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Koblan LW, Doman JL, Wilson C, Levy JM, Tay T, Newby GA, Maianti JP, Raguram A, Liu DR. Improving cytidine and adenine base editors by expression optimization and ancestral reconstruction. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:843-846. [PMID: 29813047 PMCID: PMC6126947 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Base editors enable targeted single-nucleotide conversions in genomic DNA. Here we show that expression levels are a bottleneck in base-editing efficiency. We optimize cytidine (BE4) and adenine (ABE7.10) base editors by modification of nuclear localization signals (NLS) and codon usage, and ancestral reconstruction of the deaminase component. The resulting BE4max, AncBE4max, and ABEmax editors correct pathogenic SNPs with substantially increased efficiency in a variety of mammalian cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W. Koblan
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan L. Doman
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Levy
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tristan Tay
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Greg A. Newby
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Maianti
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aditya Raguram
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David R. Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kanazawa H, Saavedra OM, Maianti JP, Young SA, Izquierdo L, Smith TK, Hanessian S, Kondo J. Structure-Based Design of a Eukaryote-Selective Antiprotozoal Fluorinated Aminoglycoside. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1541-1548. [PMID: 29766661 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AG) are antibiotics that lower the accuracy of protein synthesis by targeting a highly conserved RNA helix of the ribosomal A-site. The discovery of AGs that selectively target the eukaryotic ribosome, but lack activity in prokaryotes, are promising as antiprotozoals for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, and as therapies to read-through point-mutation genetic diseases. However, a single nucleobase change A1408G in the eukaryotic A-site leads to negligible affinity for most AGs. Herein we report the synthesis of 6'-fluorosisomicin, the first 6'-fluorinated aminoglycoside, which specifically interacts with the protozoal cytoplasmic rRNA A-site, but not the bacterial A-site, as evidenced by X-ray co-crystal structures. The respective dispositions of 6'-fluorosisomicin within the bacterial and protozoal A-sites reveal that the fluorine atom acts only as a hydrogen-bond acceptor to favorably interact with G1408 of the protozoal A-site. Unlike aminoglycosides containing a 6'-ammonium group, 6'-fluorosisomicin cannot participate in the hydrogen-bonding pattern that characterizes stable pseudo-base-pairs with A1408 of the bacterial A-sites. Based on these structural observations it may be possible to shift the biological activity of aminoglycosides to act preferentially as antiprotozoal agents. These findings expand the repertoire of small molecules targeting the eukaryotic ribosome and demonstrate the usefulness of fluorine as a design element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oscar M Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Maianti
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Simon A Young
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital-Clinic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Terry K Smith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jiro Kondo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554, Tokyo, Japan
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Maianti JP, Hanessian S. Structural hybridization of three aminoglycoside antibiotics yields a potent broad-spectrum bactericide that eludes bacterial resistance enzymes. Med Chem Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00429b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematically blending structural features from obsolete aminoglycosides gleaned from X-ray co-crystal models rendered a promising antibiotic inert to enzymatic modification.
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Maianti JP, Kanazawa H, Dozzo P, Matias RD, Feeney LA, Armstrong ES, Hildebrandt DJ, Kane TR, Gliedt MJ, Goldblum AA, Linsell MS, Aggen JB, Kondo J, Hanessian S. Toxicity modulation, resistance enzyme evasion, and A-site X-ray structure of broad-spectrum antibacterial neomycin analogs. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:2067-73. [PMID: 25019242 DOI: 10.1021/cb5003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are pseudosaccharides decorated with ammonium groups that are critical for their potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Despite over three decades of speculation whether or not modulation of pKa is a viable strategy to curtail aminoglycoside kidney toxicity, there is a lack of methods to systematically probe amine-RNA interactions and resultant cytotoxicity trends. This study reports the first series of potent aminoglycoside antibiotics harboring fluorinated N1-hydroxyaminobutyryl acyl (HABA) appendages for which fluorine-RNA contacts are revealed through an X-ray cocrystal structure within the RNA A-site. Cytotoxicity in kidney-derived cells was significantly reduced for the derivative featuring our novel β,β-difluoro-HABA group, which masks one net charge by lowering the pKa without compromising antibacterial potency. This novel side-chain assists in evasion of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and it can be easily transferred to impart these properties onto any number of novel analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Maianti
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Hiroki Kanazawa
- Department
of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paola Dozzo
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rowena D. Matias
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lee Ann Feeney
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eliana S. Armstrong
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Darin J. Hildebrandt
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Timothy R. Kane
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Micah J. Gliedt
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Adam A. Goldblum
