catalá C, Capitán Caldas M, Ciria de Pablo C, Sanz Velasco C, Simonaggio Stancampiano P, Vargas-Machuca Cabañero C, Sarriá Sánchez MT, Gómez Díaz E, Sanz Pozo B, Rodríguez de Mingo E, Cabello Igual MP, Rico Pérez MR, Migueláñez Valero A, Alcaraz Bethencourt A, Zafra Urango C, Chao Escuer P, Redondo de Pedro S, Escamilla Guijarro N, López Uriarte B, Rivera Teijido M. Population and methodology of the SIMETAP study: Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, and related metabolic diseases. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2018; 30:197-208. [PMID: 29980384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of cardiovascular disease is based on the detection and control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). In Spain there are important geographical differences both in the prevalence and in the level of control of the CVRF. In the last decade there has been an improvement in the control of hypertension and dyslipidaemia, but a worsening of cardio-metabolic risk factors related to obesity and diabetes. The SIMETAP study is a cross-sectional descriptive, observational study being conducted in 64 Primary Care Centres located at the Community of Madrid. The main objective is to determine the prevalence rates of CVRF, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic diseases related to cardiovascular risk. A report is presented on the baseline characteristics of the population, the study methodology, and the definitions of the parameters and diseases under study. A total of 6,631 study subjects were selected using a population-based random sample. The anthropometric variables, lifestyles, blood pressure, biochemical parameters, and pharmacological treatments were determined. The highest crude prevalences were detected in smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, prediabetes, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemias, and metabolic syndrome. A detailed analysis needs to be performed on the prevalence rates, stratified by age groups, and prevalence rates adjusted for age and sex to assess the true epidemiological dimension of these CVRF and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ruiz-García
- Unidad de Lípidos y Prevención Cardiovascular, Centro de Salud Universitario Pinto, Pinto, Madrid, España.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Blanca Sanz Pozo
- Centro de Salud Universitario Las Américas, Parla, Madrid, España
| | | | | | - M Rosario Rico Pérez
- Unidad de Lípidos y Prevención Cardiovascular, Centro de Salud Universitario Pinto, Pinto, Madrid, España
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