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martin S. Linsell
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James B. Aggen
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court,
Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiro Kondo
- Department
of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department
of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
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Kondo J, Koganei M, Maianti JP, Ly VL, Hanessian S. Back Cover: Crystal Structures of a Bioactive 6′-Hydroxy Variant of Sisomicin Bound to the Bacterial and Protozoal Ribosomal Decoding Sites (ChemMedChem 5/2013). ChemMedChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201390019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kondo J, Koganei M, Maianti JP, Ly VL, Hanessian S. Crystal structures of a bioactive 6'-hydroxy variant of sisomicin bound to the bacterial and protozoal ribosomal decoding sites. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:733-9. [PMID: 23436717 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections recognized as neglected tropical diseases are a source of concern for several regions of the world. Aminoglycosides are potent antimicrobial agents that have been extensively studied by biochemical and structural studies in prokaryotes. However, the molecular mechanism of their potential antiprotozoal activity is less well understood. In the present study, we have examined the in vitro inhibitory activities of some aminoglycosides with a 6'-hydroxy group on ring I and highlight that one of them, 6'-hydroxysisomicin, exhibits promising activity against a broad range of protozoan parasites. Furthermore, we have conducted X-ray analyses of 6'-hydroxysisomicin bound to the target ribosomal RNA A-sites in order to understand the mechanisms of both its antibacterial and antiprotozoal activities at the molecular level. The unsaturated ring I of 6'-hydroxysisomicin can directly stack on G1491, which is highly conserved in bacterial and protozoal species, through π-π interaction and fits closer to the guanidine base than the typically saturated and hydroxylated ring I of other structurally related aminoglycosides. Consequently, the compound adopts a lower energy conformation within the bacterial and protozoal A-sites and makes pseudo pairs to either A or G at position 1408. The A-site-selective binding mode strongly suggests that 6'-hydroxysisomicin is a potential lead for the design of next-generation aminoglycosides targeting a wide variety of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Kondo
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan.
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Hanessian S, Maianti JP, Ly VL, Deschênes-Simard B. Structural and kinetic study of self-assembling macrocyclic dimer natural product aminoglycoside66-40C and unnatural variants. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hanessian S, Giguère A, Grzyb J, Maianti JP, Saavedra OM, Aggen JB, Linsell MS, Goldblum AA, Hildebrandt DJ, Kane TR, Dozzo P, Gliedt MJ, Matias RD, Feeney LA, Armstrong ES. Toward Overcoming Staphylococcus aureus Aminoglycoside Resistance Mechanisms with a Functionally Designed Neomycin Analogue. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:924-8. [PMID: 24900282 DOI: 10.1021/ml200202y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxygenation of the diol groups in rings A and D of neomycin in combination with the introduction of an N1-(l)-HABA group in the 2-deoxystreptamine subunit (ring B) leads to a novel and potent antibiotic (1) with activity against strains of S. aureus carrying known aminoglycoside resistance determinants, as well as against an extended panel of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (n = 50). Antibiotic 1 displayed >64 fold improvement in MIC50 and MIC90 against this MRSA collection when compared to the clinically relevant aminoglycosides amikacin and gentamicin. The synthesis was achieved in six steps and 15% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Giguère
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Justyna Grzyb
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Maianti
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Oscar M. Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - James B. Aggen
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martin S. Linsell
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Adam A. Goldblum
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Darin J. Hildebrandt
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Timothy R. Kane
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paola Dozzo
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Micah J. Gliedt
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rowena D. Matias
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lee Ann Feeney
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eliana S. Armstrong
- Achaogen Inc., 7000 Shoreline Court, Suite 371, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Hanessian S, Maianti JP, Matias RD, Feeney LA, Armstrong ES. Hybrid aminoglycoside antibiotics via Tsuji palladium-catalyzed allylic deoxygenation. Org Lett 2011; 13:6476-9. [PMID: 22085292 DOI: 10.1021/ol2027703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetically inspired manipulation of the antibiotic paromomycin led, in six high-yielding steps, to a ring A harboring an α,β-unsaturated 6'-aldehyde and an allylic 3'-methylcarbonate group. Tsuji deoxygenation in the presence of 5 mol % Pd(2)(dba)(3) and Bu(3)P granted access to a novel series of 3',4'-dideoxy-4',5'-dehydro ring A hybrids. The neomycin-sisomicin hybrid exhibited superior in vitro antibacterial activity to the parent compound neomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7.
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Hanessian S, Maianti JP. Biomimetic synthesis and structural refinement of the macrocyclic dimer aminoglycoside 66-40C—the remarkably selective self-condensation of a putative aldehyde intermediate in the submerged culture medium producing sisomicin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2013-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b925668g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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